Huanghetitan
Temporal range: Early Cretaceous,
Reconstructed skeletons of Huanghetitan liujiaxiaensis and Daxiatitan binglingi (background).
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: †Sauropodomorpha
Clade: †Sauropoda
Clade: †Macronaria
Clade: †Camarasauromorpha
Clade: †Titanosauriformes
Genus: †Huanghetitan
You et al., 2006
Type species
†Huanghetitan liujiaxiaensis
You et al., 2006
Other species
  • †H. ruyangensis
    Lü et al., 2007

Huanghetitan (meaning "Yellow River titan"), is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the early Cretaceous Period. It was a basal titanosauriform which lived in what is now Gansu, China.

History

Hind view of skeleton, Henan Geological Museum

The type species, Huanghetitan liujiaxiaensis, was described by You et al. in 2006. It is known from fragmentary materials including two caudal vertebrae, an almost complete sacrum, rib fragments, and the left shoulder girdle, and was discovered in the eastern part of the Lanzhou Basin (Hekou Group) in the Gansu Province in 2004.[1]

A second species, H. ruyangensis, was described in 2007 from the Aptian-Albian Haoling Formation of Ruyang County, China (Henan Province). A recent cladistic analysis has found that this species is unlikely to be closely related to H. liujiaxiaensis and requires a new genus name.[2]

Description

H. liujiaxiaensis is a relatively small sauropod, measuring 12 metres (39 ft) long and weighing 3 metric tons (3.3 short tons).[3] H. ruyangensis is known from a partial vertebral column and several ribs, the size of which (the largest approaches 3 m (10 ft)) indicate it had among the deepest body cavities of any known dinosaur.[4] This second species, along with its local relatives Daxiatitan and Ruyangosaurus, is one of the biggest dinosaurs ever found in Asia, and possibly one of the largest in the world.[5] In 2019 Gregory S. Paul suggested that the dorsal rib of Huanghetitan ruyangensis is about the same length as Patagotitan's, and its sacrum may be similar in length, possibly suggesting a similar mass range of 45–55 tonnes (49.6–60.6 short tons).[6]

In 2007, Lü Junchang et al. created a new family for Huanghetitan, the Huangetitanidae, but this family found to be polyphyletic by Mannion et al.[4][2]

The following is a cladogram from Averianov et al., 2017,[7] based on the work of Mannion et al., showing Huanghetitan as a paraphyletic genus with "H." ruyangensis being closer to Titanosauria:

Somphospondyli

Dongbeititan

Liubangosaurus

Pelorosaurus

Euhelopodidae

Astrophocaudia

Brontomerus

Chubutisaurus

Angolatitan

Tastavinsaurus

Malarguesaurus

Paluxysaurus

Sauroposeidon

Clovery Titanosauriform (YPM 5449)

Fukuititan

Ligabuesaurus

Sibirotitan

Ruyangosaurus

Wintonotitan

Huanghetitan

Huanghetitan ruyangensis

Titanosauria

References

  1. ↑ You, H.; Li, D.; Zhou, L. & Ji, Q. (2006). "Huanghetitan liujiaxiaensis, a New Sauropod Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Hekou Group of Lanzhou Basin, Gansu Province, China". Geological Review. 52 (5): 668–674.
  2. 1 2 Mannion, Philip D.; Upchurch, Paul; Barnes, Rosie N.; Mateus, Octávio (2013). "Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal titanosauriforms" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 168: 98–206. doi:10.1111/zoj.12029.
  3. ↑ Paul, Gregory S. (2016). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs 2nd Edition. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 222.
  4. 1 2 Lu J., Xu; L., Zhang; X., Hu; W., Wu; Y., Jia, S. & Ji, Q. (2007). "A New Gigantic Sauropod Dinosaur with the Deepest Known Body Cavity from the Cretaceous of Asia". Acta Geologica Sinica. 81 (2): 167. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb00941.x. S2CID 128462121.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ Jinyou Mo, Jincheng Li, Yunchuan Ling, Eric Buffetaut, Suravech Suteethorn Varavud, Suteethorne Haiyan Tong, Gilles Cuny, Romain Amiot & Xing Xu (2020). New fossil remain of Fusuisaurus zhaoi (Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the Lower Cretaceous of Guangxi, southern China. Cretaceous Research: 104379 (advance online publication). doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104379
  6. ↑ Paul, Gregory S. (2019). "Determining the largest known land animal: A critical comparison of differing methods for restoring the volume and mass of extinct animals" (PDF). Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 85 (4): 335–358. doi:10.2992/007.085.0403. S2CID 210840060.
  7. ↑ Averianov, A.; Ivanstov, S.; Skutschas, P.; Faingertz, A.; Leschinskiy, S. (2018). "A new sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Ilek Formation, Western Siberia, Russia". Geobios. 51: 1–14. doi:10.1016/J.GEOBIOS.2017.12.004.
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