James Lankford
Official portrait, 2023
United States Senator
from Oklahoma
Assumed office
January 3, 2015
Serving with Markwayne Mullin
Preceded byTom Coburn
Vice Chair of the Senate Ethics Committee
Assumed office
February 3, 2021
Preceded byChris Coons
Chair of the Senate Ethics Committee
In office
December 19, 2019 – February 3, 2021
Preceded byJohnny Isakson
Succeeded byChris Coons
Chair of the House Republican Policy Committee
In office
January 3, 2013 – January 3, 2015
LeaderJohn Boehner
Preceded byTom Price[1]
Succeeded byLuke Messer
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Oklahoma's 5th district
In office
January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2015
Preceded byMary Fallin
Succeeded bySteve Russell
Personal details
Born
James Paul Lankford

(1968-03-04) March 4, 1968
Dallas, Texas, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
Spouse
Cindy Hennessey
​
(m. 1992)​
Children2
EducationUniversity of Texas, Austin (BS)
Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary (MDiv)
WebsiteSenate website

James Paul Lankford (born March 4, 1968) is an American politician and Southern Baptist minister serving as the senior United States senator from Oklahoma. A member of the Republican Party, Lankford has represented Oklahoma in the U.S. Senate since 2015. Before his Senate service, he represented Oklahoma's 5th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2011 to 2015.

From 1996 to 2009, Lankford was president of the Falls Creek Baptist Conference Center, a youth camp operated by the Baptist General Convention of Oklahoma. He is an ordained Southern Baptist minister. In 2010, Lankford ran for Oklahoma's 5th congressional district. In the Republican primary, he defeated state representative Kevin Calvey in a runoff, and he defeated Democratic nominee Billy Coyle in the general election. Lankford was reelected in 2012; shortly thereafter, he was named chair of the House Republican Policy Committee.

In lieu of running for a third term in the House, Lankford announced he would run in the 2014 U.S. Senate special election following Senator Tom Coburn's planned resignation. He won the June 2014 primary with 57% of the vote, becoming the Republican nominee. Lankford won the special election with nearly 68% of the vote, defeating Democratic nominee Connie Johnson. He was reelected in 2016 with nearly 68% of the vote and in 2022 with 64% of the vote. Lankford became the state's senior senator in 2023 upon the retirement of Senator Jim Inhofe.

Early life and education

Lankford was born March 4, 1968, in Dallas, Texas,[2] the son of Linda Joyce (née House) and James Wesley Lankford.[3][4] His mother was an elementary school librarian.[5] His maternal grandparents owned a small dry-cleaning business, his father and paternal grandparents a dairy farm.[6] His stepfather was a career employee of AC Delco, the parts division of General Motors.[6]

Lankford's parents divorced when he was four; he lived with his mother and older brother for a time in his grandparents' garage apartment. He became a Christian at eight. His mother remarried when he was twelve, and the family moved to Garland, Texas, with his stepfather.[5]

Lankford attended Lakeview Centennial High School in Garland. While there, he participated in the Close Up Washington civic education program. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Secondary Education (specializing in speech and history) at University of Texas at Austin in 1990, and a master's degree in Divinity at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary in 1994.[5] Lankford was ordained Southern Baptist minister.[7]

Ministry

Lankford moved to Oklahoma in 1995.[8] He was president of the Falls Creek Baptist Conference Center, a youth camp operated by the Baptist General Convention of Oklahoma, from 1996 to 2009.[9] Lankford stepped down from his position at Falls Creek in 2009 to run for Congress.[8][10]

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

2010

After two-term incumbent Republican Mary Fallin announced she was giving up her seat to run for governor of Oklahoma, Lankford entered the race to succeed her.[2] He finished first in a seven-way Republican primary—the important contest in this heavily Republican district—and defeated former State Representative Kevin Calvey in the runoff.[11] He then defeated Democrat Billy Coyle in the general election with 62.53% of the vote.[5][12][2]

2012

Lankford defeated Democrat Tom Guild with 59% of the vote in 2012.[13] Following the election, he was named chairman of the House Republican Policy Committee.[14][15]

Committee assignments

U.S. Senate

Elections

2014

Official portrait, 2015

In January 2014, Lankford announced he would run in the 2014 Senate special election to succeed retiring Republican Senator Tom Coburn.[17] Lankford won the June 2014 Republican primary, defeating former state House speaker T.W. Shannon and former state senator Randy Brogdon.[18] In November, Lankford won the election for the final two years of Coburn's second term, defeating retiring state senator Constance N. Johnson, 67.9%-29.0%. Independent candidate Mark Beard won the remaining 3.2% of the vote.[19]

2016

Lankford was elected to a full six-year term in the Senate in 2016, defeating Democratic consultant Mike Workman with 68% of the vote.[20]

2022

On April 6, 2021, Lankford announced he would seek reelection.[21] He was reelected with 64% of the vote.[22]

Tenure

Lankford was sworn into office on January 6, 2015 by Vice President Joe Biden.[23]

On December 21, 2017, Lankford was one of six senators to introduce the Secure Elections Act, which would authorize block grants to states to update outdated voting technology.[24]

Lankford became the senior U.S. senator from Oklahoma in 2023 upon the retirement of Senator Jim Inhofe.[25][26]

Committee assignments

Political positions

Taxes

Lankford supports budget austerity through lowering taxes and reducing government spending.[27] He took the taxpayer protection pledge promising to support no new taxes.[27] He supports the repeal of the income and estate taxes and supports a sales tax to tax consumption and not savings or earnings.[27]

Guns

In 2014, Lankford was endorsed by the NRA Political Victory Fund and had an "A" rating from the group.[28][29][30] Lankford supports loosening restrictions on interstate gun purchases.[27] He opposes firearm microstamping, a controversial method of imprinting casings with a unique marking to match it with a specific firearm, and would allow veterans to register unlicensed firearms.[27]

After the 2018 Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in which the perpetrator used a Smith & Wesson M&P15 AR-15 style rifle to kill 17 and wound 17 others, Lankford said on NBC News' Meet the Press he was open to requiring more comprehensive background checks for firearm purchases, saying, "The problem is not owning an AR-15, it’s the person who owns it.”[31][32][33]

Cannabis

Lankford opposed a 2018 ballot measure to legalize medical marijuana in Oklahoma, calling it "harmful to the social fabric of Oklahoma" and arguing that it would have a "dramatic effect on our families and our schools and our businesses and the future of our state".[34][35] He also appeared in a video ad calling for defeat of the initiative, stating: "Our families won't be better if more parents and grandparents smoke more marijuana."[36] The measure passed with 57% of the vote.[37]

In 2015, Lankford introduced the Keeping out Illegal Drugs (KIDS) Act to block federal funds for Indian tribes that allow the cultivation or distribution of marijuana on their land.[38] Lankford stated: "It is important for our nation to help address this issue for the sake of the next generation of Native Americans. This legislation is a good step in trying to protect young tribal members and fulfill our trust responsibility to Native Americans."[39]

Defense

Lankford supports extending the Patriot Act and expanding roving wiretaps occurring in the US.[27] He supports the prioritization of security, starting with military bases.[27]

Environment

Lankford supports expanding exploration of gas and oil both domestically and on the outer continental shelf.[27] He opposes the Environmental Protection Agency regulating emission standards as he believes it hinders economic growth.[27] Lankford believes manure and other fertilizers should not be classified as pollutants or hazardous.[27]

Lankford has rejected the scientific consensus on climate change, calling it a "myth" in 2010.[40] In 2018, he strongly criticized the National Science Foundation for funding projects that seek to increase reporting on climate change in weathercasts, saying it "is not science—it is propagandizing."[41][42]

Healthcare

Lankford opposes the Affordable Care Act and has voted to repeal it.[43][44] In a 2017 Facebook post, he claimed "Since 2013, a majority of states are seeing premiums and costs double, including states that expanded Medicaid".[45]

Lankford has stated his belief that federally funded health insurance is unconstitutional and that he will oppose any and all moves for a federal healthcare system.[27] He supported an initiative to allow Medicare choice and institute budget cuts.[27]

Abortion

Lankford opposes abortion.[27] He believes Congress should recognize life at the moment of fertilization.[27] He opposes any federally funded programs that allow for abortion, as well as Planned Parenthood and other similar groups.[27]

LGBT rights

Lankford speaking at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in 2016

Lankford opposes same-sex marriage. In the early days of his 2010 campaign for the House of Representatives, Lankford disparaged the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act, which expanded hate crime legislation to include greater penalties for hate crimes motivated by the victim's sexual orientation or race.[46]

Lankford supported Oklahoma Question 711, a statewide constitutional ban on same-sex marriage and civil unions that passed in 2004 with 75% of the vote and remained law until it was challenged in court and struck down by a federal judge as unconstitutional in 2014. Lankford lambasted the decision, saying that "marriage is a state issue and Oklahoma has spoken."[46] He also endorsed the Defense of Marriage Act and condemned the 2013 Supreme Court decision striking down parts of the law.

Lankford has defended businesses and individuals opposing LGBT rights, including Chick-fil-A in the wake of its denunciation over donations to groups opposing same-sex marriage, and Phil Robertson after he was suspended from Duck Dynasty in 2013 following comments regarded as anti-LGBT and racist. Lankford attacked A&E for suspending Robertson, writing that Robertson "should be able to speak his views without fear of being silenced."[46]

In 2012, five days after President Barack Obama announced his support for same-sex marriage, the first sitting U.S. president to do so, Lankford told a ThinkProgress interviewer that he believed homosexuality is a choice and that employers should be allowed to terminate workers for their sexual orientation: "I think it's a choice issue." After LGBT advocates condemned his statements, Lankford defended himself on local television, reiterating his view that homosexuality is a choice.[47][48][49]

After the Southern Poverty Law Center designated the Alliance Defending Freedom an anti-LGBT hate group, Lankford criticized the designation and defended the ADF, which had described same-sex marriage as a threat to "healthy, free and stable society."[50][51]

In 2015, Lankford condemned the Supreme Court ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges, which held that same-sex marriage bans violated the constitution.[52]

Xinjiang

In August 2018, Lankford, Marco Rubio and 15 other lawmakers urged the Trump administration to impose sanctions under the Global Magnitsky Act against Chinese officials responsible for human rights abuses in western China's Xinjiang region.[53] They wrote: "The detention of as many as a million or more Uyghurs and other predominantly Muslim ethnic minorities in "political reeducation” centers or camps requires a tough, targeted, and global response."[54]

Race relations

In June 2020, Lankford criticized President Trump's decision to walk to the St John's Episcopal Church near the White House, calling it "confrontational". In a BBC interview he said that racism passes on from one generation to the next, and he challenged families to invite a family of a different ethnicity to their home for a meal, to "allow friendship to develop where there has only been friendliness in the past".[55]

In January 2021, after Lankford questioned the validity of the 2020 presidential election, some Black Tulsa leaders called for him to resign from both the 1921 Race Massacre Centennial Committee and the Senate. They saw the false fraud allegations, which focused on primarily Black cities, as an attack on Black voters.[56] Lankford later apologized for his role in casting doubt on Black votes.[57]

2020 election

After Joe Biden won the 2020 presidential election and Trump refused to concede, Lankford said he would intervene and ensure that Biden, the incoming president, would receive intelligence briefings. Shortly thereafter, he backtracked, said the media had twisted his words, and said "I'm not in a hurry, necessarily, to get Joe Biden these briefings."[58]

Lankford initially announced plans to object to the counting of some swing states' electoral votes as part of an attempt to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election, but he reversed course after the 2021 United States Capitol attack.[59] He later apologized for casting doubt on the validity of the presidential election results in several swing states.[57]

Lankford voted to acquit in the second impeachment trial of Donald Trump.[60]

On May 28, 2021, Lankford voted against creating the January 6 commission.[61]

Earmarks

In 2021, Lankford opposed bringing back earmarks to the Senate.[62]

Debt ceiling

Lankford was among 31 Senate Republicans who voted against final passage of the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 to raise the debt ceiling.[63]

Religion

Lankford praised the United States Supreme Court decision Groff v. DeJoy for making it "clear to every employer that Americans can have a faith and live their faith everywhere, including at work".[64]

Personal life

Lankford and his wife, Cindy, have two daughters.[65] He attends Quail Springs Baptist Church, a Southern Baptist church in Oklahoma City.[66]

Electoral history

Oklahoma's 5th congressional district election, 2010

Republican primary
Party Candidate Votes  %
Republican James Lankford 18,760 33.58
Republican Kevin Calvey 18,147 32.48
Republican Mike Thompson 10,008 17.91
Republican Shane Jett 5,956 10.66
Republican Johnny Roy 1,548 2.77
Republican Rick Flanigan 762 1.36
Republican Harry Johnson 686 1.23
Total 55,867 100
Republican primary runoff
Party Candidate Votes  %
Republican James Lankford 29,817 65.22
Republican Kevin Calvey 15,902 34.78
Total 45,719 100
General election
Party Candidate Votes  %
Republican James Lankford 123,236 62.52
Democratic Billy Coyle 68,074 34.54
Independent Clark Duffe 3,067 1.56
Independent Dave White 2,728 1.38
Total 197,105 100
Republican hold

Oklahoma's 5th congressional district election, 2012

General election
Party Candidate Votes  %
Republican James Lankford (Incumbent) 153,603 58.70
Democratic Tom Guild 97,504 37.30
Independent Pat Martin 5,394 2.10
Independent Robert Murphy 5,176 2.00
Total 261,677 100
Republican hold

U.S. Senate special election in Oklahoma, 2014

Republican primary
Party Candidate Votes  %
Republican James Lankford 152,749 57.20
Republican T. W. Shannon 91,854 34.40
Republican Randy Brogdon 12,934 4.80
Republican Kevin Crow 2,828 1.10
Republican Andy Craig 2,427 0.90
Republican Eric McCray 2,272 0.90
Republican Jason Weger 1,794 0.70
Total 266,858 100
General election
Party Candidate Votes  %
Republican James Lankford 557,002 67.90
Democratic Connie Johnson 237,923 29.00
Independent Mark T. Beard 25,965 3.20
Total 820,890 100
Republican hold

U.S. Senate election in Oklahoma, 2016

General election
Party Candidate Votes  %
Republican James Lankford (Incumbent) 980,892 67.7
Democratic Mike Workman 355,911 24.58
Libertarian Robert Murphy 43,421 3.00
Independent Sean Braddy 40,405 2.79
Independent Mark T. Beard 27,418 1.89
Total 1,448,047 100.00
Republican hold

U.S. Senate election in Oklahoma, 2022

General election
Party Candidate Votes  %
Republican James Lankford (Incumbent) 739,960 64.3
Democratic Madison Horn 369,370 32.1
Independent Michael Delaney 20,907 1.8
Libertarian Kenneth Blevins 20,495 1.8
Total 100.00
Republican hold

References

  1. ↑ "About | Republican Policy Committee". Archived from the original on May 15, 2020. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 Ryan, John (October 27, 2010). "James Lankford (R)". National Journal. Archived from the original on November 7, 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  3. ↑ "FamilySearch.org". FamilySearch.
  4. ↑ "House Family".
  5. 1 2 3 4 Barone, Michael; Chuck McCutcheon (2011). The Almanac of American Politics 2012. Washington, D.C.: National Journal Group. pp. 1331–1333. ISBN 978-0-226-03807-0.
  6. 1 2 "Our Campaigns – Candidate – James Lankford". Our Campaigns. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  7. ↑ "Sen. James Lankford: What Our Nation Needs Most". Decision Magazine. December 1, 2020.
  8. 1 2 "OKL - Youth Minister to Congressman". www.okl.coop. Archived from the original on August 30, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
  9. ↑ "Rev. Lankford goes to Washington". Baptist News. December 2, 2010.
  10. ↑ "Lankford wins in primary upset". BaptistMessenger.com. August 9, 2010.
  11. ↑ "Oklahoma Primary Runoff Results". The New York Times. Retrieved February 19, 2020.
  12. ↑ Casteel, Chris (November 3, 2010). "Oklahoma elections: Republican James Lankford wins race to succeed Mary Fallin". The Oklahoman. Retrieved November 13, 2013. (subscription required)
  13. ↑ "Oklahoma Election Results - November 6, 2012". OKElections.us. Retrieved June 28, 2023.
  14. ↑ Berman, Russell (January 28, 2014). "Low-key Lankford says volume control his secret to success".
  15. ↑ "High noon: Obama and House GOP". POLITICO. March 13, 2013.
  16. ↑ "Committees and Caucuses". Archived from the original on October 3, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
  17. ↑ McCalmont, Lucy (January 20, 2014). "James Lankford announces Senate bid". Politico.
  18. ↑ Parti, Tarini (June 24, 2014). "James Lankford wins Okla. GOP Senate nomination outright". Politico. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
  19. ↑ "Oklahoma Election Results - November 4, 2014". Results.OKElections.us. Retrieved June 28, 2023.
  20. ↑ World, Paighten Harkins Tulsa (November 9, 2016). "James Lankford easily retains U.S. Senate seat; Markwayne Mullin re-elected to House". Tulsa World.
  21. ↑ Casteel, Chris (September 28, 2021). "State senator Nathan Dahm joins race against incumbent Sen. James Lankford". The Oklahoman. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
  22. ↑ Casteel, Chris (November 8, 2022). "James Lankford wins another term in US Senate". The Oklahoman. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
  23. ↑ "Lankford sworn in to Senate, a new member joins Congress". The Washington Times. January 6, 2015.
  24. ↑ "Bipartisan group of lawmakers backs new election security bill". The Hill. December 21, 2017. Archived from the original on December 24, 2017.
  25. ↑ "Listen Frontier: Sen. James Lankford speaks with The Frontier about abortion, immigration and more". The Frontier.
  26. ↑ "Lankford sworn in as Senior U.S. Senator for Oklahoma". KFOR.com. January 3, 2023. Archived from the original on January 3, 2023.
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "James Lankford (Republican, district 5)". On the Issues.
  28. ↑ "NRA-PVF | Grades | Oklahoma". nrapvf.org. NRA-PVF. Archived from the original on November 4, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  29. ↑ Eaton, Joshua (June 13, 2016). "10 Politicians Who Are Praying for the Orlando Victims And Have Taken Money From the NRA". Teen Vogue. Archived from the original on June 15, 2016. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  30. ↑ "NRA Endorses James Lankford for U.S. Senate in Oklahoma". NRA Political Victory Fund. September 12, 2014. Archived from the original on September 16, 2014. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  31. ↑ Koenig, Kailani (February 18, 2018). "GOP Sen. Lankford has 'no issue' with stronger gun background checks". Meet the Press. NBC News. Archived from the original on February 18, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  32. ↑ Fox, Lauren (February 21, 2018). "Congress wonders if this time will be different for gun control". CNN. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  33. ↑ Schallhorn, Kaitlyn (February 19, 2018). "Florida shooting sparks reactions from Republican senators on gun control". Fox News. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  34. ↑ Krehbiel, Randy (May 31, 2018). "Lankford: Legalization of medical marijuana would be 'harmful to the social fabric of Oklahoma'". Tulsa World. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  35. ↑ Wingerter, Justin (June 25, 2018). "James Lankford and pro-medical marijuana group bicker over biblical quotes". The Oklahoman. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  36. ↑ Venkataramanan, Meena (June 20, 2018). "For some Christian voters in Oklahoma, medical marijuana is a 'moral issue'". ABC News. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  37. ↑ "Oklahoma State Question 788, Medical Marijuana Legalization Initiative (June 2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  38. ↑ "Senate bill bars federal funds to tribes that grow marijuana". indianz.com. August 7, 2015. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  39. ↑ Casteel, Chris (August 6, 2015). "Lankford aims to link pot, tribes' funds". The Oklahoman. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  40. ↑ Cranley, Ellen (April 29, 2019). "These are the 130 current members of Congress who have doubted or denied climate change". businessinsider.com.
  41. ↑ "GOP senators challenge funding for global warming education program". NBC News. June 21, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  42. ↑ Thomsen, Jacqueline (June 21, 2018). "GOP senators call for probe of federal grants on climate change". TheHill. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  43. ↑ "Lankford: Obamacare repeal vote is not the final step on health care reform". PBS NewsHour. July 27, 2017. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  44. ↑ Snyder, Dan (July 28, 2017). "Lankford "deeply disappointed" in failed health care vote". KOKH. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  45. ↑ "Facebook Post By James Lankford". Facebook. 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2020.
  46. 1 2 3 "What The Oklahoma Congressman Who Just Announced A Senate Campaign Thinks About LGBT Americans". ThinkProgress. January 21, 2014.
  47. ↑ "James Lankford, GOP Rep, Opposes Laws Against Gay Employee Discrimination". HuffPost. May 14, 2012.
  48. ↑ "GOP Rep. Lankford Explains Why It Should Be Legal To Fire Someone For Being Gay: 'It's A Choice Issue'". ThinkProgress. May 14, 2012.
  49. ↑ "Oklahoma Rep. James Lankford Under Fire For Comments On Sexual Orientation". KOTV-DT. May 15, 2012.
  50. ↑ "Antigay Senator: Politicians Obligated to Proselytize". Advocate. November 16, 2018.
  51. ↑ "Lankford says group opposed to same-sex marriage is unfairly labeled". NewsOK. July 31, 2017.
  52. ↑ "The Voter's Self Defense System". Vote Smart. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  53. ↑ "Chairs Lead Bipartisan Letter Urging Administration to Sanction Chinese Officials Complicit in Xinjiang Abuses". www.cecc.gov. Congressional-Executive Commission on China.
  54. ↑ "China rejects US lawmakers' sanctions call over Muslim camps". Associated Press. August 30, 2018.
  55. ↑ "BBC World Service - Newshour, West Libya forces seize last LNA stronghold near capital". BBC.
  56. ↑ "Black Tulsa Leaders Want Sen. James Lankford To Resign After Backing Electoral College Challenge". NewsOne. January 15, 2021. Retrieved February 11, 2021.
  57. 1 2 Krehbiel, Randy (January 15, 2021). "Sen. James Lankford apologizes to Black Tulsans for questioning presidential election results". Tulsa World. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
  58. ↑ "Sen. Lankford Says He's 'Not in a Hurry' to Allow Intelligence Briefings for Biden - WSJ.com". WSJ. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  59. ↑ Rael, Zach (January 6, 2021). "Lankford changes course, withdraws objection to certify electoral vote following chaos in DC". Retrieved February 12, 2021.
  60. ↑ Martin, Brandon (February 13, 2021). "Lankford votes to acquit former President Trump, releases statement". KOKH. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  61. ↑ "Which senators supported a Jan. 6 Capitol riot commission". Washington Post. May 28, 2021.
  62. ↑ Timplinson, Joseph (April 15, 2021). "Oklahoma Senators Inhofe, Lankford Split Ahead Of Earmarks Vote". KGOU. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
  63. ↑ Folley, Aris (June 1, 2023). "Here are the senators who voted against the bill to raise the debt ceiling". The Hill. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  64. ↑ Krehbiel, Randy (July 2, 2023). "D.C. Digest: Oklahoma congressional delegation sings high court's praises". Tulsa World. Retrieved July 2, 2023.
  65. ↑ "Biography Congressman James Lankford". Lankford House website. Archived from the original on November 12, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  66. ↑ "Ten Southern Baptists sworn in as new reps". Baptist Press. January 5, 2011. Archived from the original on December 26, 2014. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
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