Hugo Award for Best Fanzine
Awarded forThe best non-professional magazine devoted primarily to science fiction or fantasy
Presented byWorld Science Fiction Society
First awarded1955
Most recent winnerZero Gravity Newspaper (RiverFlow, Ling Shizhen)
Websitethehugoawards.org
Ira and Susan accepting the 2017 Hugo Award for Best Fanzine for Lady Business

The Hugo Award for Best Fanzine is given each year for non professionally edited magazines, or "fanzines", related to science fiction or fantasy which has published four or more issues with at least one issue appearing in the previous calendar year.[1] Awards were also once given out for professional magazines in the professional magazine category, and since 1984 have been awarded for semi-professional magazines in the semiprozine category; several magazines that were nominated for or won the fanzine category have gone on to be nominated for or win the semiprozine category since it was established. The Hugo Awards have been described as "a fine showcase for speculative fiction" and "the best known literary award for science fiction writing".[2][3]

The award was first presented in 1955, and has been given annually since except for in 1958. A "fanzine" is defined for the award as a magazine that does not meet the Hugo award's criteria for a professional or semi-professional magazine. Specifically, it must meet less than two of the five Hugo criteria for consideration as a semiprozine: that the magazine had an average press run of at least one thousand copies per issue, paid its contributors and/or staff in other than copies of the publication, provided at least half the income of any one person, had at least fifteen percent of its total space occupied by advertising, and announced itself to be a semiprozine.[4] This is the oldest long-running Hugo award for fan activity; in 1967 Hugo Awards were added specifically for fan writing and fan art. In addition to the regular Hugo awards, beginning in 1996 Retrospective Hugo Awards, or "Retro Hugos", have been available to be awarded for years 50, 75, or 100 years prior in which no awards were given.[5] To date, Retro Hugo awards have been awarded for 1939, 1941, 1943—1946, 1951, and 1954, and the fanzine category has been included each year.[6]

During the 76 nomination years, including Retro Hugo years, 138 magazines run by hundreds of editors have been nominated. Of these, 44 magazines have won, including ties. File 770 and Locus have each won 8 times, the most wins of any magazine. File 770 also holds the record for most nominations at 31; Locus has been nominated 13 times. Mimosa has won 6 of 14 nominations, Ansible has won 5 out of 11, and Science Fiction Review has won 4 of 12; they are the only other magazines to win more than twice. Challenger has the most nominations without winning at 12; the next highest is FOSFAX with 7. As editor of Locus Charles N. Brown has won 8 of 13 nominations, though he shared 8 of those awards with Dena Brown. Richard E. Geis has won 6 of 15 nominations for his work on Science Fiction Review, Psychotic, and The Alien Critic; Mike Glyer has won 8 of 31 for editing File 770; David Langford has won 5 of 12 for work on Ansible and Twil-Ddu; and Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch have both won 6 of 14 nominations for Mimosa. Guy H. Lillian III has the most nominations without winning at 12 for Challenger.

Selection

Hugo Award nominees and winners are chosen by supporting or attending members of the annual World Science Fiction Convention (Worldcon), and the presentation evening constitutes its central event. The selection process is defined in the World Science Fiction Society Constitution as instant-runoff voting with six nominees, except in the case of a tie. The works on the ballot are the six most-nominated by members that year, with no limit on the number of works that can be nominated. The 1955 and 1956 awards did not include any recognition of runner-up magazines, but since 1957 all of the candidates were recorded.[5] Initial nominations are made by members in January through March, while voting on the ballot of six nominations is performed roughly in April through July, subject to change depending on when that year's Worldcon is held.[7] Prior to 2017, the final ballot was five works; it was changed that year to six, with each initial nominator limited to five nominations.[8] Worldcons are generally held near the start of September, and are held in a different city around the world each year.[9][10]

Winners and nominees

In the following table, the years correspond to the date of the ceremony, rather than when the work was first published. Each date links to the "year in literature" article corresponding with when the work was eligible. Entries with a blue background won the award for that year; those with a white background are the other nominees on the short-list.

Note that six magazines are listed under multiple names: Psychotic was later renamed to Science Fiction Review, Zenith was renamed to Zenith Speculation and later to Speculation, Algol was renamed to Starship, Tangent was renamed to Tangent Online when it switched from a print magazine to an online one, Cry of the Nameless, a club bulletin for "The Nameless Ones", was renamed to Cry when it began publishing more general material, and Nerds of a feather, flock together was shortened to Nerds of a feather. No other magazines have been nominated under multiple names.[11][12][13] Those magazines are sorted under the first name they were nominated as.

  *   Winners and joint winners

Winners and nominees
Year Work Editor(s) Ref.
1955 Fantasy-Times*James V. Taurasi, Sr. and Ray Van Houten [14]
1956 Inside*Ron Smith [15]
Science Fiction Advertiser*Ron Smith [15]
A BasBoyd Raeburn [15]
Fantasy-TimesJames V. Taurasi, Sr. and Ray Van Houten [15]
GrueDean Grennell [15]
HyphenWalt Willis and Chuck Harris [15]
ObliqueCliff Gould [15]
PeonCharles Lee Riddle [15]
PsychoticRichard E. Geis [15]
Sky HookRedd Boggs [15]
1957 Science-Fiction Times*James V. Taurasi, Sr., Ray Van Houten and Frank R. Prieto, Jr. [16]
HyphenWalt Willis and Chuck Harris [16]
InsideRon Smith [16]
1959 Fanac*Terry Carr and Ron Ellik [17]
Cry of the NamelessF. M. Busby, Elinor Busby, Burnett Toskey and Wally Weber [17]
HyphenWalt Willis and Chuck Harris [17]
JD-ArgassyLynn A. Hickman [17]
Science-Fiction TimesJames V. Taurasi, Sr., Ray Van Houten and Frank R. Prieto, Jr. [17]
YandroRobert Coulson and Juanita Coulson [17]
1960 Cry of the Nameless*F. M. Busby, Elinor Busby, Burnett Toskey and Wally Weber [18]
FanacTerry Carr and Ron Ellik [18]
JD-ArgassyLynn A. Hickman [18]
Science-Fiction TimesJames V. Taurasi, Sr., Ray Van Houten and Frank R. Prieto, Jr. [18]
YandroRobert Coulson and Juanita Coulson [18]
1961 Who Killed Science Fiction?*Earl Kemp [19]
DiscordRedd Boggs [19]
FanacTerry Carr and Ron Ellik [19]
HabakkukBill Donaho [19]
Shangri L'AffairesBjo Trimble and John Trimble [19]
YandroRobert Coulson and Juanita Coulson [19]
1962 Warhoon*Richard Bergeron [20]
AmraGeorge H. Scithers [20]
AxeLarry T. Shaw and Noreen Shaw [20]
CryF. M. Busby, Elinor Busby, and Wally Weber [20]
YandroRobert Coulson and Juanita Coulson [20]
1963 Xero*Richard A. Lupoff and Pat Lupoff [21]
MirageJack L. Chalker [21]
Shangri L'AffairesFred Patten, Albert Lewis, Bjo Trimble, and John Trimble [21]
WarhoonRichard Bergeron [21]
YandroRobert Coulson and Juanita Coulson [21]
1964 Amra*George H. Scithers [22]
ERB-domCamille Cazedessus, Jr. [22]
StarspinkleRon Ellik [22]
YandroRobert Coulson and Juanita Coulson [22]
1965 Yandro*Robert Coulson and Juanita Coulson [23]
Double: BillBill Bowers and Bill Mallardi [23]
ZenithPeter R. Weston [23]
1966 ERB-dom*Camille Cazedessus, Jr. [24]
Double: BillBill Bowers and Bill Mallardi [24]
NiekasEdmund R. Meskys and Felice Rolfe [24]
YandroRobert Coulson and Juanita Coulson [24]
Zenith SpeculationPeter R. Weston [24]
1967 Niekas*Edmund R. Meskys and Felice Rolfe [25]
Australian SF ReviewJohn Bangsund [25]
LighthouseTerry Carr [25]
HabakkukBill Donaho [25]
Riverside QuarterlyLeland Sapiro [25]
TrumpetTom Reamy [25]
YandroRobert Coulson and Juanita Coulson [25]
1968 Amra*George H. Scithers [26]
Australian SF ReviewJohn Bangsund [26]
LighthouseTerry Carr [26]
ODDRaymond Fisher [26]
PsychoticRichard E. Geis [26]
YandroRobert Coulson and Juanita Coulson [26]
1969 Science Fiction Review*Richard E. Geis [27]
Riverside QuarterlyLeland Sapiro [27]
Shangri L'AffairesKen Rudolph [27]
TrumpetTom Reamy [27]
WarhoonRichard Bergeron [27]
1970 Science Fiction Review*Richard E. Geis [28]
BeABohemaFrank Lunney [28]
LocusCharles N. Brown [28]
Riverside QuarterlyLeland Sapiro [28]
SpeculationPeter R. Weston [28]
1971 Locus*Charles N. Brown and Dena Brown [29]
EnergumenMichael Glicksohn and Susan Wood Glicksohn [29]
OutworldsBill Bowers and Joan Bowers [29]
Science Fiction ReviewRichard E. Geis [29]
SpeculationPeter R. Weston [29]
1972 Locus*Charles N. Brown and Dena Brown [30]
EnergumenMichael Glicksohn and Susan Wood Glicksohn [30]
GranfalloonRon Bushyager and Linda Bushyager [30]
SF CommentaryBruce Gillespie [30]
1973 Energumen*Michael Glicksohn and Susan Wood Glicksohn [31]
AlgolAndrew I. Porter [31]
GranfalloonRon Bushyager and Linda Bushyager [31]
LocusCharles N. Brown and Dena Brown [31]
SF CommentaryBruce Gillespie [31]
1974 The Alien Critic*Richard E. Geis [32]
Algol*Andrew I. Porter [32]
LocusCharles N. Brown and Dena Brown [32]
OutworldsBill Bowers and Joan Bowers [32]
1975 The Alien Critic*Richard E. Geis [33]
AlgolAndrew I. Porter [33]
LocusCharles N. Brown and Dena Brown [33]
OutworldsBill Bowers and Joan Bowers [33]
SF CommentaryBruce Gillespie [33]
StarlingHank Luttrell and Lesleigh Luttrell [33]
1976 Locus*Charles N. Brown and Dena Brown [34]
AlgolAndrew I. Porter [34]
Don-O-SaurDon C. Thompson [34]
OutworldsBill Bowers [34]
Science Fiction ReviewRichard E. Geis [34]
1977 Science Fiction Review*Richard E. Geis [35]
LocusCharles N. Brown and Dena Brown [35]
MythologiesDon D'Ammassa [35]
OutworldsBill Bowers [35]
The Spanish InquisitionSuzanne Tompkins and Jerry Kaufman [35]
1978 Locus*Charles N. Brown and Dena Brown [36]
Don-O-SaurDon C. Thompson [36]
JanusJanice Bogstad and Jeanne Gomoll [36]
MayaRob Jackson [36]
Science Fiction ReviewRichard E. Geis [36]
1979 Science Fiction Review*Richard E. Geis [37]
JanusJanice Bogstad and Jeanne Gomoll [37]
MayaRob Jackson [37]
MotaTerry Hughes [37]
Twll-DduDavid Langford [37]
1980 Locus*Charles N. Brown [38]
File 770Mike Glyer [38]
JanusJanice Bogstad and Jeanne Gomoll [38]
Science Fiction ReviewRichard E. Geis [38]
ThrustDoug Fratz [38]
1981 Locus*Charles N. Brown [39]
File 770Mike Glyer [39]
Science Fiction ChronicleAndrew I. Porter [39]
Science Fiction ReviewRichard E. Geis [39]
StarshipAndrew I. Porter [39]
1982 Locus*Charles N. Brown [40]
File 770Mike Glyer [40]
Science Fiction ChronicleAndrew I. Porter [40]
Science Fiction ReviewRichard E. Geis [40]
1983 Locus*Charles N. Brown [41]
Fantasy NewsletterRobert A. Collins [41]
File 770Mike Glyer [41]
Science Fiction ChronicleAndrew I. Porter [41]
Science Fiction ReviewRichard E. Geis [41]
1984 File 770*Mike Glyer [42]
AnsibleDavid Langford [42]
Holier Than ThouMarty Cantor and Robbie Cantor [42]
IzzardPatrick Nielsen Hayden and Teresa Nielsen Hayden [42]
The Philk Fee-Nom-Ee-NonPaul J. Willett [42]
1985 File 770*Mike Glyer [43]
AnsibleDavid Langford [43]
Holier Than ThouMarty Cantor and Robbie Cantor [43]
MythologiesDon D'Ammassa [43]
RataplanLeigh Edmonds [43]
1986 Lan's Lantern*George "Lan" Laskowski [44]
AnvilCharlotte Proctor [44]
Greater Columbia Fantasy Costumers Guild NewsletterBobby Gear [44]
Holier Than ThouMarty Cantor and Robbie Cantor [44]
Universal TranslatorSusan Bridges [44]
1987 Ansible*David Langford [45]
File 770Mike Glyer [45]
Lan's LanternGeorge "Lan" Laskowski [45]
Texas SF InquirerPat Mueller [45]
Trap DoorRobert Lichtman [45]
1988 Texas SF Inquirer*Pat Mueller [46]
File 770Mike Glyer [46]
FOSFAXTimothy Lane [46]
Lan's LanternGeorge "Lan" Laskowski [46]
The Mad 3 PartyLeslie Turek [46]
1989 File 770*Mike Glyer [47]
FOSFAXTimothy Lane [47]
Lan's LanternGeorge "Lan" Laskowski [47]
NiekasEdmund R. Meskys [47]
OtherRealmsChuq Von Rospach [47]
1990 The Mad 3 Party*Leslie Turek [48]
File 770Mike Glyer [48]
FOSFAXTimothy Lane [48]
Lan's LanternGeorge "Lan" Laskowski [48]
Pirate JennyPat Mueller [48]
1991 Lan's Lantern*George "Lan" Laskowski [49]
File 770Mike Glyer [49]
FOSFAXTimothy Lane and Janice Moore [49]
MainstreamJerry Kaufman and Suzanne Tompkins [49]
MimosaRichard Lynch and Nicki Lynch [49]
1992 Mimosa*Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch [50]
File 770Mike Glyer [50]
FOSFAXTimothy Lane and Janice Moore [50]
Lan's LanternGeorge "Lan" Laskowski [50]
Trap DoorRobert Lichtman [50]
1993 Mimosa*Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch [51]
File 770Mike Glyer [51]
FOSFAXTimothy Lane and Janice Moore [51]
Lan's LanternGeorge "Lan" Laskowski [51]
STETLeah Zeldes Smith and Dick Smith [51]
1994 Mimosa*Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch [52]
AnsibleDavid Langford [52]
File 770Mike Glyer [52]
Lan's LanternGeorge "Lan" Laskowski [52]
STETLeah Zeldes Smith and Dick Smith [52]
1995 Ansible*David Langford [53]
File 770Mike Glyer [53]
HabakkukBill Donaho [53]
Lan's LanternGeorge "Lan" Laskowski [53]
MimosaRichard Lynch and Nicki Lynch [53]
1996 Ansible*David Langford [54]
ApparatchikAndrew Hooper and Victor Gonzalez [54]
AttitudeMichael Abbott, John Dallman, and Pam Wells [54]
FOSFAXTimothy Lane and Elizabeth Garrott [54]
Lan's LanternGeorge "Lan" Laskowski [54]
MimosaRichard Lynch and Nicki Lynch [54]
1997 Mimosa*Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch [55]
AnsibleDavid Langford [55]
File 770Mike Glyer [55]
Nova ExpressLawrence Person [55]
TangentDavid Truesdale [55]
1998 Mimosa*Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch [56]
AnsibleDavid Langford [56]
AttitudeMichael Abbott, John Dallman, and Pam Wells [56]
File 770Mike Glyer [56]
TangentDavid Truesdale [56]
1999 Ansible*David Langford [57]
File 770Mike Glyer [57]
MimosaRichard Lynch and Nicki Lynch [57]
PloktaAlison Scott, Steve Davies, and Mike Scott [57]
TangentDavid Truesdale [57]
ThymeAlan Stewart [57]
2000 File 770*Mike Glyer [58]
AnsibleDavid Langford [58]
ChallengerGuy H. Lillian III [58]
MimosaRichard Lynch and Nicki Lynch [58]
PloktaAlison Scott, Steve Davies, and Mike Scott [58]
2001 File 770*Mike Glyer [59]
ChallengerGuy H. Lillian III [59]
MimosaRichard Lynch and Nicki Lynch [59]
PloktaAlison Scott, Steve Davies, and Mike Scott [59]
STETLeah Zeldes Smith and Dick Smith [59]
2002 Ansible*David Langford [60]
ChallengerGuy H. Lillian III [60]
File 770Mike Glyer [60]
MimosaRichard Lynch and Nicki Lynch [60]
PloktaAlison Scott, Steve Davies, and Mike Scott [60]
2003 Mimosa*Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch [61]
ChallengerGuy H. Lillian III [61]
Emerald CityCheryl Morgan [61]
File 770Mike Glyer [61]
PloktaAlison Scott, Steve Davies, and Mike Scott [61]
2004 Emerald City*Cheryl Morgan [62]
ChallengerGuy H. Lillian III [62]
File 770Mike Glyer [62]
MimosaRichard Lynch and Nicki Lynch [62]
PloktaAlison Scott, Steve Davies, and Mike Scott [62]
2005 Plokta*Alison Scott, Steve Davies, and Mike Scott [63]
Banana WingsClaire Brialey and Mark Plummer [63]
ChallengerGuy H. Lillian III [63]
ChungaRandy Byers, Andy Hooper, and Carl Juarez [63]
Emerald CityCheryl Morgan [63]
2006 Plokta*Alison Scott, Steve Davies, and Mike Scott [64]
Banana WingsClaire Brialey and Mark Plummer [64]
ChallengerGuy H. Lillian III [64]
ChungaRandy Byers, Andy Hooper, and Carl Juarez [64]
File 770Mike Glyer [64]
2007 Science-Fiction Five-Yearly*Lee Hoffman, Geri Sullivan, and Randy Byers [65]
Banana WingsClaire Brialey and Mark Plummer [65]
ChallengerGuy H. Lillian III [65]
The Drink TankChristopher Garcia [65]
PloktaAlison Scott, Steve Davies, and Mike Scott [65]
2008 File 770*Mike Glyer [66]
ArgentusSteven H Silver [66]
ChallengerGuy H. Lillian III [66]
The Drink TankChristopher Garcia [66]
PloktaAlison Scott, Steve Davies, and Mike Scott [66]
2009 Electric Velocipede*John Klima [67]
ArgentusSteven H Silver [67]
Banana WingsClaire Brialey and Mark Plummer [67]
ChallengerGuy H. Lillian III [67]
The Drink TankChristopher Garcia [67]
File 770Mike Glyer [67]
2010 StarShipSofa*Tony C. Smith [68]
ArgentusSteven H Silver [68]
Banana WingsClaire Brialey and Mark Plummer [68]
ChallengerGuy H. Lillian III [68]
The Drink TankChristopher Garcia and James Bacon [68]
File 770Mike Glyer [68]
2011 The Drink Tank*Christopher Garcia and James Bacon [69]
Banana WingsClaire Brialey and Mark Plummer [69]
ChallengerGuy H. Lillian III [69]
File 770Mike Glyer [69]
StarShipSofaTony C. Smith [69]
2012 SF Signal*John DeNardo [70]
Banana WingsClaire Brialey and Mark Plummer [70]
The Drink TankChristopher Garcia and James Bacon [70]
File 770Mike Glyer [70]
Journey PlanetJames Bacon and Christopher Garcia [70]
2013 SF Signal*John DeNardo, JP Frantz, and Patrick Hester [71]
Banana WingsClaire Brialey and Mark Plummer [71]
The Drink TankChristopher Garcia and James Bacon [71]
Elitist Book ReviewsSteven Diamond [71]
Journey PlanetJames Bacon, Christopher Garcia, Emma J. King, Helen J. Montgomery, and Pete Young [71]
2014 A Dribble of Ink*Aidan Moher [72]
The Book SmugglersAna Grilo and Thea James [72]
Elitist Book ReviewsSteven Diamond [72]
Journey PlanetJames Bacon, Christopher Garcia, Lynda E. Rucker, Pete Young, Colin Harris, and Helen J. Montgomery [72]
PornokitschAnne C. Perry and Jared Shurin [72]
2015 Journey Planet*James Bacon, Christopher J Garcia, Colin Harris, Alissa McKersie, and Helen J. Montgomery [73]
Black Gate[Note 1]John O'Neill [73]
Elitist Book ReviewsSteven Diamond [73]
The Revenge of Hump DayTim Bolgeo [73]
Tangent OnlineDave Truesdale [73]
2016 File 770*Mike Glyer [74]
Castalia House BlogJeffro Johnson [74]
Lady BusinessClare, Ira, Jodie, KJ, Renay, and Susan [74]
Superversive SFJason Rennie [74]
Tangent OnlineDave Truesdale [74]
2017 Lady Business*Clare, Ira, Jodie, KJ, Renay, and Susan [75]
Castalia House BlogJeffro Johnson [75]
Journey PlanetJames Bacon, Christopher J Garcia, Esther MacCallum-Stewart, Helena Nash, Errick Nunnally, Pádraig Ó Méalóid, Chuck Serface, and Erin Underwood [75]
Nerds of a feather, flock togetherThe G, Vance Kotrla, and Joe Sherry [75]
Rocket Stack RankGreg Hullender and Eric Wong [75]
SF BluestockingBridget McKinney [75]
2018 File 770*Mike Glyer [76]
Galactic JourneyGideon Marcus [76]
Journey PlanetTeam Journey Planet [76]
Nerds of a feather, flock togetherThe G, Vance Kotrla, and Joe Sherry [76]
Rocket Stack RankGreg Hullender and Eric Wong [76]
SF BluestockingBridget McKinney [76]
2019 Lady Business*Ira, Jodie, KJ, Renay, and Susan [77]
Galactic JourneyGideon Marcus and Janice Marcus [77]
Journey PlanetTeam Journey Planet [77]
Nerds of a feather, flock togetherJoe Sherry, Vance Kotrla, and The G [77]
Quick Sip ReviewsCharles Payseur [77]
Rocket Stack RankGreg Hullender and Eric Wong [77]
2020 The Book Smugglers*Ana Grilo and Thea James [78]
Galactic JourneyGideon Marcus, Janice Marcus, Rosemary Benton, Lorelei Marcus, Victoria Silverwolf [78]
Journey PlanetJames Bacon, Christopher J. Garcia, Alissa McKersie, Ann Gry, Chuck Serface, John Coxon, Steven H Silver [78]
Nerds of a feather, flock togetherAdri Joy, Joe Sherry, Vance Kotrla, The G [78]
Quick Sip ReviewsCharles Payseur [78]
The Rec CenterElizabeth Minkel, Gavia Baker-Whitelaw [78]
2021 Nerds of a feather, flock together*Adri Joy, Joe Sherry, Vance Kotrla, The G [79]
The Full LidAlasdair Stuart, Marguerite Kenner [79]
Journey PlanetMichael Carroll et al. [79]
Lady BusinessIra, Jodie, KJ, Renay, and Susan [79]
Quick Sip ReviewsCharles Payseur [79]
Unofficial Hugo Book Club BlogAmanda Wakaruk, Olav Rokne [79]
2022 Small Gods*Lee Moyer, Seanan McGuire [80]
The Full LidAlasdair Stuart, Marguerite Kenner [80]
Galactic JourneyGideon Marcus Janice L. Newman, Gwyn Conaway, Jason Sacks, John Boston [80]
Journey PlanetErin Underwood et al. [80]
Quick Sip ReviewsCharles Payseur [80]
Unofficial Hugo Book Club BlogAmanda Wakaruk, Olav Rokne [80]
2023 Zero Gravity Newspaper*RiverFlow, Ling Shizhen [81]
Chinese Academic SF ExpressLatssep, Tianluo_Qi [81]
Galactic JourneyGideon Marcus, Janice Marcus, Tammi Bozich, Erica Frank, Arel Lucas, and Mark Yon [81]
Journey PlanetRegina Kanyu Wang, Yen Ooi, Arthur Liu, Jean Martin, Erin Underwood, Steven H Silver, Pádraig Ó Méalóid et al. [81]
Nerds of a FeatherRoseanna Pendlebury, Arturo Serrano, Paul Weimer, Adri Joy, Joe Sherry, Vance Kotrla, G. Brown [81]
Unofficial Hugo Book Club BlogOlav Rokne, Amanda Wakaruk [81]

Retro Hugos

Beginning with the 1996 Worldcon, the World Science Fiction Society created the concept of "Retro Hugos", in which the Hugo award could be retroactively awarded for years 50, 75, or 100 years before the current year, if no awards were originally given that year.[5] Retro Hugos have been awarded eight times, for 1939, 1941, 1943—1946, 1951, and 1954.[Note 2][6]

Retro Hugo winners and nominees
Year Year awarded Work Editor(s) Ref.
1939 2014 Imagination!*Forrest J Ackerman, Morojo, and T. Bruce Yerke [82]
Fantascience DigestRobert A. Madle [82]
Fantasy NewsJames V. Taurasi [82]
Novae TerraeMaurice K. Hanson [82]
TomorrowDouglas W. F. Mayer [82]
1941 2016 Futuria Fantasia*Ray Bradbury [83]
Le ZombieWilson Tucker [83]
NovaciousForrest J Ackerman, Morojo [83]
SpacewaysHarry Warner, Jr. [83]
Voice of the Imagi-NationForrest J Ackerman, Myrtle R. Douglas [83]
1943 2018 Le Zombie*Wilson Tucker [84]
Futurian War DigestJ. Michael Rosenblum [84]
InspirationLynn Bridges [84]
The PhantagraphDonald A. Wollheim [84]
SpacewaysHarry Warner, Jr. [84]
Voice of the Imagi-NationForrest J Ackerman, Myrtle R. Douglas [84]
1944 2019 Le Zombie*Wilson Tucker [85]
Futurian War DigestJ. Michael Rosenblum [85]
GutetoMyrtle R. Douglas [85]
The PhantagraphDonald A. Wollheim [85]
Voice of the Imagi-NationForrest J Ackerman, Myrtle R. Douglas [85]
YHOSArt Widner [85]
1945 2020 Voice of the Imagi-Nation*Forrest J Ackerman, Myrtle R. Douglas [86]
The AcolyteFrancis Towner Laney, Samuel D. Russell [86]
DiablerieBill Watson [86]
Futurian War DigestJ. Michael Rosenblum [86]
Shangri L'AffairesCharles E. Burbee [86]
Le ZombieWilson Tucker, E. E. Evans [86]
1946 1996 Voice of the Imagi-Nation*Forrest J Ackerman [87]
The AcolyteFrancis Towner Laney [87]
ChanticleerWalt Liebscher [87]
Fantasy CommentatorA. Langley Searles [87]
Shangri L'AffairesCharles E. Burbee and Gerald Hewitt [87]
1951 2001 Science Fiction Newsletter*Wilson Tucker [88]
The FanscientDonald B. Day [88]
QuandryLee Hoffman [88]
Sky HookRedd Boggs [88]
SlantWalt Willis and James White [88]
SpacewarpArt Rapp [88]
1954 2004 Slant*Walt Willis and James White [89]
HyphenWalt Willis and Chuck Harris [89]
QuandryLee Hoffman [89]
Science Fiction NewsletterWilson Tucker [89]
Sky HookRedd Boggs [89]

Notes

  1. Black Gate attempted to withdraw themselves from the 2015 ballot, stating that the prevalence of nominees that year from voting slates, including one which the fanzine had been on, de-legitimized the nominations. While other nominees that year in other categories also withdrew for the same reason, Black Gate's request came after the ballot was finalized and was not accepted, though a note of their intention to withdraw was made on the ballot itself.
  2. Although no "Best Fanzine" Hugo was awarded at the 1958 convention, Hugos were awarded in other categories, hence there was no "Retro Hugo" for 1958 awarded in 2008.

References

  1. "The World Science Fiction Society Rules 1971". World Science Fiction Society. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-05-19.
  2. Jordison, Sam (2008-08-07). "An International Contest We Can Win". The Guardian. London, England. Archived from the original on 2009-07-29. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
  3. Cleaver, Emily (2010-04-20). "Hugo Awards Announced". Litro Magazine. London, England: Ocean Media. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
  4. "The Hugo Awards: Hugo Award Categories". World Science Fiction Society. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
  5. 1 2 3 "The Hugo Awards: FAQ". World Science Fiction Society. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-20.
  6. 1 2 "The Locus index to SF Awards: About the Retro Hugo Awards". Locus. Oakland, California: Locus. Archived from the original on 2010-01-03. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
  7. "The Hugo Awards: Introduction". World Science Fiction Society. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-20.
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