Institut RABE (Missile Construction and Development in Bleicherode, Raketenbau und Entwicklung) was a group of German engineers founded by the Soviets to recreate the A-4 flight control system. It was created in July 1945 in Bleicherode when the Red Army took over Thuringia as part of the Soviet occupation zone. It originally consisted of 12 Germans under Major Boris Chertok and Lieutenant Colonel Aleksey Mikhaylovich Isayev.[1] The Institute RABE was created with the purpose of recruiting German rocket specialists to aid in current and future Soviet rocket development. This mission had to be kept secret, as the American-occupied territory of Hesse and Bavaria was not far away from Lehesten, the testing site for rocket engines.[2]

By the end of August 1945, the institute had settled into their headquarters (the former mansion of Wernher von Braun) but it lacked deeper knowledge of the Peenemünde developments because the US Army had seized a group of 450 specialists in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, among them von Braun's core group, and forced other specialists from Thuringia to the US Occupation Zone as part of the Operation Overcast. In August 1945, Chertok successfully completed his most important covert operation when he retrieved Helmut Gröttrup (the deputy for the electrical system and missile control) from American territory along with his family to set up a parallel Büro Gröttrup in Bleicherode.[3][4] In February 1946 both the Institut RABE and the Büro Gröttrup were merged into the larger Institut Nordhausen, which had the goal of recreating the entire German A-4 rocket. This institute was headed by Sergei Korolev as the Soviet chief engineer and Helmut Gröttrup as the German director under Soviet military control.[5] In May 1946, the Zentralwerke combined the Institut Nordhausen, Institut Berlin (recreating the Wasserfall anti-aircraft missile) and manufacturing sites of the earlier Mittelwerk in Thuringia.

In October 1946, during Operation Osoaviakhim, many sites for the development of weapons and aircraft in East Germany were closed and more than 2,300 German specialists were forcibly relocated for employment in the Soviet Union, among them about 200 specialists from Zentralwerke (500 people including their families).[6] They were moved to Podlipki (about 120 engineers) and Gorodomlya Island (about 40 engineers) as part of Korolev's NII-88 and later Soviet design bureau OKB-1, and to Khimki as part of Valentin Glushko's OKB-456 for developing rocket engines.[7]

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References

  1. ↑ Rockets and People: Volume 1, Boris Chertok, NASA History Series, p. 289
  2. ↑ Chertok, p. 285-289
  3. ↑ "Секретный филиал на Городомле" [Secret branch on Gorodomlya] (in Russian). 2020-10-22. Retrieved 2022-09-26. At the Rabe Institute, Gröttrup was received warily. He was rather dismissive of the team of German specialists that he managed to gather there, speaking in favor of only the gyroscopeist Kurt Magnus and the electronics engineer Hans (Johannes) Hoch - he simply did not know the rest. In order not to inflame passions, it was decided to form a special "Bureau Gröttrup" (Büro Gröttrup), the first task of which was to compile a detailed report on the missile developments of Peenemünde.
  4. ↑ "Die 100-jährige Geschichte des IFA-Industrieparks Nordhausen" [100 years history of IFA industrial area Nordhausen] (in German). Retrieved 2022-09-26.
  5. ↑ "Search for A-4 Technology in Germany", Russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved December 7, 2016
  6. ↑ Schmidt, Nadin (2015). Die Deportation der wissenschaftlichen Intelligenz an den Universitäten der SBZ nach 1945 und deren Re-Integration an den Universitäten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (in German). Leipzig University (published 2017-03-01). p. 59.
  7. ↑ Zak, Anatoly (2012-05-12). "German colony on Gorodomlya Island". Retrieved 2022-09-26. By mid-1948, most German rocket specialists, who worked for NII-88 in Podlipki, ended up in the confines of the Gorodomlya Island on the Seliger Lake, some 200 miles northwest of Moscow in the region known as Upper Volga.
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