The Green500 is a biannual ranking of supercomputers, from the TOP500 list of supercomputers, in terms of energy efficiency.[1][2] The list measures performance per watt using the TOP500 measure of high performance LINPACK benchmarks at double-precision floating-point format.
In 2022, Hewlett Packard Enterprise took the lead (then later in Nov. 2022 Lenovo took the lead, though with a much smaller Nvidia based system), with AMD-based systems (AMD CPUs and AMD GPUs) in the 4 top positions, with the top position over 50% more efficient than the previous year (Japanese) top position. And number two on the list (the current fastest on TOP500) is also over 50% more efficient than the currently most efficient (and much smaller) Nvidia-based system. No large Nvidia-based system make the top 10 positions of Graph500 (smaller ones in 7th to 10th, nor any longer any (small or large) ARM-based (Fugaku was at the top of the list in June 2021).
History
As of November 2012, an Appro International, Inc. Xtreme-X supercomputer (Beacon) topped the Green500 list with 2.499 LINPACK GFLOPS/W.[3] Beacon is deployed by NICS of the University of Tennessee and is a GreenBlade GB824M, Xeon E5-2670 based, eight cores (8C), 2.6 GHz, Infiniband FDR, Intel Xeon Phi 5110P computer.[4]
As of June 2013, the Eurotech supercomputer Eurora at Cineca topped the Green500 list with 3.208 LINPACK GFLOPS/W.[5] The Cineca Eurora supercomputer is equipped with two Intel Xeon E5-2687W CPUs and two PCI-e connected NVIDIA Tesla K20 accelerators per node. Water cooling and electronics design allows for very high densities to be reached with a peak performance of 350 TFLOPS per rack.[6]
As of November 2014, the L-CSC supercomputer of the Helmholtz Association at the GSI in Darmstadt Germany topped the Green500 list with 5.271 GFLOPS/W and was the first cluster to surpass an efficiency of 5 GFLOPS/W. It runs on Intel Xeon E5-2690 Processors with the Intel Ivy Bridge Architecture and AMD FirePro S9150 GPU Accelerators. It uses in rack watercooling and Cooling Towers to reduce the energy required for cooling.[7]
As of August 2015, the Shoubu supercomputer of RIKEN outside Tokyo Japan topped the Green500 list with 7.032 GFLOPS/W. The then-top three supercomputers of the list used PEZY-SC accelerators (GPU-like that use OpenCL)[8] by PEZY Computing with 1,024 cores each and 6–7 GFLOPS/W efficiency.[9][10]
As of June 2019, DGX SaturnV Volta, using "NVIDIA DGX-1 Volta36, Xeon E5-2698v4 20C 2.2GHz, Infiniband EDR, NVIDIA Tesla V100", tops Green500 list with 15.113 GFLOPS/W, while ranked only 469th on Top500.[11] It is only slightly more efficient than the much larger Summit (which ranked 2nd while 1st on Top500 with 14.719 GFLOPS/W), using IBM POWER9 CPUs combined with Nvidia Tesla V100 GPUs.
Green 500 List
| Rank | Performance per watt (GFLOPS/watt) |
Name | Model Processors, GPU, Interconnect |
Vendor | Site Country, year |
Rmax (PFLOPS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 65.396 | Henri | Lenovo ThinkSystem SR670 V2 Intel Xeon Platinum 8362 2.8 GHz (32C), Nvidia H100 80 GB PCIe, InfiniBand HDR |
Lenovo | Flatiron Institute, United States, 2022 |
2.88 |
| 2 | 62.684 | Frontier TDS | HPE Cray EX235a AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2 GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11 |
Hewlett Packard Enterprise | OE/SC/Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States, 2022 |
19.20 |
| 3 | 58.021 | Adastra | HPE Cray EX235a AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2 GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11 |
Hewlett Packard Enterprise | Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif - Centre Informatique National de l'Enseignement Superieur (GENCI-CINES), France, 2022 |
46.10 |
| 4 | 56.983 | Setonix – GPU | HPE Cray EX235a AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2 GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11 |
Hewlett Packard Enterprise | Pawsey Supercomputing Centre,.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Australia, 2022 |
27.16 |
| 5 | 56.491 | Dardel GPU | HPE Cray EX235a AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2 GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11 |
Hewlett Packard Enterprise | KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden, 2022 |
8.26 |
| 6 | 53.984 | MareNostrum 5 ACC | BullSequana XH3000 Xeon Platinum 8460Y + 40C 2 GHz,NVIDIA H100 64GB, Infiniband NDR200 |
EVIDEN (ex-Atos) | EuroHPC/BSC, Spain, 2023 |
138.20 |
| 7 | 53.428 | LUMI | HPE Cray EX235a AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2 GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11 |
Hewlett Packard Enterprise | EuroHPC/CSC, Finland, 2022 |
379.70 |
| 8 | 52.592 | Frontier | HPE Cray EX235a AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2 GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11 |
Hewlett Packard Enterprise | OE/SC/Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States, 2022 |
1,194.00 |
| 9 | 46.543 | Goethe-NHR | Supermicro AS-4124GS-TNR,AMD EPYC 7452 32C 2.35 GHz, AMD Instinct MI210 64GB, Mellanox InfiniBand EDR |
MEGWARE Supermicro | Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany, 2023 |
9.09 |
| 10 | 45.117 | Olaf | Lenovo ThinkSystem SR675 V3 AMD EPYC 9334 32C 2.7 GHz, NVIDIA H100, Infiniband NDR 400, |
Lenovo | Institute for Basic Science,[13] South Korea, 2023 |
2.03 |
Historical development
- Energy efficiency of top-ranked computers (gigaflops/watt)
References
- ↑ "The Green500". Archived from the original on 2016-06-20.
- ↑ "Green 500 list ranks supercomputers". iTnews Australia. Archived from the original on 2008-10-22.
- ↑ "University of Tennessee Supercomputer Sets World Record for Energy Efficiency". National Institute for Computational Sciences News. University of Tennessee & Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
- ↑ "Beacon - Appro GreenBlade - Green500 list". top500.org. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
- ↑ "Eurotech Eurora, the PRACE prototype deployed by Cineca and INFN, scores first in Green500 list". Cineca. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ↑ "Eurora - Aurora Tigon - Top500 list". top500.org. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ↑ "The Green500 List - November 2014". Archived from the original on 2015-02-22.
- ↑ Hindriksen, Vincent (2015-08-02). "The knowns and unknowns of the PEZY-SC accelerator at RIKEN". StreamHPC. Retrieved 2019-10-21.
- ↑ Tiffany, Tiffany (August 4, 2015). "Japan Takes Top Three Spots on Green500 List". HPCWire. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
- ↑ "PEZY & ExaScaler Step Up on the Green500 List with Immersive Cooling". InsideHPC. September 23, 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
- ↑ "June 2019 | TOP500 Supercomputer Sites". www.top500.org. Retrieved 2019-08-12.
- ↑ "NOVEMBER 2023". www.top500.org. Retrieved 2023-11-15.
- ↑ "IBS Supercomputer 'Olaf' Debuts in the List of Top 10 Green Supercomputers". Institute for Basic Science. 23 November 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2024.