| Javindo | |
|---|---|
| Region | Java, Indonesia |
Native speakers | 10-99[1] (2007)[2] |
Dutch Creole
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | jvd |
| Glottolog | javi1237 |
| ELP | Javindo |
Javindo, also known by the pejorative name Krontjong, was a Dutch-based creole language spoken on Java, Indonesia. The name Javindo is a portmanteau of Java and Indo, the Dutch word for a person of mixed Indonesian and Dutch descent. This contact language developed from communication between Javanese-speaking mothers and Dutch-speaking fathers in Indo families. Its main speakers were Indo-Eurasian people. Its grammar was based on Javanese, and its vocabulary was based on the Dutch lexicon but pronounced in a Javanese manner.[3]
Even though most of the lexicon is derived from Dutch, the grammar of the language is mostly of Javanese origin, including elements such as morphology; lack of verbs; no past tense; no finite verb.[4]
It should not be confused with Petjo, a different Dutch- and Malay-based creole also spoken by Indo-Eurasians. With the loss of the generation that lived in the Dutch East Indies era, that language has almost died out.
Notes
- ↑ "Javindo". Endangered Languages Project. 2007.
- ↑ "Javindo". Endangered Languages Project. 2007.
- ↑ Willems, Wim Sporen van een Indisch verleden (1600–1942)., Part III by de Gruiter, V.E. (COMT, Leiden, 1994) ISBN 90-71042-44-8 P.140-143
- ↑ Willems, Wim Sporen van een Indisch verleden (1600–1942)., Part III by de Gruiter, V.E. (COMT, Leiden, 1994) ISBN 90-71042-44-8 P.150
Further reading
- De Gruiter, Miel (1994). "Javindo, a contact language in pre-war Semarang". In Peter Bakker & Maarten Mous (ed.). Mixed Languages: 15 Case Studies in Language Intertwining. Amsterdam: IFOTT. pp. 151–159.
- De Gruiter, Victor Emile (1994) [1990]. Het Javindo : de verboden taal. Den Haag: Moesson.