| Inocybe hystrix | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Inocybaceae |
| Genus: | Inocybe |
| Species: | I. hystrix |
| Binomial name | |
| Inocybe hystrix | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Inocybe hystrix | |
|---|---|
 | Gills on hymenium |
 | Cap is convex or flat |
 | Hymenium is adnate |
 | Stipe is bare or has a cortina |
 | Spore print is brown |
 | Ecology is mycorrhizal |
 | Edibility is poisonous |
Inocybe hystrix is an agaric fungus in the family Inocybaceae. It forms mycorrhiza with surrounding deciduous trees. Fruit bodies are usually found growing alone or in small groups on leaf litter during autumn months. Unlike many Inocybe species, Inocybe hystrix is densely covered in brown scales, a characteristic that aids in identification. The mushroom also has a spermatic odour that is especially noticeable when the mushroom is damaged or crushed.
Like many other Inocybe mushrooms, Inocybe hystrix contains dangerous amounts of muscarine and should not be consumed.
Taxonomy
The species was first described in 1838 by Elias Fries under the name Agaricus hystrix.[2] Finnish mycologist Petter Karsten later (1879) transferred it to Inocybe.[3]
Description
Fruit bodies have convex to plano-convex caps measuring 3–5.5 cm (1.2–2.2 in) in diameter. The caps are dry with scales that can be either erect or flat on the surface. The colour is brown in the centre, becoming paler towards the edges. The flesh is white, and has a spermatic odour and mild taste. The gills are closely spaced, white to dull brown, and have fringed edges. The stipe measures 3–9 cm (1.2–3.5 in) long by 0.5–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) thick, and is roughly the same width throughout its length; like the cap, it is scaly.[4]
The spore print is cinnamon brown. spores are roughly almond-shaped, smooth, inamyloid, and measure 8–12.5 by 5–6.5 µm. Clamp connections are present in the hyphae.[4]
The species is poisonous.[5]
Habitat and distribution
In North America and Europe, Inocybe hystrix grows in deciduous forest, especially beech.[6] In Costa Rica, it is found in the Cordillera Talamanca, where it associates with Quercus costaricensis at elevations around 3,000 meters (9,800 ft).[4]
See also
References
- ↑ "Inocybe hystrix (Fr.) P. Karst. 1879". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
- ↑ Fries E. (1838). Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici (in Latin). p. 171.
- ↑ Karsten PA. (1879). "Rysslands, Finlands och den Skandinaviska halföns Hattsvampar. Förra Delen: Skifsvampar". Bidrag till Kännedom of Finlands Natur Folk (in Finnish). 32: 453.
- 1 2 3 Halling RE, Mueller GM. (2005). Common Mushrooms of the Talamanca Mountains, Costa Rica. New York, New York: New York Botanical Garden Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-89327-460-3.
- ↑ Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. (2006). North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuide. p. 305. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1.
- ↑ Phillips R. "Inocybe hystrix". RogersMushrooms. Archived from the original on 2008-08-28. Retrieved 2011-10-04.