Hōkoku-ji
The entrance of Hōkoku-ji
Religion
AffiliationRinzai Zen
Location
Location7–4, Jomyoji 2-chome, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248–0003
CountryJapan
Architecture
FounderAshikaga Ietoki
Tengan Eko (founding priest)
Completed1334

Hōkoku-ji (報国寺) is an old temple in the Kenchō-ji school of the Rinzai sect of Zen Buddhism located in Kamakura, Japan. Famous for its bamboo garden, it is also known as "Bamboo Temple".

A statue of Gautama Buddha, called Shaka Nyorai in Japanese, in a sacred hall is the temple's principal image.[1] The original of a statue of Sho Kan'non is on display at the Kamakura Museum of National Treasures.[2] The temple is sometimes called Takuma-dera after the artist of a statue of Kashyap which was destroyed by a fire in 1891 in an adjacent hall.[2]

The temple is No. 10 on the Kamakura 33 Kannon pilgrimage.[3] The grounds cover approximately 13,000 square metres (140,000 sq ft).[2]

History

The family temple of both the Ashikaga and Uesugi clans, Hōkoku-ji was established by founding priest Tengan Eko in 1334 (the first year of the Kenmu era) to commemorate Ashikaga Ietoki, grandfather of Ashikaga Takauji the first shōgun of the Ashikaga shogunate.[4]

Known posthumously by his Buddhist name Butsujo Zenji, Eko was a member of the Five Mountains Zen literary school.[5] Copies that he made of Buddhist teachings and carved wooden seals of his names "Tengan" and "Eko" are Important Cultural Properties and are in the Kamakura Museum on the grounds of the Shinto shrine Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū.[6][7][8][9] Other treasures owned by the temple include a painting on silk of Zaichū Kōen dating to 1388, a Muromachi-period painting of Arhats, and a pair of paintings of flowers and birds from Ming China, all Prefectural Cultural Properties kept in the same museum; a number of further works have been designated for protection at a municipal level.[10][11][12][13]

Ashes of the Ashikaga family including Ietoki and Yoshihisa who both died by seppuku (Yoshihisa was only age 13), are reportedly buried in the large caves at the temple's west side.[2]

The 1923 Great Kantō earthquake destroyed most of the temple structures including the original straw roof on the main hall. A similar roof is maintained on the bell tower today.[1] Most of the temple structures were rebuilt.[2]

Near the bell tower, five-tier memorial towers called gorintō commemorate the thousands of warriors who were killed in the 1333 battle in Kamakura that marked the end of rule by the Hōjō clan.[2]

Bamboo grove

A former annex behind the main hall was a training area where Butsujo Zenji also wrote poetry. Today a grove or forest of about 2000 mōsō bamboo sits in place of the annex. The site has a small tea house or chashitsu that is popular with tourists.[1]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hōkoku-ji.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Hokoku-ji Temple". Japan National Tourism Organization. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Hokokuji". A Guide to Kamakura. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
  3. ↑ "Hokokuji Temple". Kamakura City. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  4. ↑ "Hokokuji". Kamakura Today. Retrieved 10 April 2012..
  5. ↑ Eko in Five Mountains school mentioned in: Hobson, Peter (2003). Poems of Hanshan. p. 133. ISBN 0759104158.
  6. ↑ "Junisho and Jomyoji Areas". Kamakura Citizens Net / Kamakura Green Net. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  7. ↑ Wooden stamp also mentioned in: "Zen temple". Malaysia Arlines. Archived from the original on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  8. ↑ 紙本墨書仏乗禅師度牒 [Writings in ink on paper by Butsujō Zenji] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  9. ↑ 東帰集〈（伝仏乗禅師筆）／〉 [Tōkishū (Butsujō Zenji)] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  10. ↑ "絹本著色 在中広衍像" [Zaichū Kōen (colours on silk)]. Kanagawa Prefecture. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  11. ↑ "絹本著色 羅漢図" [Rakan (colours on silk)]. Kanagawa Prefecture. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  12. ↑ "絹本著色 花鳥図" [Flowers and Birds (colours on silk)]. Kanagawa Prefecture. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  13. ↑ 鎌倉の肖像 [Portrait(s) of Kamakura] (in Japanese). Kamakura City. Archived from the original on 11 July 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2012.

35°19′12″N 139°34′09″E / 35.3200°N 139.5693°E / 35.3200; 139.5693

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