James Carmichael | |
|---|---|
| Church | Haddington |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1542/3 |
| Died | 1628 (aged 66–68) |
| minister of Haddington | |
| In office 25 August 1570 – 1584[1] | |
| schoolmaster of Haddington Grammar now Knox Academy | |
| In office 16 April 1572 – 15 November 1576[1] | |
| minister of Haddington including constant Moderator of the Presbytery of Haddington 1606-1628 and compliler of the Acts of Assembly 1592-1595 | |
| In office 1587–1628[1] | |
James Carmichael (1542/3–1628) was the Church of Scotland minister and an author known for a Latin grammar published at Cambridge in September 1587 and for his work revising the Second Book of Discipline and the Acts of Assembly. In 1584, Carmichael was forced to seek shelter in England along with the Melvilles and others. Andrew Melville called him "the profound dreamer." Robert Wodrow said that "a great strain of both piety and strong learning runs through his letters and papers." Dr. Laing says there is every probability that " The Booke of the Universall Kirk " was compiled by Carmichael.[2] The James Carmichaell collection of proverbs in Scots was published by Edinburgh University in 1957 which includes some proverbs also collected by David Ferguson.
Early life, education and career
James Carmichael studied at St Leonard's College, St Andrews, and graduated M.A. about 1564. Prior to July 1570 he was master of the Grammar School at St Andrews.[3]
Early work in Haddington
On 25 August 1570 he was settled in Haddington. Presented to the vicarage of Nungate 2 November 1571. From 16 April 1572 to 15 November 1576 he acted as schoolmaster of the parish,[4] but resigned at the latter date, the Town Council having resolved (28 May 1576) "that in no time coming should the minister of the kirk be admitted school-master of the burgh." In 1574 he had also charge of Bolton, Athelstaneford, and St Martin's. He was one of a committee of four who prepared the Acts of the Kirk for more general use, and he assisted in the revision of publications, particularly the Second Book of Discipline.[3]
In England
In 1584 he was compelled to take shelter in England, for being in sympathy with the Ruthven Raiders. He returned in 1587.[3][5] Criticism from a number of pulpits may have led the government to believe that some of the clergy had been party to an attempt by the Ruthven faction to regain power, which had resulted in the taking of Stirling Castle in April. The Earl of Gowne was executed on 2 May for his alleged involvement in the failed coup, although he appears to have been doing his best to leave the country via Dundee at the time. On the same day, James Carmichael, minister of Haddington, Patrick Galloway, minister of Perth, John Davidson, minister of Liberton, and Andrew Polwart, minister of Cadder, fled to England to join Melville in exile, having been summoned before the privy council for involvement in the conspiracy.[6]
Carmichael published a Latin grammar at Cambridge in September 1587. He dedicated it to James VI—‘Scotorum regi christianissimo gratiam et pacem à Domino.’ Carmichael's work, ‘Grammatice Latino de Etymologia,’ &c., was from the press of the university printer, Thomas Thomas, M.A., a lexicographer himself, and its full title is given by Ames; it consists of 52 pp., and has some commandatory poems prefixed. There is a copy of it in the Bodleian.[7]
Haddington resumption and wider church roles
Carmichael returned to Haddington in 1587. He was engaged from 1592 to 1595 in abridging the Acts of Assembly. He was nominated the constant Moderator of Presbytery by the Assembly in 1606. Cameron relates that "He was intimately involved in the trial of witches, and is said to have compiled a history of their depositions."[8] Carmichael died between 28 May and 24 September 1628, aged 85.
Family
He married Violet, daughter of Andrew Simson, minister of Dalkeith (Reg. Sec. Sig., xlvi., 92; A. and D., ccexxxii., 348), and had issue —
- Nathaniel
- James, minister of Athelstaneford.[3]
Publications
- Grammatice Latino de Etymologia liber secundus (Cantabury, 1587), 52 pp. [see copy in the Bodleian]
- a Poem (prefixed to Skene's Regiam Mnjestatem, of which he corrected the proof at the request of the Privy Council)
- Correspondence (Wodrow Miscell. and Calderwood's Hist., iv., v.).
- The James Carmichaell collection of proverbs in Scots; from the original manuscript in the Edinburgh University Library
Bibliography
- Cooper's Athenæ Cantab. ii. 22
- Ames’s Topogr. Antiq. (Herbert), 1414, l4l8.[7]
- Reg. Min., Assig. and Test. Reg.
- M'Crie's Melville, ii.
- Booke of the Kirk
- Spottiswood's and Calderwood's histories.
- Wodrow and Maitland's Miscellanies, ii.
- New Statistical Account
- Miller's Haddington[3]
- Reg. Assig., Test, and Priv. Coicnc. Reg.
- Excheq. Buik
- Lochleven Pap.
- Calderwood's Histories
- Melville's Autob.
- Acts Pari., iii., iv.
- Wodrow and Bannatyne Miscell., iii.
- M'Crie's Melville
- Cooper's Athence Cantab., ii., 22[3]
References
Citations
Sources
- Bannatyne, Richard, D. (1836). Pitcairn, Robert (ed.). Memorials of Transactions in Scotland, A.D. 1569-1573. Edinburgh: Bannatyne Club.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Boyd, William K., ed. (1913). Calendar of the state papers relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots, 1547-1603, preserved in the Public Record Office, the British Museum, and elsewhere in England. Vol. 7 (1584-1585). Edinburgh: H. M. General Register House. pp. 128-129.
- Calderwood, David (1843b). Thomson, Thomas Napier (ed.). The History of the Kirk of Scotland. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: Wodrow Society.
- Calderwood, David (1843c). Thomson, Thomas Napier (ed.). The History of the Kirk of Scotland. Vol. 3. Edinburgh: Wodrow Society.
- Calderwood, David (1843d). Thomson, Thomas Napier (ed.). The History of the Kirk of Scotland. Vol. 4. Edinburgh: Wodrow Society.
- Calderwood, David (1844e). Thomson, Thomas Napier (ed.). The History of the Kirk of Scotland. Vol. 5. Edinburgh: Wodrow Society.
- Calderwood, David (1846). Thomson, Thomas Napier (ed.). The History of the Kirk of Scotland. Vol. 6. Edinburgh: Wodrow Society.
- Cameron, James K. (2004). "Carmichael, James(1542/3–1628)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4701. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Carmichael, James (1957). Anderson., M.L. (ed.). The James Carmichaell collection of proverbs in Scots; from the original manuscript in the Edinburgh University Library. Edinburgh: U.P.
- Donaldson, Gordon (1963). Scottish presbyterian exiles in England, 1584-8. Edinburgh: Scottish Church History Society. pp. 67-80.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. - Humphreys, Jennett (1887). "Carmichael, James (fl.1587)". In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 9. London: Smith, Elder & Co. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Johnston, John C. (1887). Treasury of the Scottish covenant. Andrew Elliot. pp. 276-277. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Kerr, Angus T. (1936). John Craig (1512?-1600): with special reference to his contribution to the upbuilding of the reformed Church of Scotland (PDF) (PhD). Edinburgh Research Archive.
- Knox, John (1895). Laing, David (ed.). The works of John Knox. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: James Thin.
- Knox, John (1895). Laing, David (ed.). The works of John Knox. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: James Thin.
- Knox, John (1895). Laing, David (ed.). The works of John Knox. Vol. 6. Edinburgh: James Thin.
- Lee, John (1860a). Lectures on the history of the Church of Scotland : from the Reformation to the Revolution Settlement. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: William Blackwood. pp. 302-303.
- Lee, John (1860b). Lectures on the history of the Church of Scotland : from the Reformation to the Revolution Settlement. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: William Blackwood. pp. 390 ff.
- Lorimer, Robert; Cook, John (1845). The new statistical account of Scotland by Society for the Benefit of the Sons and Daughters of the Clergy. Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons. p. 7.
- MacDonald, Alan R. (1994). The Subscription crisis and church-state relations, 1584-1586. Edinburgh: Scottish Church History Society. pp. 222-255. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- M'Crie, Thomas (1819). The life of Andrew Melville. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: Blackwood. p. 318.
- M'Crie, Thomas (1819). The life of Andrew Melville. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: Blackwood. pp. 248, 299, 506.
- Mellvill, James (1842). Pitcairn, Robert (ed.). The Autobiography and Diary of Mr. James Mellvill. Edinburgh: Wodrow Society.
- Miller, James (1900). Lamp of Lothian: or, the history of Haddington, in connection with the Public Affairs of East Lothian and of Scotland, from the earliest records to 1844. Haddington: W. Sinclair.
- Scott, Hew (1915). Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae; the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. p. 369. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Spottiswoode, John (1847). History of the Church of Scotland, beginning the year of Our Lord 203 and continuing to the end of the reign of King James VI. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: Bannatyne Club. pp. 180-182, et passim.