Hyoscyamus albus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Genus: Hyoscyamus
Species:
H. albus
Binomial name
Hyoscyamus albus
L.

Hyoscyamus albus, the white henbane[1] or yellow henbane, is a plant in the family of Solanaceae.[2][3][4] It is native to Southern Europe, North Africa, West Asia and Macaronesia.[5]

Description

Erect plant 20-80 cm tall, sticky and covered with glandular-woolly hairs. All leaves stalked, ovate, bluntly sinuately toothed, Flowers 3 cm across, only the lowest ones stalked, in dense, leafy spike-like inflorescences, the flowers mostly facing the same way. Corolla tubular to bell-shaped, almost regular, with 5 lobes, glandular hairy outside, usually yellowish white, the throat green or purple. Anthers not or only slightly protruding. Calyx densely glandular-woolly 2-2.5 cm long at fruiting-time. Slightly poisonous plant. Flowers March to September. Waste ground, road sides, on walls, often near and in settlements, villages, towns, ancient sites. Mediterranean region, Canary Islands, eastwards to S. Russia and Iraq.[6]

Medicinal use

In the mythological tradition the discovery of the hallucinogenic properties of white henbane (Hyoscyamus albus) has been attributed to the Greek divine hero Heracles. Doctors of the Hippocratic school of medicine gave an infusion of the seeds in wine in cases of fever, tetanus and female disorders, for example, where paralysis occurred after childbirth, Dioscorides used both seed and leaves pounded and soaked with hot water to deaden pain and preferred white henbane (Hyoscyamus albus) to other species more likely to cause madness and induce sleep. [7]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hyoscyamus albus.
  1. ↑ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Hyoscyamus albus". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2017-04-24.
  2. ↑ Thomas Meyer: Weißes Bilsenkraut. Datenblatt mit Bestimmungsschlüssel.
  3. ↑ Ehrentraud Bayer, Karl-Peter Buttler, Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Pflanzen des Mittelmeerraums. Mosaik Verlag GmbH, München 1986.
  4. ↑ "Factsheet - *Hyoscyamus albus". Flora.sa.gov.au. 1976-10-13. Retrieved 2017-04-24.
  5. ↑ "Hyoscyamus albus" (PDF). Flora Iberica. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
  6. ↑ Collins Photoguide to the Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean by Ingrid & Peter Schönfelder - 1990 edition- ISBN 0-00-219863-0
  7. ↑ Greek Wild Flowers and plant lore in ancient Greece by Hellmut Baumann - The Herbert Press - 1993 edition - ISBN 1-871569-57-5
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