Hampden Bridge
Hampden Bridge in 2005, prior to its 2014 demolition
Coordinates35°06′03″S 147°22′07″E / 35.100703°S 147.368522°E / -35.100703; 147.368522
CrossesMurrumbidgee River
LocaleWagga Wagga, New South Wales
Maintained byWagga Wagga City Council
Heritage status
Characteristics
DesignAllan Truss bridge
Total length330 feet (100.6 m)
Longest span110 feet (33.5 m)
No. of spans12
Piers in water2
Clearance below42 feet (13 m)
History
DesignerPercy Allan
Construction cost£12,468 tender[1]
£13,200 reported[2]
Opened11 November 1895[3]
Collapsed20 August 2014
ClosedOctober 1995 (traffic)
August 2006 (pedestrians)
Location

The Hampden Bridge was a heritage-listed[3] wooden Allan Truss bridge over the Murrumbidgee River in Wagga Wagga, Australia. It was officially opened to traffic on 11 November 1895 and named in honour of the NSW Governor Sir Henry Robert Brand, 2nd Viscount Hampden.[4] The bridge carried the Olympic Highway, formerly the Olympic Way, between 1963 until the bridge's closure to highway traffic in October 1995, replaced by the Wiradjuri Bridge. The Hampden Bridge was subsequently converted to local traffic use, then pedestrian use only, and finally demolished in 2014.

Former structure

The Hampden Bridge was 330 feet (100.6 m) long with each of the three truss spans 110 feet (33.5 m) long. Hampden Bridge was the first large overhead-braced truss bridge designed by Percy Allan.[3] The bridge was originally designed to be a steel-built bridge; however, the tenders were too expensive so timber was used as an alternative.[5] The Hampden Bridge replaced the earlier bridge operated by the Wagga Wagga Bridge Company, a toll bridge over the Murrumbidgee River that operated between 1862 and 1895.[6]

The Roads & Traffic Authority handed over the Hampden Bridge to the Wagga Wagga City Council after the bridge was closed to traffic in October 1995. The local historic landmark[7] remained open to pedestrians as a route between the suburb of North Wagga Wagga and the city centre until its closure in 2006.[5] In 2012, Wagga Wagga City Council voted to demolish the bridge, as the maintenance costs associated with its preservation were too high.[8][9] The issue of whether to keep the bridge or to demolish it divided the local community.[10] On 20 August 2014, the bridge was demolished using an induced collapse method with the use of explosives.

Design of the Hampden Bridge

History

The Hampden Bridge opened on 11 November 1895.[11]

In October 1995, just short of its 100th birthday, the Hampden Bridge was closed to traffic when the nearby Wiradjuri Bridge opened, on a similar alignment.

On 16 August 2006 the Hampden Bridge was closed to pedestrians indefinitely after the Wagga Wagga City Council found that the bridge deck had dropped 50 centimetres (20 in) after one of the trusses failed. A safety report by the Roads & Traffic Authority stated that the bridge could fall down any day due to it being in a state of disrepair. Wagga Wagga City Council looked into ways to prop up the failed section with other options of possibly demolishing the bridge.[12][13][14] On 25 August 2006 Wagga Wagga City Council reports that it could cost $30,000 for emergency stabilisation with other costs such as $10,000 or more for a structural assessment and $25,000 to prepare for tenders for the repairs to make the Hampden Bridge safe.[15] Several days later at the monthly meeting of the Wagga Wagga City Council it was decided to commence emergency stabilisation work, a structural soundness assessment, heritage assessment and costs into demolition of the bridge. Cr Peter Dale argued that demolition was the only option since keeping the Hampden Bridge would cost the Wagga Wagga City Council hundreds of thousands of dollars to maintain after an engineer looked at the bridge and estimated that the cost for repairs would be $100,000.[16] One month later the Wagga Wagga City Council approved $30,000 from cash reserves for repairs or for demolition of the bridge. A report by Harry Trueman from the Institute of Engineers Australia stated that the Hampden Bridge is one of the biggest and most important timber bridges in the state since it was originally built to take produce from the Riverina to Sydney; however he is not confident that the Hampden Bridge could be saved due to the amount of money needed to restore it to a good condition, which would cost the Council millions of dollars and involve high ongoing maintenance costs.[17]

By November 2007, Councillors attend a number of workshops on estimated costs of rehabilitation and demolition. The cost of rehabilitation was estimated to be $1.5 million and demolition $1.6 million.[18] On 27 February 2008, the Wagga Wagga City Council approved $300,000 to make the bridge structurally safe.[18] During August 2008 a 39-metre (128 ft) metal truss (used railway tracks to put it in place) is placed on the failed section of the Hampden Bridge, to raise the deck for repair.[19]

In March 2012 the Wagga Wagga City Council voted to dismantle the Hampden Bridge.[20] A tender was awarded to Southern Cross Demolition, in February 2013 for the complete demolition of the bridge.[21] In April 2014 the Council received planning approval for the demolition of the bridge except for the bridge's pylons,[22] and demolition of the bridge commenced in June 2014.[23] By 20 August 2014 the controlled demolition of the bridge skeleton, using the induced collapse method, was completed.[24]

References

  1. ↑ "The Sydney Morning Herald". Sydney Morning Herald. No. 17, 318. New South Wales, Australia. 21 September 1893. p. 4. Retrieved 7 August 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  2. ↑ "The New Wagga Bridge". The Age. No. 12, 700. Victoria, Australia. 12 November 1895. p. 5. Retrieved 7 August 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  3. 1 2 3 "Hampden Bridge Wagga Wagga: Historic Engineering Marker" (PDF). Engineering Heritage Committee, Sydney Division. Institution of Engineers Australia. 1992. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
  4. ↑ "Hampden Bridge". Wagga Wagga City Council. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
  5. 1 2 "Hampden Bridge, Wagga Wagga". Timber Research Unit. Department of Architecture, University of Tasmania. Archived from the original on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2008.
  6. ↑ "An Act to Incorporate the "Wagga Wagga Bridge Company." [Assented to, 5th December, 1861.]". New South Wales Government Gazette. No. 276. New South Wales, Australia. 6 December 1861. p. 2633.
  7. ↑ "Hampden Bridge, The (Timber Truss Bridge)". New South Wales Heritage Database. Office of Environment & Heritage.
  8. ↑ Tanner, Lindsay (26 March 2012). "Hampden Bridge" (PDF). Wagga Wagga City Council.
  9. ↑ "Hampden Bridge to go, CCTV to arrive in Wagga". ABC News. 27 March 2012.
  10. ↑ Grimson, Ken (27 February 2013). "Residents divided over fate of beloved bridge". The Daily Advertiser. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
  11. ↑ "Opening the "Hampden" Bridge at Wagga". The Sydney Mail & New South Wales Advertiser. Vol. LX, no. 1845. New South Wales, Australia. 16 November 1895. p. 1031.
  12. ↑ "Council closes Hampden Bridge over sinking concerns". ABC News. 17 August 2006. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
  13. ↑ "Hampden Bridge is falling down". The Daily Advertiser. 17 August 2006. p. 3.
  14. ↑ "Wagga council urged to keep Hampden Bridge". ABC News. 22 August 2006. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
  15. ↑ "$30,000 to repair icon". The Daily Advertiser. No. 25 August 2006. p. 2.
  16. ↑ "Council Debate Bridge stays for now". The Daily Advertiser. 29 August 2006. p. 2.
  17. ↑ "Wagga's Hampden Bridge has no future says engineer". ABC News. 25 September 2006. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
  18. 1 2 "Local bridge stays put". The Daily Advertiser. Archived from the original on 15 August 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
  19. ↑ "Statement of Heritage Impact" (PDF). ngh Heritage. May 2013. p. 9.
  20. ↑ Gleeson, Ashleigh (27 March 2012). "Hampden Bridge gone to rack and ruin". The Daily Advertiser. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
  21. ↑ "Hampden Bridge given death sentence". The Daily Advertiser. 26 February 2013. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
  22. ↑ "Wagga Wagga City Council gets approval to knock down Hampden Bridge". ABC News. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
  23. ↑ Pearson, Andrew (7 June 2014). "Hampden Bridge begins to fall". The Daily Advertiser. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
  24. ↑ Owen, Brodie (20 August 2014). "Hampden Bridge erased from Wagga's landscape". The Daily Advertiser. Retrieved 20 August 2014.

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