Plan of HMS Courageux by John Henslow in 1797
History
Royal Navy EnsignGreat Britain
NameHMS Courageux
Ordered6 November 1794
BuilderDeptford Dockyard
Laid downOctober 1797
Launched26 March 1800
FateBroken up, 1832
General characteristics [1]
Class and type74-gun third rate ship of the line
Tons burthen1772 (bm)
Length181 ft (55.2 m) (gundeck)
Beam47 ft 1 in (14.4 m)
Depth of hold19 ft 10 in (6.0 m)
PropulsionSails
Sail planFull-rigged ship
Armament
  • Gundeck: 28 × 32-pounder guns
  • Upper gundeck: 30 × 24-pounder guns
  • QD: 12 × 9-pounder guns
  • Fc: 4 × 9-pounder guns

HMS Courageux was a 74-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 26 March 1800 at Deptford. She was designed by Sir John Henslow as one of the large class 74-gun ships, and was the only ship built to her draught. Unlike the middling and common class 74-gun ships, which carried 18-pounder long guns, as a large 74-gun ship, Courageux carried 24-pounders on her upper gun deck.[1]

On 3 January 1804 Atalanta had to put into Dartmouth after Courageux had run into her.[2]

At the end of January 1801, a French squadron under Admiral Honoré Ganteaume comprising seven ships-of-the-line and two frigates, and carrying 5,000 troops, escaped from the port of Brest. It was spotted on 27 January by a British frigate which conveyed the news to Plymouth on 3 February. Believing its destination to be the West Indies, a similar sized force, under Sir Robert Calder was sent in pursuit. As one of the fastest two-deckers available at the time, Courageux was selected to take part in this unnecessary expedition.[3]

When the Peace of Amiens broke down in May 1803, Courageux, was part of Samuel Hood's squadron in the Leeward Islands and took part in an attack on St Lucia in June.[4] She left Barbados on 20 June in the company of Hood's 74-gun flagship HMS Centaur, the frigates Argo and Chichester, and the sloops Hornet and Cyane. They were joined the following morning by HMS Emerald and the 18-gun sloop Osprey. The squadron anchored in Choc Bay at around 11:00, the troops were landed by 17:00 and half an hour after, the town of Castries capitulated.[5][4][6] The island's main fortress, Morne-Fortunée, refused to surrender so the British stormed it at 04:00 on 22 June, and by 04:30, this too was in British hands. Following this comparatively easy take-over, the British force invaded Tobago, which surrendered on 1 July.[6]

On 1 January 1804 a convoy of leaving Portsmouth for the West Indies. On 1 February 43 vessels returned to Plymouth, together with their escort, Courageux.[7]

In mid-1804, Courageaux escorted a convoy from St Helena back to Britain. The convoy consisted of the East Indiamen City of London, Ceylon, Calcutta, and Wyndham, two vessels from the South Seas, Lively and Vulture, and the ship Rolla, which had transported convicts to New South Wales.[8][Note 1] On the way the convoy ran into severe weather with the result that Prince of Wales, which had also left St Helena with the rest, foundered with the loss of all on board; this had been her maiden voyage.[8][10]

Sir Richard Strachan's Action - 4 November 1805, Courageaux seen second right

On 4–5 November 1805 she was involved in the Battle of Cape Ortegal (Sir Richard Strachan's Action).

In 1806 and 1807 Courageux is known to have been under the command of James Bissett.[11]

Shortly after the outbreak of the War of 1812, on 12 August, Courageaux shared in the seizure of several American vessels: Cuba, Caliban, Edward, Galen, Halcyon, and Cygnet.[Note 2]

Fate

Courageux was placed on harbour service in 1814, and was broken up in 1832.[1]

Notes

  1. ↑ Lively was a French ship launched in 1787 but captured in 1796. She was now working as a South Seas whaler under the command of Captain Magnus Smith and under ownership of David Bennett.[9]
  2. ↑ Prize money was paid in November 1815. A first-class share was worth £360 2s 3d; a sixth-class share, that of an ordinary seaman, was worth £3 11s 7d.[12]

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 Lavery, Ships of the Line vol. 1, p. 184.
  2. ↑ "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 4417. 6 January 1804. hdl:2027/mdp.39015005721504. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  3. ↑ Clowes p. 449
  4. 1 2 Clowes (Vol. V) p. 56
  5. ↑ "No. 15605". The London Gazette. 26 July 1803. pp. 918–919.
  6. 1 2 James (Vol. III) p. 207
  7. ↑ Lloyd's List №4424. Accessed 1 December 2016.
  8. 1 2 The Times, 12 October 1804.
  9. ↑ Clayton (2014), pp.160-1.
  10. ↑ National Archives: Prince of Wales (8) - accessed 31 July 2015.
  11. ↑ Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy, David Bonner Smith
  12. ↑ "No. 17076". The London Gazette. 4 November 1815. p. 2209.

References

  • Clowes, William Laird (1997) [1900]. The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to 1900, Volume IV. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 1-86176-013-2.
  • Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650–1850. Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-252-8.

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