Map showing locations of all of Newfoundland and Labrador's municipalities
Distribution of Newfoundland and Labrador's 277 municipalities by municipal status type

Newfoundland and Labrador is the ninth-most populous province in Canada, with 510,550 residents recorded in the 2021 Canadian Census, and is the seventh-largest in land area, with 358,170 km2 (138,290 sq mi).[1] Newfoundland and Labrador has 278 municipalities, including 3 cities, 270 towns, and 5 Inuit community governments, which cover only 2.3% of the province's land mass but are home to 90% of its population.[2]

The towns were created by the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador in accordance with the Municipalities Act, 1999, whereas the three cities were each incorporated under their own provincial statutes.[3] Inuit community governments were created in accordance with the 2005 Labrador Inuit Land Claims Agreement Act.[4] These acts grant the power to enact local bylaws and the responsibility to provide local government services.[3]

St. John's is Newfoundland and Labrador's capital and largest municipality by population and land area.[2] Little Bay Islands is its smallest municipality by population, and Brent's Cove is the smallest municipality by land area.[2]

Cities

Newfoundland and Labrador has three cities that had a total population of 152,335 in the 2021 Canadian Census.[2] The provincial capital of St. John's is the largest city by population and land area, with 110,525 residents and 446.02 km2 (172.21 sq mi).[2] Corner Brook is the smallest city by population in the province, with 19,333 residents. Mount Pearl is the smallest by land area, with 15.65 km2 (6.04 sq mi).[2]

The three cities are governed under their own provincial legislation – the City of St. John's Act, the City of Mount Pearl Act, and the City of Corner Brook Act. These acts give them the power to enact local bylaws and the responsibility to provide local government services.[5][6][7]

Towns

The Municipalities Act, 1999 is the legislation enabling the Lieutenant-Governor in Council to incorporate, amalgamate, and disorganize towns in Newfoundland and Labrador upon recommendation by the Minister of Municipal Affairs and Environment.[3] It also provides opportunities for towns to annex areas, and establish or alter their boundaries.[3] The prerequisite to undertake these actions is the preparation of a feasibility report, which includes a requirement for a public hearing.[3]

Newfoundland and Labrador has 270 towns that had a total population of 304,895 in the 2021 Canadian Census.[2] Fifteen of those towns are in Labrador.[8] Newfoundland and Labrador's largest town by population is Conception Bay South with 27,168 residents and the largest by land area is Baie Verte with 371.37 km2 (143.39 sq mi). Little Bay Islands is its smallest town by population with zero residents, and Brent's Cove is the smallest town by land area with 1.02 km2 (0.39 sq mi).[2] The province's newest town is George's Brook-Milton, which incorporated on May 8, 2018.[9]

Inuit community governments

Newfoundland and Labrador has five Inuit community governments that had a total population of 2,323 in the 2021 Canadian Census.[2] The largest Inuit community government in the province by population and land area is Nain with 847 residents and 93.50 km2 (36.10 sq mi).[2] Postville is the smallest Inuit community government by population in the province with 188 residents, while Hopedale is the smallest by land area with 2.18 km2 (0.84 sq mi).[2]

All five Inuit community governments are within Nunatsiavut, the Inuit Land Claims Area of Labrador.[4] The five Inuit community governments were formed in 2005 with the signing of the Labrador Inuit Land Claims Agreement. The agreement granted them powers similar to other types of municipal governments in the province such as the establishment of a local government, municipal parks and recreation, public libraries, and public advertising. Each community elects at-large a council comprising an angajukkak (mayor) and Inuit community councillors.[4]

List of municipalities

Corner Brook City19,333 19,806 −2.4%147.88130.7
Mount Pearl City22,477 23,120 −2.8%15.651,436.2
St. John's City110,525 108,860 +1.5%446.02247.8
Admirals Beach Town97 135 −28.1%24.204.0
Anchor Point Town305 314 −2.9%2.26135.0
Appleton Town620 574 +8.0%6.3397.9
Aquaforte Town74 80 −7.5%6.8810.8
Arnold's Cove Town964 949 +1.6%5.25183.6
Avondale Town584 641 −8.9%29.6919.7
Badger Town682 704 −3.1%1.89360.8
Baie Verte Town1,311 1,313 −0.2%371.373.5
Baine Harbour Town126 124 +1.6%4.1530.4
Bauline Town412 452 −8.8%16.0525.7
Bay Bulls Town1,566 1,500 +4.4%30.6051.2
Bay de Verde Town347 392 −11.5%13.2426.2
Bay L'Argent Town234 241 −2.9%3.7462.6
Bay Roberts Town5,974 6,012 −0.6%24.51243.7
Baytona Town251 262 −4.2%15.1516.6
Beachside Town97 132 −26.5%2.5837.6
Bellburns Town52 53 −1.9%8.835.9
Belleoram Town348 374 −7.0%2.20158.2
Birchy Bay Town511 550 −7.1%49.3310.4
Bird Cove Town175 179 −2.2%7.6922.8
Bishop's Cove Town252 287 −12.2%1.90132.6
Bishop's Falls Town3,082 3,156 −2.3%26.38116.8
Bonavista Town3,190 3,448 −7.5%31.56101.1
Botwood Town2,778 2,875 −3.4%14.56190.8
Branch Town177 228 −22.4%16.1810.9
Brent's Cove Town119 157 −24.2%1.02116.7
Brighton Town163 188 −13.3%2.2672.1
Brigus Town699 723 −3.3%11.4860.9
Bryant's Cove Town343 395 −13.2%4.9070.0
Buchans Town590 642 −8.1%4.63127.4
Burgeo Town1,176 1,307 −10.0%29.5139.9
Burin Town2,237 2,315 −3.4%34.4964.9
Burlington Town304 314 −3.2%4.0974.3
Burnt Islands Town540 622 −13.2%9.4857.0
Campbellton Town459 452 +1.5%35.8112.8
Cape Broyle Town499 489 +2.0%10.0949.5
Cape St. George Town809 853 −5.2%34.4723.5
Carbonear Town4,696 4,858 −3.3%12.44377.5
Carmanville Town784 740 +5.9%42.6818.4
Cartwright, Labrador Town439 427 +2.8%5.8774.8
Centreville-Wareham-Trinity Town1,116 1,147 −2.7%37.0430.1
Chance Cove Town213 256 −16.8%18.1411.7
Change Islands Town184 208 −11.5%5.3634.3
Channel-Port aux Basques Town3,547 4,067 −12.8%38.8491.3
Chapel Arm Town446 457 −2.4%28.0815.9
Charlottetown Town292 290 +0.7%26.4711.0
Clarenville Town6,704 6,291 +6.6%139.9147.9
Clarke's Beach Town1,400 1,558 −10.1%12.64110.8
Coachman's Cove Town111 105 +5.7%18.995.8
Colinet Town103 80 +28.8%6.0117.1
Colliers Town613 654 −6.3%26.2423.4
Come By Chance Town208 228 −8.8%39.555.3
Comfort Cove-Newstead Town345 407 −15.2%29.9711.5
Conception Bay South Town27,168 26,199 +3.7%59.72454.9
Conception Harbour Town624 685 −8.9%21.4729.1
Conche Town149 170 −12.4%10.0314.9
Cook's Harbour Town118 123 −4.1%1.9460.8
Cormack Town492 597 −17.6%133.653.7
Cottlesville Town244 271 −10.0%11.1521.9
Cow Head Town398 428 −7.0%17.2723.0
Cox's Cove Town664 688 −3.5%7.2391.8
Crow Head Town156 177 −11.9%3.0351.5
Cupids Town699 743 −5.9%10.8664.4
Daniel's Harbour Town220 253 −13.0%7.6828.6
Deer Lake Town4,864 5,249 −7.3%73.2666.4
Dover Town579 662 −12.5%11.1252.1
Eastport Town527 501 +5.2%18.4828.5
Elliston Town315 308 +2.3%10.0731.3
Embree Town679 701 −3.1%18.3537.0
Englee Town489 527 −7.2%28.8217.0
English Harbour East Town117 139 −15.8%2.8141.6
Fermeuse Town266 325 −18.2%38.336.9
Ferryland Town371 414 −10.4%13.2228.1
Flatrock Town1,722 1,683 +2.3%18.1095.1
Fleur de Lys Town207 244 −15.2%39.545.2
Flower's Cove Town272 270 +0.7%6.7740.2
Fogo Island Town2,117 2,244 −5.7%238.258.9
Forteau Town377 409 −7.8%7.5050.3
Fortune Town1,285 1,401 −8.3%54.7723.5
Fox Cove-Mortier Town252 295 −14.6%25.399.9
Fox Harbour Town226 252 −10.3%19.8111.4
Frenchman's Cove Town159 169 −5.9%69.072.3
Gallants Town50 50 0.0%6.337.9
Gambo Town1,816 1,978 −8.2%93.0319.5
Gander Town11,880 11,688 +1.6%104.53113.7
Garnish Town542 568 −4.6%39.1013.9
Gaskiers-Point La Haye Town189 232 −18.5%23.298.1
Gaultois Town100 136 −26.5%4.2323.6
George's Brook-Milton Town719 768 −6.4%7.6094.6
Gillams Town506 410 +23.4%6.7275.3
Glenburnie-Birchy Head-Shoal Brook Town241 224 +7.6%6.5237.0
Glenwood Town739 778 −5.0%7.08104.4
Glovertown Town1,948 2,083 −6.5%69.8527.9
Goose Cove East Town172 174 −1.1%2.7163.5
Grand Bank Town2,152 2,310 −6.8%16.82127.9
Grand Falls-Windsor Town13,853 14,171 −2.2%54.84252.6
Grand le Pierre Town176 235 −25.1%142.811.2
Greenspond Town257 266 −3.4%2.7593.5
Hampden Town439 429 +2.3%32.9913.3
Hant's Harbour Town318 329 −3.3%31.8610.0
Happy Adventure Town118 200 −41.0%9.6212.3
Happy Valley-Goose Bay Town8,040 8,109 −0.9%304.5226.4
Harbour Breton Town1,477 1,634 −9.6%13.82106.9
Harbour Grace Town2,796 2,995 −6.6%33.7182.9
Harbour Main-Chapel's Cove-Lakeview Town1,065 1,067 −0.2%21.1950.3
Hare Bay Town925 969 −4.5%34.1127.1
Hawke's Bay Town297 315 −5.7%46.416.4
Heart's Content Town330 340 −2.9%62.875.2
Heart's Delight-Islington Town646 674 −4.2%26.9524.0
Heart's Desire Town184 213 −13.6%17.0210.8
Hermitage-Sandyville Town404 422 −4.3%29.1413.9
Holyrood Town2,471 2,463 +0.3%126.0219.6
Howley Town179 205 −12.7%19.919.0
Hughes Brook Town236 255 −7.5%1.56151.3
Humber Arm South Town1,537 1,599 −3.9%65.1423.6
Indian Bay Town172 175 −1.7%86.492.0
Irishtown-Summerside Town1,260 1,418 −11.1%11.88106.1
Isle aux Morts Town559 664 −15.8%7.7572.1
Jackson's Arm Town277 284 −2.5%7.0739.2
Keels Town46 51 −9.8%6.676.9
King's Cove Town75 90 −16.7%21.443.5
King's Point Town653 659 −0.9%45.7214.3
Kippens Town1,842 2,008 −8.3%14.24129.4
Labrador City Town7,412 7,220 +2.7%34.11217.3
Lamaline Town218 267 −18.4%79.752.7
L'Anse-au-Clair Town219 216 +1.4%60.653.6
L'Anse-au-Loup Town692 558 +24.0%3.39204.1
Lark Harbour Town508 522 −2.7%12.9439.3
LaScie Town820 872 −6.0%29.1628.1
Lawn Town583 624 −6.6%3.52165.6
Leading Tickles Town296 292 +1.4%26.5911.1
Lewin's Cove Town546 544 +0.4%6.3386.3
Lewisporte Town3,288 3,409 −3.5%36.0291.3
Little Bay Town100 105 −4.8%1.6660.2
Little Bay East Town84 127 −33.9%1.5653.8
Little Bay Islands Town0 71 −100.0%7.340.0
Little Burnt Bay Town238 281 −15.3%8.4628.1
Logy Bay-Middle Cove-Outer Cove Town2,364 2,221 +6.4%16.99139.1
Long Harbour-Mount Arlington Heights Town185 250 −26.0%18.3310.1
Lord's Cove Town155 162 −4.3%29.915.2
Lourdes Town502 465 +8.0%7.3967.9
Lumsden Town535 501 +6.8%19.2027.9
Lushes Bight-Beaumont-Beaumont North Town169 168 +0.6%34.524.9
Main Brook Town246 243 +1.2%28.008.8
Mary's Harbour Town312 341 −8.5%34.259.1
Marystown Town5,204 5,316 −2.1%62.2383.6
Massey Drive Town1,606 1,632 −1.6%2.45655.5
McIvers Town575 538 +6.9%11.9748.0
Meadows Town404 626 −35.5%3.82105.8
Middle Arm Town443 474 −6.5%24.9317.8
Miles Cove Town97 104 −6.7%3.9824.4
Millertown Town87 81 +7.4%3.0828.2
Milltown-Head of Bay d'Espoir Town669 749 −10.7%24.9526.8
Ming's Bight Town298 319 −6.6%3.8178.2
Morrisville Town93 101 −7.9%14.096.6
Mount Carmel-Mitchells Brook-St. Catherines Town382 349 +9.5%60.766.3
Mount Moriah Town700 746 −6.2%15.7144.6
Musgrave Harbour Town946 990 −4.4%67.3014.1
Musgravetown Town561 564 −0.5%13.4941.6
New Perlican Town200 186 +7.5%24.458.2
New-Wes-Valley Town2,044 2,172 −5.9%132.7015.4
Nipper's Harbour Town74 85 −12.9%1.9338.3
Norman's Cove-Long Cove Town647 666 −2.9%20.1532.1
Norris Arm Town708 737 −3.9%41.3517.1
Norris Point Town602 670 −10.1%4.84124.4
North River Town579 570 +1.6%4.2137.9
North West River Town560 547 +2.4%3.55157.7
Northern Arm Town371 426 −12.9%24.9414.9
Old Perlican Town608 633 −3.9%14.1443.0
Pacquet Town145 164 −11.6%14.4410.0
Paradise Town22,957 21,389 +7.3%29.67773.7
Parkers Cove Town233 248 −6.0%4.7748.8
Parson's Pond Town368 345 +6.7%12.3429.8
Pasadena Town3,524 3,620 −2.7%49.1771.7
Peterview Town723 828 −12.7%6.34114.0
Petty Harbour-Maddox Cove Town947 960 −1.4%4.40215.2
Pilley's Island Town286 294 −2.7%34.658.3
Pinware Town64 88 −27.3%4.0815.7
Placentia Town3,289 3,496 −5.9%57.8056.9
Point au Gaul Town67 88 −23.9%3.8917.2
Point Lance Town87 102 −14.7%28.293.1
Point Leamington Town574 591 −2.9%26.8021.4
Point May Town254 231 +10.0%63.254.0
Point of Bay Town137 154 −11.0%21.626.3
Pool's Cove Town143 193 −25.9%2.6554.0
Port Anson Town42 130 −67.7%7.725.4
Port au Choix Town742 789 −6.0%35.5620.9
Port au Port East Town413 579 −28.7%25.0616.5
Port au Port West-Aguathuna-Felix Cove Town384 449 −14.5%16.9722.6
Port Blandford Town513 488 +5.1%51.0010.1
Port Hope Simpson Town403 412 −2.2%32.0212.6
Port Kirwan Town49 52 −5.8%8.845.5
Port Rexton Town361 340 +6.2%11.6431.0
Port Saunders Town678 674 +0.6%38.5017.6
Portugal Cove South Town86 150 −42.7%1.0879.6
Portugal Cove–St. Philip's Town8,415 8,147 +3.3%57.61146.1
Pouch Cove Town2,063 2,069 −0.3%58.2435.4
Raleigh Town150 177 −15.3%11.2713.3
Ramea Town388 447 −13.2%1.86208.6
Red Bay Town142 169 −16.0%2.3161.5
Red Harbour Town177 189 −6.3%11.1915.8
Reidville Town550 509 +8.1%58.289.4
Rencontre East Town115 139 −17.3%2.5644.9
Renews-Cappahayden Town280 301 −7.0%125.932.2
River of Ponds Town173 215 −19.5%4.4638.8
Riverhead Town165 185 −10.8%101.841.6
Robert's Arm Town722 805 −10.3%36.0920.0
Rocky Harbour Town937 947 −1.1%12.0877.6
Roddickton-Bide Arm Town928 999 −7.1%45.1420.6
Rose Blanche-Harbour le Cou Town344 394 −12.7%4.4976.6
Rushoon Town229 245 −6.5%5.8938.9
Sally's Cove Town15 20 −25.0%4.613.3
Salmon Cove Town764 680 +12.4%4.21181.5
Salvage Town108 124 −12.9%15.856.8
Sandringham Town205 229 −10.5%9.5721.4
Sandy Cove Town120 122 −1.6%8.9913.3
Seal Cove (Fortune Bay) Town100 242 −58.7%2.0349.3
Seal Cove (White Bay) Town281 303 −7.3%10.7926.0
Small Point-Adam's Cove-Blackhead-Broad Cove Town414 387 +7.0%23.1217.9
South Brook Town420 482 −12.9%8.7248.2
South River Town674 647 +4.2%5.97112.9
Southern Harbour Town313 395 −20.8%5.3958.1
Spaniard's Bay Town2,630 2,653 −0.9%66.0939.8
Springdale Town2,965 2,971 −0.2%17.46169.8
St. Alban's Town1,189 1,186 +0.3%20.4858.1
St. Anthony Town2,180 2,258 −3.5%37.4658.2
St. Bernard's-Jacques Fontaine Town433 433 0.0%16.0826.9
St. Brendan's Town125 145 −13.8%9.7612.8
St. Bride's Town318 252 +26.2%5.3859.1
St. George's Town1,139 1,203 −5.3%25.7144.3
St. Jacques-Coomb's Cove Town546 588 −7.1%81.896.7
St. Joseph's Town86 115 −25.2%29.222.9
St. Lawrence Town1,115 1,192 −6.5%34.8632.0
St. Lewis Town181 194 −6.7%10.0418.0
St. Lunaire-Griquet Town603 604 −0.2%17.2934.9
St. Mary's Town313 347 −9.8%36.418.6
St. Pauls Town202 238 −15.1%6.3431.9
St. Shott's Town55 66 −16.7%1.0751.4
St. Vincent's-St. Stephen's-Peter's River Town263 313 −16.0%86.623.0
Steady Brook Town416 444 −6.3%1.24335.5
Stephenville Town6,540 6,623 −1.3%35.27185.4
Stephenville Crossing Town1,634 1,719 −4.9%31.0752.6
Summerford Town805 906 −11.1%16.0450.2
Sunnyside Town407 396 +2.8%39.0210.4
Terra Nova Town99 73 +35.6%2.4440.6
Terrenceville Town446 482 −7.5%15.1229.5
Tilt Cove Town5 5 0.0%3.101.6
Torbay Town7,852 7,899 −0.6%34.89225.1
Traytown Town279 267 +4.5%13.3021.0
Trepassey Town405 481 −15.8%54.217.5
Trinity Town76 169 −55.0%12.925.9
Trinity Bay North Town1,649 1,819 −9.3%26.1963.0
Triton Town896 983 −8.9%7.54118.8
Trout River Town508 552 −8.0%5.8387.1
Twillingate Town2,121 2,196 −3.4%25.6082.9
Upper Island Cove Town1,401 1,561 −10.2%7.82179.2
Victoria Town1,658 1,800 −7.9%17.9692.3
Wabana Town1,815 2,146 −15.4%14.49125.3
Wabush Town1,964 1,906 +3.0%42.4246.3
West St. Modeste Town102 111 −8.1%7.6013.4
Westport Town185 195 −5.1%5.2335.4
Whitbourne Town955 890 +7.3%21.5144.4
Whiteway Town351 373 −5.9%22.5315.6
Winterland Town398 390 +2.1%54.447.3
Winterton Town436 450 −3.1%10.6141.1
Witless Bay Town1,640 1,619 +1.3%17.6193.1
Woodstock Town195 190 +2.6%10.0519.4
Woody Point, Bonne Bay Town244 282 −13.5%3.7864.6
York Harbour Town372 344 +8.1%13.8826.8
Hopedale Inuit community government596 574 +3.8%2.18273.4
Makkovik Inuit community government365 377 −3.2%2.95123.7
Nain Inuit community government1,204 1,125 +7.0%93.509.1
Postville Inuit community government188 177 +6.2%2.3978.7
Rigolet Inuit community government327 305 +7.2%5.2762.0
Sub-total cities 152,335 151,786 +0.4% 609.55 249.9
Sub-total towns 305,578 312,161 −2.1% 7,422.78 41.2
Sub-total Inuit community governments 2,323 2,558 −9.2% 106.29 21.9
Total municipalities 460,236 466,505 −1.3% 8,148.66 56.5
Province of Newfoundland and Labrador 510,550 519,716 −1.8% 358,170.37 1.4

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, 2021 and 2016 censuses – 100% data". Statistics Canada. March 14, 2022. Retrieved March 14, 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), Newfoundland and Labrador". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Municipalities Act, 1999". Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2019.
  4. 1 2 3 "Labrador Inuit Land Claims Agreement" (PDF). Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. 2005. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
  5. ↑ "City of St. John's Act". Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
  6. ↑ "City of Mount Pearl Act". Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
  7. ↑ "City of Corner Brook Act". Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
  8. ↑ "Municipal Directory". Municipalities Newfoundland and Labrador. 2020. Retrieved March 19, 2020.
  9. ↑ "Town of George's Brook-Milton Order". Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. May 4, 2018. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  10. "Newfoundland and Labrador Municipal and Inuit Community Government Directory" (PDF). Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. July 4, 2019. Retrieved October 7, 2019.

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