Gyan Mukherjee | |
|---|---|
 Mukherjee in November 1945 | |
| Born | 30 September 1909 |
| Died | 13 November 1956 (aged 47) |
| Occupation(s) | film director and screenwriter |
| Years active | 1930s–1956 |
Gyan Mukherjee (30 September 1909 – 13 November 1956) was an Indian film director and screenwriter, who worked in Hindi cinema, best known for the hits Jhoola (1941) and Kismet (1943).
Early life
Mukherjee was born on 30 September 1909 in Benares, United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh), British India.
Career
Early career
Mukherjee started his career with New Theatres in Calcutta (now Kolkata), and subsequently joined Bombay Talkies as a supervising technician. Soon became a trendsetter of "formula film" starting with first directorial venture Geeta (1940) based on the theme, "Crime-doesn't-pay", "Boy meets girl" was used in Jhoola (1941).[1]
1943—1956
In 1943, he reused the formula of Geeta to direct the biggest hit of his career, Kismet (1943), which also add another formula of "lost-and-found", which remained popular for several decades in Hindi films.[1] The film had Ashok Kumar, the leading star of the era, playing an anti-hero and also appearing in a double role. The film had a strong-anti British sentiment and also featured the noted patriotic song, "Door hato O Duniya walon, Hindustan Hamara Hai" (Leave People of World, India is Ours) by Kavi Pradeep,[2][3] and went on to run at Roxy Cinema in Calcutta for 3 years and 8 months.[4][5][6] Subhash K. Jha has called Kismet as one of the most influential films of all times" in Indian cinema.[7]
After death of Himanshu Rai, founder of Bombay Talkies Studio in 1940, a group led by producer Sashadhar Mukherjee along with production controller Rai Bahadur Chunilal,[8] actor Ashok Kumar and Mukherjee, broke away to establish the Filmistan studio in March 1943 at the premises of old Sharada Movietone studios in Goregaon, Mumbai.[9][10] He retouched the concept of anti-hero in Sangram (1950), today his works are seen as early depictions of the underworld and the anti-hero in Indian cinema.[1]
While working at Bombay Talkies, auteur Guru Dutt trained under him, though he also assisted Amiya Chakravarty, Dutt emulated Mukherjee's formula-based film style in his early films and eventually dedicated his classic, Pyaasa (1957) to Mukherjee,[1][6] Another noted director, who assisted him at Bombay Talkies, was Shakti Samanta, who later made Aradhana (1969) and Amar Prem (1972).[11]
Death
Mujherjee died on 13 November 1956 in Calcutta (now Kolkata), at the age of 47. Guru Dutt's Kaagaz Ke Phool (1959) is considered to be an homage to Mukherjee.[12]
Filmography
| Year | Film | Work | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Direction | Screenplay | ||
| 1940 | Geeta | Yes | |
| Bandhan | Yes | ||
| 1941 | Jhoola | Yes | Yes |
| Naya Sansar | Yes | ||
| 1943 | Kismet | Yes | |
| 1944 | Chal Chal Re Naujawan | Yes | |
| 1950 | Sangram | Yes | Yes |
| 1953 | Shamsheer | Yes | |
| 1955 | Sardar | Yes | |
| 1956 | Satranj | Yes | |
References
- 1 2 3 4 Ashoka Da Ranade (1 January 2006). Hindi Film Song: Music Beyond Boundaries. Bibliophile South Asia. p. 95. ISBN 978-81-85002-64-4. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
- ↑ Priya Jaikumar (3 May 2006). Cinema at the End of Empire: A Politics of Transition in Britain and India. Duke University Press. p. 236. ISBN 978-0-8223-3793-5. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
- ↑ "Blast From The Past: Kismet (1943)". The Hindu. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
- ↑ S. B. Bhattacherje (1 May 2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 1. ISBN 978-81-207-4074-7. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
- ↑ Gulzar, p. 5
- 1 2 Santhya Saran; Abrar Alvi (2008). Ten Years With Guru Dutt: Abrar Alvi's Journey. Penguin Books India. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-670-08221-6. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
- ↑ Subhash K. Jha (20 April 2005). "The ones who dared". Sify.com, Movies. Archived from the original on 20 June 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
- ↑ Father of music composer Madan Mohan.
- ↑ Gulzar, p. 593
- ↑ Kabir, p. 29
- ↑ "Veteran film-maker S Samanta passes away". The Times of India. 10 April 2009. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
- ↑ Helio San Miguel (2012). World Film Locations: Mumbai. Intellect Books. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-84150-632-6.
Bibliography
- Gulzar; Govind Nihalani; Saibal Chatterjee (2003). Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema. Popular Prakashan. ISBN 978-81-7991-066-5.
- Nasreen Munni Kabir (2005). Guru Dutt: a life in cinema. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-567233-6.