Interpolymer complexes (IPC) are the products of non-covalent interactions between complementary unlike macromolecules in solutions.[1] There are foiur types of these complexes:

  • Interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPEC) or polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC)[2]
  • Hydrogen-bonded interpolymer complexes[3]
  • Stereocomplexes[4]
  • Charge-transfer complexes[5]

Formation of interpolymer complexes

Interpolymer complexes can be prepared either by mixing complementary polymers in solutions or by matrix (template) polymerisation. It is also possible to prepare IPCs at liquid-liquid interfaces or at solid or soft surfaces. Usually the structure of IPCs formed will depend on many factors, including the nature of interacting polymers, concentrations of their solutions, nature of solvent and presence of inorganic ions or organic molecules in solutions. Mixing of dilute polymer solutions usually leads to formation of IPCs as a colloidal dispersion, whereas more concentrated polymer solutions form IPCs in the form of a gel.

Methods to study interpolymer complexes

Methods to study interpolymer complexes could be classified into:

(1) approaches to demonstrate the fact of the complex formation and to determine the composition of IPCs in solutions;[6]
(2) approaches to study the structure of IPCs formed;
(3) methods to characterize IPCs in solid state.[7]

Applications of interpolymer complexes

IPCs are finding applications in pharmaceutics in the design of novel dosage forms.[8][9] They also are increasingly used to form various coatings using layer-by-layer deposition approach.[10] Some IPCs were proposed for application as membranes and films.[11] They also have been used for structuring of soils to protect from erosion.[12] Other applications include encapsulation technologies.[13]

References

  1. ↑ Tsuchida, E.; Abe, K., eds. (1982). "Interactions Between Macromolecules in Solution and Intermacromolecular Complexes". Advances in Polymer Science. 45. doi:10.1007/bfb0017548. ISBN 3-540-11624-9.
    - Bekturov, Esen A.; Bimendina, Larisa A. (1981). "Interpolymer complexes". Speciality Polymers. Advances in Polymer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 41: 99–147. doi:10.1007/3-540-10554-9_11. ISBN 978-3-540-38525-7.
  2. ↑ Kabanov, V. (2002), "Fundamentals of Polyelectrolyte Complexes in Solution and the Bulk", Multilayer Thin Films, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, pp. 47–86, doi:10.1002/3527600574.ch2, ISBN 3-527-30440-1
  3. ↑ Khutoryanskiy, Vitaliy V.; Staikos, Georgios (2009). Hydrogen-bonded interpolymer complexes : formation, structure and applications. Singapore: World Scientific Pub. Co. ISBN 978-981-270-977-6. OCLC 613658891.
  4. ↑ Tsuji, Hideto (December 2016). "Poly(lactic acid) stereocomplexes: A decade of progress". Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 107: 97–135. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.017. PMID 27125192.
  5. ↑ Peredereeva, S I; Orlov, I G; Cherkashin, Mikhail I (1975-04-30). "Polymeric Charge-transfer Complexes". Russian Chemical Reviews. 44 (4): 295–305. Bibcode:1975RuCRv..44..295P. doi:10.1070/rc1975v044n04abeh002268. ISSN 0036-021X.
  6. ↑ Murmiliuk, Anastasiia; Hladysh, Sviatoslav; Filippov, Sergey K.; Stepanek, Miroslav (2022-09-01). "Comprehensive Multidimensional Characterization of Polyelectrolytes and Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes in Aqueous Solutions". Reviews and Advances in Chemistry. 12 (3): 163–177. doi:10.1134/S263482762260013X. ISSN 2634-8284.
  7. ↑ Khutoryanskiy, V. V.; Smyslov, R. Yu.; Yakimansky, A. V. (2018-09-01). "Modern Methods for Studying Polymer Complexes in Aqueous and Organic Solutions" (PDF). Polymer Science, Series A. 60 (5): 553–576. doi:10.1134/S0965545X18050085. ISSN 1555-6107.
  8. ↑ Khutoryanskiy, Vitaliy V. (2007-04-04). "Hydrogen-bonded interpolymer complexes as materials for pharmaceutical applications". International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 334 (1): 15–26. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.01.037. ISSN 0378-5173. PMID 17320317.
  9. ↑ Fay, James M.; Kabanov, Alexander V. (2022-09-01). "Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes as an Emerging Technology for Pharmaceutical Delivery of Polypeptides". Reviews and Advances in Chemistry. 12 (3): 137–162. doi:10.1134/S2634827622600177. ISSN 2634-8284. PMC 9987408.
  10. ↑ Decher, Gero (1997-08-29). "Fuzzy Nanoassemblies: Toward Layered Polymeric Multicomposites". Science. 277 (5330): 1232–1237. doi:10.1126/science.277.5330.1232. ISSN 0036-8075.
  11. ↑ Bromberg, L. E. (1991-10-01). "Composite membranes based on polyelectrolyte complexes". Journal of Membrane Science. 62 (2): 131–143. doi:10.1016/0376-7388(91)80057-D. ISSN 0376-7388.
  12. ↑ Zezin, A. B.; Mikheikin, S. V.; Rogacheva, V. B.; Zansokhova, M. F.; Sybachin, A. V.; Yaroslavov, A. A. (2015-12-01). "Polymeric stabilizers for protection of soil and ground against wind and water erosion". Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. Colloid and Polymer Interfaces in Bio-resources and Environments. 226 (Pt A): 17–23. doi:10.1016/j.cis.2015.06.006. ISSN 0001-8686. PMID 26260276.
  13. ↑ Geest, Bruno G. De; Koker, Stefaan De; Sukhorukov, Gleb B.; Kreft, Oliver; Parak, Wolfgang J.; Skirtach, Andrei G.; Demeester, Jo; Smedt, Stefaan C. De; Hennink, Wim E. (2009-01-08). "Polyelectrolyte microcapsules for biomedical applications". Soft Matter. 5 (2): 282–291. Bibcode:2009SMat....5..282D. doi:10.1039/B808262F. ISSN 1744-6848.
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