"Hevenu shalom aleichem" (Hebrew: הבאנו שלום עליכם "We brought peace upon you"[1]) is a Hebrew-language folk song based on the greeting Shalom aleichem. While perceived to be an Israeli folk song, the melody of "Hevenu shalom aleichem" pre-dates the current state of Israel and is of Hasidic origin. Some scholars have asserted that the melody originated among Hasidic Jews in Romania. The Hebrew-language text of the song was added to the traditional Hasidic melody by Jews in Palestine prior to the foundation of Israel in 1948. It is traditionally sung at celebrations, such as weddings. The song was translated into several languages including English and German, and became popular abroad, also used for peace demonstrations.

History

"Hevenu shalom aleichem" is based on the traditional greeting in Hebrew, Shalom aleichem. The three words are its only text, repeated several times. The composer of the melody is unknown,[1] however scholars assert that the tune is of Hasidic Jewish origin.[2][3][4] While perceived to be an Israeli folk song,[2] British music journalist Norman Lebrecht stated that the melody of "Hevenu shalom aleichem" originated among Hasidic Jews in Romania.[4] The Hebrew-language text of the song was added to the traditional Hasidic melody by Jews in Palestine prior to the foundation of Israel in 1948.[2]

"Hevenu shalom aleichem" is commonly sung by Jews at wedding celebrations,[2] and is also utilized at bar and bat mitzvah (b'nei) celebrations.[5] While not considered a religious song, the work is occasionally utilized within Jewish religious services; and was cited as a piece particularly useful in reaching congregants living with dementia because of its engagement with Jewish identity and cultural and sensory memory.[6]

The melody of "Hevenu shalom aleichem" has been used and adapted in several classical compositions beginning in the 19th century. These include the last third of Franz Xaver Haberl's Salem Aleikum: Orientalisches Marsch-Intermezzo,[7] and the opening of the third movement of Mendelssohn's Reformation Symphony.[4] The melody was later used by composer Frank Ticheli in his work Angels in the Architecture which premiered at the Sydney Opera House in 2008.[8]

According to Israeli music scholar and Israel Prize winner Eliyahu Hacohen (b. 1935), he himself had learned the lyrics back in kindergarten. Hacohen maintained that the song's melody became known in Israel through an advertisement for Salem Aleikum cigarettes in Germany, which was performed by a Turkish ensemble.[7]

The song has been adapted to be sung in many languages, such as English, "May there be peace in the world", German, "Wir wollen Frieden für alle" (We want peace for all), French, "Nous voulons paix pour le monde" (We want peace for the world), and Italian, "Vogliamo pace per tutti" (We want peace for all).[9] It became sung increasingly in Germany after the Second Vatican Council that ended in 1965, encouraging Christians and Jews to remember their common heritage.[10] It was included in Protestant hymnals in German,[10] including as No. 433 in the Evangelisches Gesangbuch[11] by the 1970s.[12] The song became popular and remains popular.[10]

Music and recordings

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Daliah Lavi in 1966

The Israeli singer Daliah Lavi recorded the song in Germany in 1974, to open her album I'm Israeli – I'm A Sabra;[13] it was reissued in 2022. With James Last and his orchestra, she appeared in a 1975 series of the popular Starparade. Adon Olam recorded the song in 1999 in a collection of most popular melodies from Israel.[14] The Israel Philharmonic Orchestra included it, as part of a medley, in a collection Jewish Wedding Songs.[15] The Rubinstein Klezmer Project released an album Fiddler on the Road in 2013, including the song.[14]

"Hevenu shalom aleichem" is included in the Harvard Library's Judaica Sound Recordings collection.[16]

Uses

According to the Israeli newspaper Davar, the song was used to protest British rule in Mandatory Palestine (1945),[17] to welcome Jewish refugees into the country (1946),[18] and later as a popular children's song (1947).[19] The work is included in both the choral and solo voice sections of the National Jewish Music Council's 1959 book Peace and Brotherhood as Reflected in Jewish Music: A Listing of Selected Works, and was listed as a song performed at concerts sponsored by that organization at Jewish community centers in the United States in the 1950s.[20]

Upon the signing of the Camp David Accords in 1978, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin referenced the song in his address to President Jimmy Carter and the citizens of Israel, stating in his concluding remarks a desire to sing "Hevenu shalom aleichem" with the people of his nation upon his return to Israel.[21] A large grandfather clock at the Congregation Beth Israel Judaica Museum in West Hartford, Connecticut, known as the "Peace Clock", was built in 1979 in honor of the Camp David Accords and plays the tune to "Hevenu shalom aleichem" every 30 minutes.[22]

In 2008 "Hevenu shalom aleichem" was included in a concert given for Pope Benedict XVI at the Park East Synagogue in New York City during his first visit to the United States.[23] In 2018, the Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance performed the song in Ben Gurion Airport.[24] Choirs performed the song at a meeting with competition of European Jewish choirs in Ferrara in 2019.[25]

The song was suggested by the German music association for choir and orchestra to be sung together with refugees from Ukraine after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, in public events with the motto Deutschland singt für Hoffnung und Frieden (Germany sings for hope and peace), inspired by President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in April 2022.[26] It was sung in an action following the call on 3 October 2022 in Maßweiler, in an open singing with solo performers and the crowd singing together.[27] On the anniversary of the invasion, the association called for activities on 3 October 2023, recommending to sing peace songs such as "Dona nobis pacem", "We shall overcome", "Von guten Mächten" and "Where have all the flowers gone".[28] Holocaust survivor Tamar Dreifuss has used the song, inviting to sing it together, to concluded lectures about the Holocaust as an eye-witness in schools in Germany.[29]

References

  1. 1 2 "Hevenu shalom aleichem". hebrewsongs.com. 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Andrew Silow-Carroll (4 June 2023). "The hora, the hora! How Jewish wedding music got that way". Jewish Telegraphic Agency.
  3. ↑ Lowenstein, Steven M.; Levine, Isadore (2001). The Jewish Cultural Tapestry: International Jewish Folk Traditions. Oxford University Press. p. 193-194. ISBN 9780195313604.
  4. 1 2 3 Lebrecht, Norman (2019). Genius & Anxiety: How Jews Changed the World, 1847-1947. Simon & Schuster. p. 25. ISBN 9781982134228.
  5. ↑ Arnine Cumsky Weiss (2004). Becoming a Bat Mitzvah: A Treasury of Stories. University of Scranton Press. p. 152. ISBN 9781589660656.
  6. ↑ Lynda Everman; Steven M. Glazer; Virginia Biggar, eds. (2019). Dementia-Friendly Worship: A Multifaith Handbook for Chaplains, Clergy, and Faith Communities. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. p. 193–195. ISBN 9781785926662.
  7. 1 2 Entry in Zemereshet (Hebrew)
  8. ↑ Battisti, Frank L. (2018). The New Winds of Change: The Evolution of the Contemporary American Wind Band/Ensemble and Its Music. Meredith Music. ISBN 9781574634747.
  9. ↑ "Hevenu shalom alechem (Hewenu schalom alejchem)". evangeliums.net (in German). 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  10. 1 2 3 Troyke, Karsten (2021). "Hava Nagila: A Personal Reflection on the Reception of Jewish Music in Germany". In Olaf Glöckner; Haim Fireberg (eds.). Being Jewish in 21st-Century Germany. vol. 16 of Europäisch-jüdische Studien. De Gruyter. pp. 142–151. doi:10.1515/9783110350159-010. ISBN 9783110350159.
  11. ↑ "Wir wünschen Frieden euch allen". Christliche Liederdatenbank [Christian Songs Database] (in German). Retrieved 14 October 2023. Includes German text and instrumental recording.
  12. ↑ Frühauf, Tina (2021). Transcending Dystopia: Music, Mobility, and the Jewish Community in Germany, 1945-1989. Oxford University Press. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-19-753299-7.
  13. ↑ "Daliah Lavi / I'm Israeli – I'm A Sabra". musik-sammler.de. 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  14. 1 2 "Recordings of Hevenu Shalom Aleichem". Muziekweb. 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  15. ↑ "Jewish Wedding Songs". sonichits. 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  16. ↑ Violet Gilboa, ed. (1996). Judaica Sound Recordings in the Harvard College Library: Subject index. Harvard College Library. Judaica Division. p. 373.
  17. ↑ Davar, 24 December 1945, hosted at the National Library of Israel (Hebrew)
  18. ↑ Davar, 10 June 1946, hosted at the National Library of Israel (Hebrew)
  19. ↑ Davar, 20 June 1947, hosted at the National Library of Israel (Hebrew)
  20. ↑ Peace and Brotherhood as Reflected in Jewish Music: A Listing of Selected Works. National Jewish Music Council. 1959. pp. 3, 6, 9.
  21. ↑ Stuart E. Eizenstat (2018). President Carter: The White House Years. St. Martin's Publishing Group. p. 524. ISBN 9781250104557.
  22. ↑ Nancy Frazier (1992). "Connecticut; Congregation Beth Israel Judaica Museum". Jewish Museums of North America: A Guide to Collections, Artifacts, and Memorabilia. Wiley. p. 2. ISBN 9780471542025.
  23. ↑ Sewell Chan (15 April 2008). "Synagogue Choir Is Set to Serenade Pope". The New York Times.
  24. ↑ Hevenu shalom aleichem, performed by the Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance, 2018 (Hebrew)
  25. ↑ Frazer, Jenni (12 July 2019). "European Jewish Choirs on song in Italy". Jewish News. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  26. ↑ "Deutschland singt für Hoffnung und Frieden / Aufruf zum offenen Singen mit Geflüchteten aus der Ukraine". Bundesmusikverband Chor & Orchester (in German). 7 April 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  27. ↑ Füssler, Thomas (4 October 2022). "Singen angesichts des Kriegs in der Ukraine". Die Rheinpfalz (in German). Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  28. ↑ "Ukraine-Krieg: Musizieren für den Frieden zum Jahrestag". Deutschlandfunk (in German). 8 February 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  29. ↑ "Zeitzeugin der Shoa im Gespräch mit Schüler*innen". Elisabeth von Thüringen Gymnasium (in German). 1 May 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
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