A Hanseatic cog
Hanseatic cog, a close relative of the hulk
History
Hanseatic Flag of LübeckLübeck
NameHanneke Vrome
NamesakeHer captain and owner Hanne Vrome
Out of service20 November 1468
FateLost at sea off the coast of Finland
General characteristics
TypeHulk
Lengthca. 40 m (131 ft)

Hanneke Vrome (or Hanneke Wrome)[1] was a 15th-century Hanseatic hulk which sank off Raseborg, Finland on 20 November 1468. At the time she was laden with a valuable cargo which included honey, cloth and 10 000 guldens.[2] The exact location of her wreck remains unknown.

Final voyage and sinking

Hanneke Vrome was part of a four ship convoy which sailed in the winter of 1468 from Lübeck to Stockholm, with two of the ships continuing on to Hanseatic city of Tallinn, then known as Reval. The ship had 180 passengers, including members of the Zirkelgesellschaft, a fraternity of long-distance merchants. The ship also carried the wife and son of Laurens Axelsson (Tott), fiefholder of the Raseborg Castle. The vessel was heavily armed due to an ongoing war between Sweden and Denmark and had ca. 40 sailors and soldiers manning her.[3]

When the ships had almost reached their destination, a strong gale rose which forced them to turn north towards the Finnish coast. On the evening of 20 November the Hanneke Vrome capsized taking all of her passengers and crew with her. The sinking was witnessed by people on the smaller escort ship sailing by her side, but nothing could be done due to darkness and rough weather. According to eyewitnesses the ship sank in the blink of an eye. The escorting vessel later made it to Reval with the news of the sinking.[4][5]

Aftermath

After the sinking significant amounts of flotsam were collected by locals on the shores of Raseborg. This led to a lengthy diplomatic correspondence between Lübeck, Stockholm, Reval and Laurens Axelsson (Tott), who considered the salvaged cargo as his property. Thanks to this correspondence it is for an example known that local peasants sold some of the cargo in Hitis and were subsequently apprehended.[6] This dispute also prompted Hanseatic merchants to send the ship's manifest to Reval in hopes of reacquiring some of the lost cargo. It survives to this day in Tallinn city archives.[7]

Raseborg castle in the 16th century

In Lübeck a large stone cross was erected at the harbor of Trave to commemorate the sinking, though it has since been destroyed. The story of the Hanneke Vrome was also inscribed on four pillars of the Marienkirche in the late 17th or early 18th century. In Finland Laurens Axelsson (Tott) dedicated a stone church in Karis to St. Catherine in memory of his late wife who died in the sinking.[8][9]

Location of the wreck

In May 2015 an archaeological diving team led by Rauno Koivusaari announced that they had found the wreck of the Hanneke Vrome. Koivusaari had previously discovered the wreck of Vrouw Maria, an 18th-century Dutch merchantman which sank carrying precious artifacts including works of art belonging to Catherine the Great of Russia. The debris field consisted of oak planks, keel, mast, anchor and smaller items which lay in the depth of 9–23 meters (30–75 ft).[10] In the fall of that same year The Finnish Heritage Agency conducted field studies at the site, including dendrochronological sampling. This later proved that the wreck is not the Hanneke Vrome, but a ship built after 1715.[11]

It is believed that the wreck lies somewhere on the coastline east of Hanko and west of Porkkala peninsulas.[12]

References

  1. ↑ "Rauno Koivusaari - Hylyt: Hanneke Wrome dokumentti Tallinan Valtionarkistosta" (in Finnish). Rauno Koivusaari. 2 May 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
  2. ↑ Päivi Vaheri, Jari Hyvärinen & Jukka Saari: Hylkyjä Suomenlahdella ja Saaristomerellä, Karisto Oy 1996 ISBN 951-23-3545-X, p. 34
  3. ↑ Rauno Koivusaari & Mikko Heikkilä: Suomen rannikon aarrelaivat, Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava 2000 ISBN 951-1-16734-0, p. 11
  4. ↑ "Hanneke Wromen lastina oli 10 000 kultarahaa - Kotimaa" (in Finnish). Helsingin Sanomat. 1 May 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
  5. ↑ Koivusaari & Heikkilä 2000, p. 12
  6. ↑ Koivusaari & Heikkilä 2000, p. 13
  7. ↑ Koivusaari & Heikkilä 2000, p. 15
  8. ↑ Koivusaari & Heikkilä 2000, p. 14-15
  9. ↑ "Myrsky nieli aarrelaivan ja Raaseporin linnanrouvan" (in Finnish). Tiede. November 2009. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
  10. ↑ "Suomalaissukeltaja uskoo löytäneensä vuonna 1468 uponneen aarrelaivan - Kotimaa" (in Finnish). 1 May 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
  11. ↑ "Jussarön hylyn näytteet eivät kuuluneet Hanneke Vromen alukseen" (in Finnish). nba.fi. 4 February 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
  12. ↑ Koivusaari & Heikkilä 2000, p. 17
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