Integrated Surface Database (ISD) is global database compiled by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) comprising hourly and synoptic surface observations compiled globally from ~35,500 weather stations; it is updated, automatically, hourly. The data largely date back to paper records which were keyed in by hand from '60s and '70s (and in some cases, weather observations from over one hundred years ago). It was developed by the joint Federal Climate Complex project in Asheville, North Carolina.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

References

  1. ↑ "Dataset Overview | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)". www.ncei.noaa.gov.
  2. ↑ "How We Process the NOAA Integrated Surface Database Historical Weather Data – Visual Crossing Weather". May 22, 2019.
  3. ↑ "HadISD: Sub-daily, non-interpolated weather station data | Climate Data Guide". climatedataguide.ucar.edu.
  4. ↑ Dunn, Robert J. H.; Willett, Kate M.; Parker, David E.; Mitchell, Lorna (September 29, 2016). "Expanding HadISD: quality-controlled, sub-daily station data from 1931". Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems. 5 (2): 473–491. Bibcode:2016GI......5..473D. doi:10.5194/gi-5-473-2016 – via Copernicus Online Journals.
  5. ↑ https://www.statsguy.co.uk/wet-bulb-temperatures-part-1/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. ↑ "An International Climate Hub in the Heart of the Blue Ridge Mountains". THE BITTER SOUTHERNER.
  7. ↑ "DYK: Asheville's Federal Building houses the world's largest database of climate + weather data". AVLtoday. March 20, 2018.
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