Automotive BMW plant using industrial robotics technology in Leipzig, Germany

High technology (high tech), also known as advanced technology (advanced tech) or exotechnology,[1] is technology that is at the cutting edge: the highest form of technology available.[2] It can be defined as either the most complex or the newest technology on the market.[3] The opposite of high tech is low technology, referring to simple, often traditional or mechanical technology; for example, a slide rule is a low-tech calculating device.[4][5][6] When high tech becomes old, it becomes low tech, for example vacuum tube electronics. Further, high tech is related to the concept of mid-tech, that is a balance between the two opposite extreme qualities of low-tech and high-tech. Mid-tech could be understood as an inclusive middle that combines the efficiency and versatility of digital/automated technology with low-tech's potential for autonomy and resilience.[7]

Startups working on high technologies (or developing new high technologies) are sometimes referred to as deep tech; the term may also refer to disruptive innovations or those based on scientific discoveries.[8]

High-tech, as opposed to high-touch, may refer to self-service experiences that do not require human interaction.[9]

History

The phrase was used in a 1958 The New York Times story advocating "atomic energy" for Europe: "... Western Europe, with its dense population and its high technology ...."[10] Robert Metz used the term in a financial column in 1969, saying Arthur H. Collins of Collins Radio "controls a score of high technology patents in a variety of fields"[11] and in a 1971 article used the abbreviated form, "high tech".[12]

A widely used classification of high-technological manufacturing industries was provided by the OECD in 2006.[13] It is based on the intensity of research and development activities used in these industries within OECD countries, resulting in four distinct categories.[14]

List of countries by high tech exports

The following is a list of the 15 largest exporting countries of high tech products by value in thousands of United States dollars, according to the World Bank:[15]

# Country Value Year
1 China942,314,815.522021
2 Hong Kong431,628,771.882021
3 Germany209,744,317.152021
4 United States169,217,253.982021
5 South Korea163,987,147.752020
6 Singapore159,927,958.422020
7 Japan116,513,861.432021
8 Malaysia108,683,179.42021
9 Vietnam101,534,392.932020
10 Netherlands101,168,437.612021
11 France97,528,027.442021
12 Mexico74,932,493.342021
13 United Kingdom66,699,915.642021
14 Belgium52,227,761.212021
15 Thailand45,837,990.482020

See also

Look up high tech in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

References

  1. ↑ Advanced technology definition
  2. ↑ Cortright, Joseph; Mayer, Heike (January 2001). High Tech Specialization: A Comparison of High Technology Centers (PDF). Brookings Institution, Center on Urban & Metropolitan Policy.
  3. ↑ Steenhuis, H.; Bruijn, E. J. De (July 2006). "High technology revisited: Definition and position". 2006 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology (PDF). Vol. 2. pp. 1080–1084. doi:10.1109/ICMIT.2006.262389. ISBN 1-4244-0147-X. S2CID 32767300.
  4. ↑ "Know How To Use a Slide Rule? - Slashdot". science.slashdot.org. Retrieved 2019-11-04.
  5. ↑ "Slide Rules Were the Original Personal Computers". 5 November 2015.
  6. ↑ Slide Rules & Calculators https://www.tnmoc.org/slide-rules-calculators
  7. ↑ Kostakis, Vasilis; Pazaitis, Alex; Liarokapis, Minas (2023-06-20). "Beyond high-tech versus low-tech: A tentative framework for sustainable urban data governance". BigData&Society. doi:10.1177/20539517231180. ISSN 2053-9517.
  8. ↑ "What is Deep Tech and which startups are marking the road (not Uber)". Startup Business (in Italian). 2018-04-20. Retrieved 2020-10-13.
  9. ↑ Williams, Howard (6 June 2019). "Do Customers Want High Tech or High Touch?". Home Business Magazine. Retrieved 2020-03-22.
  10. ↑ "Atomic Power for Europe", The New York Times, February 4, 1958, p. 17.
  11. ↑ Metz, Robert (1969). "Market Place: Collins Versus The Middle Man", The New York Times, April 24, 1969, p. 64.
  12. ↑ Metz, Robert (1971). "Market Place: So What Made E.D.S. Plunge?", The New York Times, November 11, 1971, p. 72.
  13. ↑ Hatzichronoglou, Thomas: "Revision of the High-Technology Sector and Product Classification", OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, No. 1997/02, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  14. ↑ High Tech Trademarks by John Mendenhall, Art Direction Book Co; First Edition (January 1, 1985) ISBN 0881080241
  15. ↑ "High-technology exports". World Bank Open Data. Retrieved 2023-04-15.
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