IC 418
Emission nebula
Planetary nebula
A false color image of IC 418 (the spirograph nebula).
Observation data: J2000 epoch
Right ascension05h 27m 28.2037s[1]
Declination−12° 41′ 50.265″[1]
Distance3.6 ± 1.0 kly (1100 ± 300 pc)[2] ly
Apparent magnitude (V)9.6[1]
Apparent dimensions (V)3.5″x5.5"/11"x14"/150"/220"x250"[3]
ConstellationLepus
Physical characteristics
Radius0.15 ly
Absolute magnitude (V)-
Notable features-
DesignationsSpirograph Nebula

IC 418, also known as the Spirograph Nebula, is a planetary nebula located in the constellation of Lepus about 3,600 ly away from Earth. It spans 0.3 light-years across. The central star of the planetary nebula, HD 35914, is an O-type star with a spectral type of O7fp.[4] The nebula formed a few thousand years ago during the stars last stages of its red giant phase. Material from the star’s outer layers was ejected from the star into the surrounding space. The nebula’s glow is caused by the central star’s ultraviolet radiation interacting with the gas.[5]

The nebula gets it colors from the different chemical elements inside the nebula. The red color is nitrogen (the coldest gas in the nebula), the green is hydrogen and the traces of blue are the ionized oxygen gas (the hottest gas in the nebula due to its proximity to the central star).[6]

Naming

The name derives from the intricate pattern of the nebula, which resembles a pattern which can be created using the Spirograph, a toy that produces geometric patterns (specifically, hypotrochoids and epitrochoids) on paper. The origin of the Spirograph pattern is unknown.[7]

References

  1. 1 2 3 "IC 418". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2006-12-22.
  2. ↑ Guzmán, Lizette; Loinard, Laurent; Gómez, Yolanda; Morisset, Christophe (2009). "Expansion Parallax of the Planetary Nebula IC 418". The Astronomical Journal. 138 (1): 46–49. arXiv:0905.0021. Bibcode:2009AJ....138...46G. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/138/1/46. S2CID 17714722.
  3. ↑ Ramos-Larios, G.; et al. (2012). "Discovery of multiple shells around the planetary nebula IC 418". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 423 (4): 3753–3760. arXiv:1204.5816. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.423.3753R. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21165.x. S2CID 118442646.
  4. ↑ González-Santamaría, I.; Manteiga, M.; Manchado, A.; Ulla, A.; Dafonte, C.; López Varela, P. (2021). "Planetary nebulae in Gaia EDR3: Central star identification, properties, and binarity". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 656: A51. arXiv:2109.12114. Bibcode:2021A&A...656A..51G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141916. S2CID 237940344.
  5. ↑ "Spirograph Nebula (IC 418)". www.esa.int. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
  6. ↑ "Hubble's Spirograph - NASA Science". science.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
  7. ↑ information@eso.org. "The Spirograph Nebula". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
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