Southern
San
RegionBurkina Faso, Mali
Native speakers
(230,000 cited 1995–1999)[1]
Niger–Congo
  • Mande
    • Eastern Mande
      • Bissa–Busa
        • Samo–Busa
          • Southern
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
stj – Matya
sym – Maya
sbd – Southern
Glottologmand1437
Majority areas of Samo speakers, in grey, on a map of Burkina Faso

Samo (Sane, San, Sa), also known as Mande Samo, is a dialect cluster of Niger-Congo languages spoken in Burkina Faso and Mali.

Varieties

Intelligibility between Samo varieties is low. The following have been coded as separate languages:[2]

Demographics

Samo dialect populations and locations:[4]

DialectRegionPopulation (1985)Population (2001[5])
MakaSouthern, surrounding Toma61,88384,996
MatyaNorthwest, to the west and north of Tougan (excluding Toéni area)33,67546,252
MatyaFar Northwest (Toéni region)9,94213,655
MayaNortheast, surrounding Kiembara and Bangassogo38,39352,732
allTotal143,893197,635

List of Samo villages organised by department and dialect:[4]

DialectProvinceDepartmentVillages
MakaMouhounTchéribaBissandérou, Orobié, Youbou
MakaNayalaGassanDieré, Djimbara, Gassan, Labara, Laré, Moara, Téri
MakaNayalaGossinaBosson, Boun, Gossina, Kalabo, Koayo, Le Koun, Madamao, Massako, Naboro, Nianonkoré, Nypon, Sui, Tandou, Tarba, Zebassé
MakaNayalaKougnyGoin, Gougnan, Gouri, Kamba, Kibiri, Kougny, Niaré, Nimina, Sébéré, Tiouma
MakaNayalaTomaGoa, Goussi, Koin, Kola, Konti, Niemé, Nyon, Pankélé, Samba, Sawa, Sien, Siepa, To, Toma, Yayo, Zouma
MakaNayalaYabaBiba, Bo, Bounou, Kéra, Kisson, La, Loguin, Sapala, Saran, Siena, Tiema, Tosson, Yaba
MatyaSourouDiBenkadi, Poura
MatyaSourouKassoumBangassi, Bao, Bassam, Bonro, Diele, Doussoula, Fialla, Fian, Fianra, Kankani, Kassoum, Koularé, Kourani, Mara-Grand, Mara-Petit, Ourkoum, P’Nare, Peni, Sorona, Soumara Boumba, Soumarani, Tianra, Tiao, Tombila, Toungourou, Wawara
MatyaSourouLanfiéraGuiedougou, Lanfiéra
MatyaSourouTouganDa, Dimboro, Diouroum, Dissi, Gonou, Gosson, Kassan, Kawara, Kouy, Nassan, Tougan, Tourgare, Zinzin
Matya?SourouToéniDagale, Domoni, Dounkou, Gome, Gon, Gorguéré, Kware-Manguel, Kware-Toksel, Louta, Toéni
MayaSourouGomboroGanagoulo, Gomboro, Konga, Sia
MayaSourouKiembaraBangassogo, Gan, Goueré, Gouyalle, Kiembara, Ouelle
MayaSourouLankouéLankoué Samo, Rassouli, Tourouba
MayaSourouToéniSanan, Sanga, Semé
MayaSourouTouganBonou, Bouare, Boussoum, Daka, Guimou, Niankore, Touare, Yéguéré

Sample vocabulary

Sample basic vocabulary of Samo dialects:[4]

VillageDialecteyeearnosetoothtonguemouthbloodbonewatertreeeat
TomaMakajǐtoɲɛ̃sɔlɛwɔlɛmɑ̀wɛmúdɑɑ̀mɑ́mbíː
KouyMatyajɛrːɛtorojiːnisɔ̃ːnɛnɛnɛlɛmɪjɑ̀jɛrɛmúdɑ́ɑnebɑ́rè
KassoumMatyaɲɑ́ntoroɲúsɔ̃nnɛnɛlɛmɪjɑ̀jɛrmũdɑ́ɑ̀nèbɛrɛ
ToéniMatyajɛtorojísɛnɛnlimɑ̌ːwɑmũjidɑ̀mɑːbɛ̀rɛ̀
BounouMayaɲoːnì; jɛrɛtoroɲinijɛrɛsoleːnèlɛmɑ̌jɑremudɑɑfɑ́bjèrè
KiembaraMayaɲɛ́nɛ̀nɛ̀tɔrɔɲìnísolɛ́lɑ̀ːnɑ̀lɛ́mɑ̌ːjɛ̀rɛ̀mṹdɑ́ɑ̀gɑ̀bɛ̀rɛ̀
BangassogoMayajeretorojindìsoleleneleɲɑ̀mɑwɛrɛmújídɑɑbɑ́brì
LankouéMayajɛrɛtorosindesɔ̀lemìnìlɛjõ̀mɑwɛrɛmújidɑ̀ɑbɑbɛ̀rɛ̀

Writing System

Southern Samo alphabet[6]
abcde ɛəfik kplmnŋ oɔprs tuwy
Maya Samo alphabet [7]
abcde ɛfghi ɩjkl
mnɲoɔ prstu ʋwyz

Notes and references

  1. ↑ Matya at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Maya at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Southern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ↑ "Burkina Faso". Ethnologue, 22nd edition. Retrieved 2019-09-25.
  3. ↑ The Seenku a.k.a. Sembla language is also called 'Southern Samo'.
  4. 1 2 3 Berthelette, John (2002). Survey report on the San (Samo) language. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2002-005. (PDF)
  5. ↑ Estimate, with 2.68% annual increase
  6. ↑ "Dictionnaire San du sud » Alphabet".
  7. ↑ ANTBA2011.

Works cited

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