Grassroots Group of Second Class Citizens
Formation1981
Dissolved1993
TypeFeminist
PurposeActivist group for the Equal Rights Amendment and reproductive rights
HeadquartersIllinois
Key people
Berenice Carroll, Mary Lee Sargent

Grassroots Group of Second Class Citizens was a political organization of feminist women created in the early 1980s to undertake non-violent direct action tactics to raise awareness for the need of an Equal Rights Amendment.[1] The group also advocated for reproductive rights and lasted throughout the 1980s.[2]

Actions at the Illinois State House

Grassroots Group of Second Class Citizens were especially known for their direct actions at the Illinois State House in 1982. One of the grandmothers of a founder, Mary Lee Sargent, was a suffragist.[1] Sargent co-founded this group while teaching at Parkland Community College in Illinois.[3] In 1982, the ERA was set to expire and both pro and anti-ERA groups descended upon the Capitol in Illinois to lobby state legislators.[4] Members of the Grassroots Group of Second Class Citizens were often referred to as a chain gang because they had chained themselves together inside the capitol.[5]

A flyer promoting the Day of Rebellion in support of the Equal Rights Amendment

Day of Rebellion for ERA

One of the most notable actions undertaken by Grassroots Group of Second Class Citizens was known as their Day of Rebellion for the ERA on June 3, 1982. That day, 17 women chained themselves inside the Illinois State Capitol.[6] According to the Macon Telegraph, "When asked if they were worried the sit-in might alienate ERA supporters, Mary Lee Sargent...said, 'It's too late for that...we're here to step up the confrontation."[7] Sargent noted this action had connections to the militant actions of the women's suffrage movement.[8] She said, "It's our willingness to put our bodies out here, to be a spectacle and to be laughed at by people...but to face people directly."[8]

The Grassroots Group of Second Class Citizens refused to leave the Capitol and members spent four nights in jail.[1] The group then sprayed animal blood inside the capitol to symbolize the death of the ERA.[9] They were ordered to pay more than $2,000 in cleanup fees.[10] A photo of the women in chains appeared in Life magazine in 1982.[3]

Fast for the ERA

Grassroots Group of Second Class Citizens were politically active at the same time and place when another group of women fasted for the ERA in Illinois in 1982. Both groups expressed solidarity for one another in the press.[11] Fasters included longtime women's rights activists Zoe Nicholson and Sonia Johnson.[12][13]

Later years

After the failure of the ERA campaign, Grassroots Group for Second Class Citizens continued to be politically active as they advocated for a variety of feminist causes including for abortion rights. In 1982, the group undertook an action where they posed as "witches" while holding a mock trial of legislators.[14] In 1984, Sargent ran for a seat on the Board of Trustees for the University of Illinois-Champaign.[3] The group finally disbanded in 1993.[15]

Members of the Grassroots Group of Second Class Citizens

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Love, Barbara J. (September 22, 2006). Feminists Who Changed America, 1963-1975. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-03189-2.
  2. ↑ Guy, Sandra (November 1, 1989). "Pro-Choice Group to Follow Example". The Times.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Oral History Interview - ERA Fight in Illinois Mary Lee Sargent". presidentlincoln.illinois.gov. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
  4. ↑ Schoenburg, Bernie (June 27, 1982). "ERA Fasters Play Politics". The Pantagraph.
  5. ↑ "Women Sentenced to Jail in ERA Protest". Evansville Press. July 3, 1982.
  6. ↑ Staff Writer. "36 years later, Catania hopeful about ERA". The State Journal-Register. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
  7. ↑ "Women Chain Themselves in Front of State Senate to Lobby for ERA". The Macon Telegraph. June 4, 1982.
  8. 1 2 "Chained ERA Supporters Stage 'Day of Rebellion' in Illinois Senate". The Times Argus. June 4, 1982.
  9. ↑ Schoenburg, Bernie (June 29, 1982). "Pro-ERA Group Sets Final Act Wednesday". The Pantagraph. p. 55.
  10. ↑ "ERA Backers Must Pay for Cleanup". Hawaii Tribune-Herald. August 26, 1982.
  11. ↑ "ERA Fasting 7 Blasts Holiday". The Dispatch. May 28, 1982.
  12. ↑ Banaszak, Lee Ann (September 21, 2005). The U.S. Women's Movement in Global Perspective. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4616-4591-7.
  13. ↑ "Zoe Ann Nicholson". onlinewithzoe.typepad.com. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
  14. ↑ "Capitol Witches". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. November 2, 1983.
  15. ↑ "Collection: Papers of Mary Lee Sargent, 1982-2004 | HOLLIS for". hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
  16. ↑ "Berenice Carroll". Coordinating Council for Women in History. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
  17. 1 2 Ogintz, Eileen (August 2, 1982). "August 2, 1982". The Tampa Times.
  18. ↑ "ERA Protests Planned Despite Permit Rejection". The Herald. June 30, 1982.
  19. ↑ "Mary Lee Sargent". www.maryleesargent.org. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
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