The Indirect approach is a military strategy described and chronicled by B. H. Liddell Hart after World War I. It was an attempt to find a solution to the problem of high casualty rates in conflict zones with high force to space ratios, such as the Western Front on which he served. The strategy calls for armies to advance along the line of least resistance.[1]

Quotations

From Liddell Hart

"Throughout the ages, effective results in war have rarely been attained unless the approach has had such indirectness as to ensure the opponent’s unreadiness to meet it… In strategy, the longest way round is often the shortest way home.”[2] A direct approach to the object exhausts the attacker and hardens the resistance by compression, where as an indirect approach loosens the defender's hold by upsetting his balance".[3]

From Sun Tzu

"In all fighting, the direct method may be used for joining battle, but indirect methods will be needed in order to secure victory. In battle, there are not more than two methods of attack – the direct and the indirect; yet these two in combination give rise to an endless series of maneuvers. The direct and the indirect lead on to each other in turn. It is like moving in a circle – you never come to an end. Who can exhaust the possibilities of their combination?"[4]

Principles

There were two fundamental principles which governed the indirect approach.

  • Direct attacks on firm defensive positions almost never work and should never be attempted.
  • To defeat the enemy, one must first disrupt his equilibrium. This cannot be an effect of the main attack; it must take place before the main attack is commenced.

While Liddell Hart originally developed the theory for infantry, contact with J. F. C. Fuller helped change his theory more towards tanks. The indirect approach would become a major factor in the development of blitzkrieg. Often misunderstood, the indirect approach is not a treatise against fighting direct battles; it was still based on the Clausewitzian ideal of direct combat and the destruction of an enemy force by arms. It was in reality an attempt to create a doctrine for the remobilization of warfare after the costly attrition of the strategic stalemate of the First World War.

References

  1. ↑ "Strategy: the Indirect Approach". Foreign Affairs: An American Quarterly Review. 2011-10-08. ISSN 0015-7120. Retrieved 2019-07-15.
  2. ↑ Liddell Hart, Basil Henry, Sir (1991) [1967]. Strategy. Liddell Hart, Basil Henry, Sir, 1895-1970. (2nd rev. ed.). New York, N.Y., U.S.A.: Meridian. pp. 5. ISBN 0452010713. OCLC 22911248.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ↑ From Liddell Hart's papers referring to the theory
  4. ↑ Sun Tzu, The Art of War


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