Jeffrey H. Siewerdsen
Born1969 (age 54–55)
Alma materUniversity of Michigan
University of Minnesota
Known forImage-guided surgery
AwardsMoses and Sylvia Greenfield Award (2015)
Sylvia Fedoruk Award (2005)
Farrington-Daniels Award (2002)
Sylvia Sorkin Greenfield Award (2001)
Scientific career
InstitutionsJohns Hopkins University
University of Toronto
William Beaumont Hospital
University of Michigan
University of Minnesota
ThesisSignal, Noise, and Detective Quantum Efficiency of a-Si:H Flat-Panel Imagers (1998)
Doctoral advisorLarry E. Antonuk
WebsiteThe I-STAR Lab
The Carnegie Center for Surgical Innovation

Jeffrey Harold Siewerdsen (born 1969) is an American physicist and biomedical engineer who is a Professor of Imaging Physics at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center as well as Biomedical Engineering, Computer Science, Radiology, and Neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins University.He is among the original inventors of cone-beam CT-guided radiotherapy[1] as well as weight-bearing cone-beam CT[2][3] for musculoskeletal radiology and orthopedic surgery. His work also includes the early development of flat-panel detectors on mobile C-arms for intraoperative cone-beam CT in image-guided surgery.[4] He developed early models for the signal and noise performance of flat-panel detectors[5] and later extended such analysis to dual-energy imaging[6] and 3D imaging performance in cone-beam CT.[7] He founded the ISTAR Lab (Imaging for Surgery, Therapy, and Radiology) in the Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Carnegie Center for Surgical Innovation at Johns Hopkins Hospital, and the Surgical Data Science Program at the Institute for Data Science in Oncology at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.

Biography and scientific work

Jeffrey Siewerdsen did his undergraduate studies at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, MN, where he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Physics and Astrophysics with a minor in Japanese in 1992. His undergraduate research experience included construction and testing of particle detectors for the Soudan 2 proton decay project.

Siewerdsen began graduate studies at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, MI, in 1992, working initially in high-energy physics (D0 experiment) under supervision of Professor Homer Neal and earning his Master of Science degree in Physics in 1994.

Siewerdsen's doctoral research involved early development of amorphous silicon Flat panel detector for medical x-ray imaging under the supervision of Professor Larry E. Antonuk. Siewerdsen's work focused on the development of early flat-panel detector systems for diagnostic radiography, fluoroscopy, and mammography as well as megavoltage portal imaging for guidance of radiation therapy. His doctoral dissertation[8] established mathematical models for the signal-to-noise properties (specifically, the modulation transfer function, noise-power spectrum, and detective quantum efficiency) of flat-panel x-ray detectors. His Ph.D. thesis was awarded the Kent M. Terwilliger Prize for Best Doctoral Dissertation in Physics, 1998.

Siewerdsen conducted post-graduate research beginning in 1998 as a Research Scientist at William Beaumont Hospital in Royal Oak, MI, with Dr. David Jaffray and Dr. John Wong on the topic of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT).[9][10] The Beaumont team produced the first IGRT system for CBCT, beginning with laboratory studies to investigate image quality characteristics,[11] and translating to clinical studies for guidance of prostate cancer therapy.[12]

Siewerdsen joined the Ontario Cancer Institute and University of Toronto Department of Medical Biophysics as a Scientist and Assistant Professor, respectively, in 2002, and subsequently as Senior Scientist and Associate Professor in 2007. Research in his laboratory focused on image-guided surgery, new imaging methods such as dual-energy imaging, and image registration. His work involved the development of early systems for cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with a flat-panel detector on mobile C-arms for image-guided surgery[13] and translated the first such systems to clinical studies in image-guided Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery[14][15][16] with Dr. Jonathan Irish. He also collaborated closely with Dr. Kristy Brock on deformable image registration using the Demons algorithm[17][18] and with Dr. Narinder Paul on development of dual-energy chest radiography systems for detection of early stage lung cancer.[19][20]

His research also extended cascaded systems models[21] for x-ray imaging performance to describe 3D imaging performance in CBCT[22][23] and helped to establish mathematical methods for imaging system optimization according to the imaging task.[24] Siewerdsen joined Johns Hopkins Biomedical Engineering as an Associate Professor in 2009 and subsequently as a Professor in 2012, with cross-appointment in Computer Science, Radiology, and Neurosurgery. He founded the I-STAR Lab (Imaging for Surgery, Therapy, and Radiology) [25] as a collaborative research endeavor bridging biomedical engineering with clinical collaborators at Johns Hopkins Hospital. In 2015, he established the Carnegie Center for Surgical Innovation in the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. He was also a John C. Malone Professor in Computer Science and Member of the Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare. Research in Siewerdsen's laboratory includes: mathematical modeling / imaging science of digital x-ray,[26] dual-energy imaging,[27] cone beam computed tomography (CBCT),[28] and computed tomography (CT) systems;[29] image-guided surgery;[30][31] multi-modality medical image registration;[32][33][34][35] new imaging systems for musculoskeletal radiology and orthopedic surgery;[36][37] and clinical research collaborations in robot-assisted surgery and data science related to medical imaging.

In 2022, Siewerdsen joined The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer as a Professor Imaging Physics, Radiation Physics, and Neurosurgery, where he directs the Surgical Data Science Program in the Institute for Data Science in Oncology.

Notable scientific contributions from Siewerdsen's work include:

References

  1. ↑ Jaffray, David A; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H; Wong, John W; Martinez, Alvaro A (2002). "Flat-panel cone-beam computed tomography for image-guided radiation therapy". International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 53 (5): 1337–1349. doi:10.1016/s0360-3016(02)02884-5. PMID 12128137.
  2. ↑ Zbijewski, W.; De Jean, P.; Prakash, P.; Ding, Y.; Stayman, J. W.; Packard, N.; Senn, R.; Yang, D.; Yorkston, J. (2011-08-01). "A dedicated cone-beam CT system for musculoskeletal extremities imaging: Design, optimization, and initial performance characterization". Medical Physics. 38 (8): 4700–4713. Bibcode:2011MedPh..38.4700Z. doi:10.1118/1.3611039. ISSN 2473-4209. PMC 3172864. PMID 21928644.
  3. ↑ Carrino, John A.; Al Muhit, Abdullah; Zbijewski, Wojciech; Thawait, Gaurav K.; Stayman, J. Webster; Packard, Nathan; Senn, Robert; Yang, Dong; Foos, David H. (2013-11-18). "Dedicated Cone-Beam CT System for Extremity Imaging". Radiology. 270 (3): 816–824. doi:10.1148/radiol.13130225. ISSN 0033-8419. PMC 4263642. PMID 24475803.
  4. ↑ Siewerdsen, J. H.; Moseley, D. J.; Burch, S.; Bisland, S. K.; Bogaards, A.; Wilson, B. C.; Jaffray, D. A. (2005-01-01). "Volume CT with a flat-panel detector on a mobile, isocentric C-arm: Pre-clinical investigation in guidance of minimally invasive surgery". Medical Physics. 32 (1): 241–254. Bibcode:2005MedPh..32..241S. doi:10.1118/1.1836331. ISSN 2473-4209. PMID 15719975.
  5. ↑ Siewerdsen, J. H.; Antonuk, L. E.; El-Mohri, Y.; Yorkston, J.; Huang, W.; Cunningham, I. A. (1998-05-01). "Signal, noise power spectrum, and detective quantum efficiency of indirect-detection flat-panel imagers for diagnostic radiology". Medical Physics. 25 (5): 614–628. Bibcode:1998MedPh..25..614S. doi:10.1118/1.598243. hdl:2027.42/135120. ISSN 2473-4209. PMID 9608470. S2CID 22972871.
  6. ↑ Richard, S.; Siewerdsen, J. H.; Jaffray, D. A.; Moseley, D. J.; Bakhtiar, B. (2005-05-01). "Generalized DQE analysis of radiographic and dual-energy imaging using flat-panel detectors". Medical Physics. 32 (5): 1397–1413. Bibcode:2005MedPh..32.1397R. doi:10.1118/1.1901203. ISSN 2473-4209. PMID 15984691. S2CID 25037074.
  7. ↑ Tward, Daniel J.; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H. (2008-12-01). "Cascaded systems analysis of the 3D noise transfer characteristics of flat-panel cone-beam CT". Medical Physics. 35 (12): 5510–5529. Bibcode:2008MedPh..35.5510T. doi:10.1118/1.3002414. ISSN 2473-4209. PMC 2673616. PMID 19175110.
  8. ↑ Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H. (1998-11-01). "Signal, noise, and detective quantum efficiency of a-Si:H flat-panel imagers" (PDF). Medical Physics. 25 (11): 2250. Bibcode:1998MedPh..25.2250S. doi:10.1118/1.598427. hdl:2027.42/135065. ISSN 2473-4209.
  9. ↑ Jaffray, David A; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H; Wong, John W; Martinez, Alvaro A (2002). "Flat-panel cone-beam computed tomography for image-guided radiation therapy". International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 53 (5): 1337–1349. doi:10.1016/s0360-3016(02)02884-5. PMID 12128137.
  10. ↑ Jaffray, D. A.; Siewerdsen, J. H. (2000-06-01). "Cone-beam computed tomography with a flat-panel imager: Initial performance characterization". Medical Physics. 27 (6): 1311–1323. Bibcode:2000MedPh..27.1311J. doi:10.1118/1.599009. ISSN 2473-4209. PMID 10902561. S2CID 5912142.
  11. ↑ Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.; Jaffray, David A. (2001-02-01). "Cone-beam computed tomography with a flat-panel imager: Magnitude and effects of x-ray scatter". Medical Physics. 28 (2): 220–231. Bibcode:2001MedPh..28..220S. doi:10.1118/1.1339879. ISSN 2473-4209. PMID 11243347. S2CID 36436056.
  12. ↑ Létourneau, Daniel; Wong, John W.; Oldham, Mark; Gulam, Misbah; Watt, Lindsay; Jaffray, David A.; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.; Martinez, Alvaro A. (2005). "Cone-beam-CT guided radiation therapy: technical implementation". Radiotherapy and Oncology. 75 (3): 279–286. doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2005.03.001. PMID 15890424.
  13. ↑ Siewerdsen, J. H.; Moseley, D. J.; Burch, S.; Bisland, S. K.; Bogaards, A.; Wilson, B. C.; Jaffray, D. A. (2005-01-01). "Volume CT with a flat-panel detector on a mobile, isocentric C-arm: Pre-clinical investigation in guidance of minimally invasive surgery". Medical Physics. 32 (1): 241–254. Bibcode:2005MedPh..32..241S. doi:10.1118/1.1836331. ISSN 2473-4209. PMID 15719975.
  14. ↑ Daly, M. J.; Siewerdsen, J. H.; Moseley, D. J.; Jaffray, D. A.; Irish, J. C. (2006-10-01). "Intraoperative cone-beam CT for guidance of head and neck surgery: Assessment of dose and image quality using a C-arm prototype". Medical Physics. 33 (10): 3767–3780. Bibcode:2006MedPh..33.3767D. doi:10.1118/1.2349687. ISSN 2473-4209. PMID 17089842.
  15. ↑ Rafferty, M A.; Siewerdsen, J H.; Chan, Y; Moseley, D J.; Daly, M J.; Jaffray, D A.; Irish, J C. (2005-12-01). "Investigation of C-Arm Cone-Beam CT-Guided Surgery of the Frontal Recess". The Laryngoscope. 115 (12): 2138–2143. doi:10.1097/01.mlg.0000180759.52082.45. ISSN 1531-4995. PMID 16369157. S2CID 26176142.
  16. ↑ Rafferty, Mark A.; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.; Chan, Yvonne; Daly, Michael J.; Moseley, Douglas J.; Jaffray, David A.; Irish, Jonathan C. (2016-05-17). "Intraoperative Cone-beam CT for Guidance of Temporal Bone Surgery". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 134 (5): 801–808. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2005.12.007. PMID 16647538. S2CID 30246312.
  17. ↑ Nithiananthan, S.; Brock, K. K.; Daly, M. J.; Chan, H.; Irish, J. C.; Siewerdsen, J. H. (2009-10-01). "Demons deformable registration for CBCT-guided procedures in the head and neck: Convergence and accuracy". Medical Physics. 36 (10): 4755–4764. Bibcode:2009MedPh..36.4755N. doi:10.1118/1.3223631. ISSN 2473-4209. PMC 2771717. PMID 19928106.
  18. ↑ Nithiananthan, Sajendra; Schafer, Sebastian; Mirota, Daniel J.; Stayman, J. Webster; Zbijewski, Wojciech; Reh, Douglas D.; Gallia, Gary L.; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H. (2012-09-01). "Extra-dimensional Demons: A method for incorporating missing tissue in deformable image registration". Medical Physics. 39 (9): 5718–5731. Bibcode:2012MedPh..39.5718N. doi:10.1118/1.4747270. ISSN 2473-4209. PMC 3443194. PMID 22957637.
  19. ↑ Shkumat, N. A.; Siewerdsen, J. H.; Dhanantwari, A. C.; Williams, D. B.; Richard, S.; Paul, N. S.; Yorkston, J.; Van Metter, R. (2007-10-01). "Optimization of image acquisition techniques for dual-energy imaging of the chest". Medical Physics. 34 (10): 3904–3915. Bibcode:2007MedPh..34.3904S. doi:10.1118/1.2777278. ISSN 2473-4209. PMID 17985636. S2CID 43923656.
  20. ↑ Kashani, Hany; Varon, Carlos A.; Paul, Narinder S.; Gang, Grace J.; Metter, Rich Van; Yorkston, John; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H. (March 2010). "Diagnostic Performance of a Prototype Dual-Energy Chest Imaging System" (PDF). Academic Radiology. 17 (3): 298–308. doi:10.1016/j.acra.2009.10.012. hdl:1807/27355. PMID 20042351.
  21. ↑ Siewerdsen, J. H.; Antonuk, L. E.; El-Mohri, Y.; Yorkston, J.; Huang, W.; Boudry, J. M.; Cunningham, I. A. (1997-01-01). "Empirical and theoretical investigation of the noise performance of indirect detection, active matrix flat-panel imagers (AMFPIs) for diagnostic radiology". Medical Physics. 24 (1): 71–89. Bibcode:1997MedPh..24...71S. doi:10.1118/1.597919. ISSN 2473-4209. PMID 9029542. S2CID 37365180.
  22. ↑ Tward, Daniel J.; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H. (2008-12-01). "Cascaded systems analysis of the 3D noise transfer characteristics of flat-panel cone-beam CT". Medical Physics. 35 (12): 5510–5529. Bibcode:2008MedPh..35.5510T. doi:10.1118/1.3002414. ISSN 2473-4209. PMC 2673616. PMID 19175110.
  23. ↑ Tward, Daniel J.; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H. (2009-08-01). "Noise aliasing and the 3D NEQ of flat-panel cone-beam CT: Effect of 2D/3D apertures and sampling". Medical Physics. 36 (8): 3830–3843. Bibcode:2009MedPh..36.3830T. doi:10.1118/1.3166933. ISSN 2473-4209. PMC 2755461. PMID 19746816.
  24. ↑ Gang, Grace J.; Lee, Junghoon; Stayman, J. Webster; Tward, Daniel J.; Zbijewski, W.; Prince, Jerry L.; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H. (2011-04-01). "Analysis of Fourier-domain task-based detectability index in tomosynthesis and cone-beam CT in relation to human observer performance". Medical Physics. 38 (4): 1754–1768. Bibcode:2011MedPh..38.1754G. doi:10.1118/1.3560428. ISSN 2473-4209. PMC 3069989. PMID 21626910.
  25. ↑ "I-STAR Lab | Imaging for Surgery, Therapy, and Radiology". istar.jhu.edu. Retrieved 2017-11-13.
  26. ↑ Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H. (2011). "Cone-beam CT with a flat-panel detector: From image science to image-guided surgery". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 648 (S1): S241–S250. Bibcode:2011NIMPA.648S.241S. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2010.11.088. PMC 3429946. PMID 22942510.
  27. ↑ Richard, S.; Siewerdsen, J. H. (2007-01-01). "Optimization of dual-energy imaging systems using generalized NEQ and imaging task". Medical Physics. 34 (1): 127–139. Bibcode:2007MedPh..34..127R. doi:10.1118/1.2400620. ISSN 2473-4209. PMID 17278498.
  28. ↑ Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.; Jaffray, David A. (2000-08-01). "Optimization of x-ray imaging geometry (with specific application to flat-panel cone-beam computed tomography)". Medical Physics. 27 (8): 1903–1914. Bibcode:2000MedPh..27.1903S. doi:10.1118/1.1286590. ISSN 2473-4209. PMID 10984236.
  29. ↑ Bian, Junguo; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.; Han, Xiao; Sidky, Emil Y.; Prince, Jerry L.; Pelizzari, Charles A.; Xiaochuan Pan (2010). "Evaluation of sparse-view reconstruction from flat-panel-detector cone-beam CT". Physics in Medicine and Biology. 55 (22): 6575–99. Bibcode:2010PMB....55.6575B. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/55/22/001. ISSN 0031-9155. PMC 3597413. PMID 20962368.
  30. ↑ Schafer, S.; Nithiananthan, S.; Mirota, D. J.; Uneri, A.; Stayman, J. W.; Zbijewski, W.; Schmidgunst, C.; Kleinszig, G.; Khanna, A. J. (2011-08-01). "Mobile C-arm cone-beam CT for guidance of spine surgery: Image quality, radiation dose, and integration with interventional guidance". Medical Physics. 38 (8): 4563–4574. Bibcode:2011MedPh..38.4563S. doi:10.1118/1.3597566. ISSN 2473-4209. PMC 3161502. PMID 21928628.
  31. ↑ Wang, Adam S; Stayman, J Webster; Otake, Yoshito; Kleinszig, Gerhard; Vogt, Sebastian; Gallia, Gary L; Khanna, A Jay; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H (2014). "Soft-tissue imaging with C-arm cone-beam CT using statistical reconstruction". Physics in Medicine and Biology. 59 (4): 1005–1026. Bibcode:2014PMB....59.1005W. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/59/4/1005. PMC 4046706. PMID 24504126.
  32. ↑ Nithiananthan, Sajendra; Schafer, Sebastian; Uneri, Ali; Mirota, Daniel J.; Stayman, J. Webster; Zbijewski, Wojciech; Brock, Kristy K.; Daly, Michael J.; Chan, Harley (2011-04-01). "Demons deformable registration of CT and cone-beam CT using an iterative intensity matching approach". Medical Physics. 38 (4): 1785–1798. Bibcode:2011MedPh..38.1785N. doi:10.1118/1.3555037. ISSN 2473-4209. PMC 3069990. PMID 21626913.
  33. ↑ Reaungamornrat, S; Wang, A S; Uneri, A; Otake, Y; Khanna, A J; Siewerdsen, J H (2014). "Deformable image registration with local rigidity constraints for cone-beam CT-guided spine surgery". Physics in Medicine and Biology. 59 (14): 3761–3787. Bibcode:2014PMB....59.3761R. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/59/14/3761. PMC 4118832. PMID 24937093.
  34. ↑ Reaungamornrat, S; Silva, T De; Uneri, A; Goerres, J; Jacobson, M; Ketcha, M; Vogt, S; Kleinszig, G; Khanna, A J (2016). "Performance evaluation of MIND demons deformable registration of MR and CT images in spinal interventions". Physics in Medicine and Biology. 61 (23): 8276–8297. Bibcode:2016PMB....61.8276R. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/61/23/8276. PMC 5217769. PMID 27811396.
  35. ↑ Uneri, Ali; Nithiananthan, Sajendra; Schafer, Sebastian; Otake, Yoshito; Stayman, J. Webster; Kleinszig, Gerhard; Sussman, Marc S.; Prince, Jerry L.; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H. (2013-01-01). "Deformable registration of the inflated and deflated lung in cone-beam CT-guided thoracic surgery: Initial investigation of a combined model- and image-driven approach". Medical Physics. 40 (1): 017501. Bibcode:2013MedPh..40a7501U. doi:10.1118/1.4767757. ISSN 2473-4209. PMC 3537709. PMID 23298134.
  36. ↑ Prakash, P.; Zbijewski, W.; Gang, G. J.; Ding, Y.; Stayman, J. W.; Yorkston, J.; Carrino, J. A.; Siewerdsen, J. H. (2011-10-01). "Task-based modeling and optimization of a cone-beam CT scanner for musculoskeletal imaging". Medical Physics. 38 (10): 5612–5629. Bibcode:2011MedPh..38.5612P. doi:10.1118/1.3633937. ISSN 2473-4209. PMC 3208412. PMID 21992379.
  37. ↑ Carrino, John A.; Al Muhit, Abdullah; Zbijewski, Wojciech; Thawait, Gaurav K.; Stayman, J. Webster; Packard, Nathan; Senn, Robert; Yang, Dong; Foos, David H. (2013-11-18). "Dedicated Cone-Beam CT System for Extremity Imaging". Radiology. 270 (3): 816–824. doi:10.1148/radiol.13130225. ISSN 0033-8419. PMC 4263642. PMID 24475803.
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  39. ↑ Mirota, Daniel J.; Uneri, Ali; Schafer, Sebastian; Nithiananthan, Sajendra; Reh, Douglas D.; Gallia, Gary L.; Taylor, Russell H.; Hager, Gregory D.; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H. (2011-03-02). "High-accuracy 3D image-based registration of endoscopic video to C-arm cone-beam CT for image-guided skull base surgery". In Wong, Kenneth H; Holmes Iii, David R (eds.). Medical Imaging 2011: Visualization, Image-Guided Procedures, and Modeling. Vol. 7964. International Society for Optics and Photonics. pp. 79640J. doi:10.1117/12.877803. S2CID 45754324.
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  42. ↑ Xu, Jennifer; Sisniega, Alejandro; Zbijewski, Wojciech; Dang, Hao; Stayman, J. Webster; Mow, Michael; Wang, Xiaohui; Foos, David H.; Koliatsos, Vassillis E. (October 2016). "Technical assessment of a prototype cone-beam CT system for imaging of acute intracranial hemorrhage". Medical Physics. 43 (10): 5745. Bibcode:2016MedPh..43.5745X. doi:10.1118/1.4963220. ISSN 2473-4209. PMID 27782694.
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  44. ↑ Reaungamornrat, S.; Silva, T. De; Uneri, A.; Vogt, S.; Kleinszig, G.; Khanna, A. J.; Wolinsky, J. P.; Prince, J. L.; Siewerdsen, J. H. (November 2016). "MIND Demons: Symmetric Diffeomorphic Deformable Registration of MR and CT for Image-Guided Spine Surgery". IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. 35 (11): 2413–2424. doi:10.1109/TMI.2016.2576360. ISSN 0278-0062. PMC 5097014. PMID 27295656.
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  47. ↑ Nithiananthan, Sajendra; Schafer, Sebastian; Uneri, Ali; Mirota, Daniel J.; Stayman, J. Webster; Zbijewski, Wojciech; Brock, Kristy K.; Daly, Michael J.; Chan, Harley (2011-04-01). "Demons deformable registration of CT and cone-beam CT using an iterative intensity matching approach". Medical Physics. 38 (4): 1785–1798. Bibcode:2011MedPh..38.1785N. doi:10.1118/1.3555037. ISSN 2473-4209. PMC 3069990. PMID 21626913.
  48. ↑ Nithiananthan, Sajendra; Schafer, Sebastian; Mirota, Daniel J.; Stayman, J. Webster; Zbijewski, Wojciech; Reh, Douglas D.; Gallia, Gary L.; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H. (2012-09-01). "Extra-dimensional Demons: A method for incorporating missing tissue in deformable image registration". Medical Physics. 39 (9): 5718–5731. Bibcode:2012MedPh..39.5718N. doi:10.1118/1.4747270. ISSN 2473-4209. PMC 3443194. PMID 22957637.
  49. ↑ Gang, G. J.; Tward, D. J.; Lee, J.; Siewerdsen, J. H. (2010-05-01). "Anatomical background and generalized detectability in tomosynthesis and cone-beam CT". Medical Physics. 37 (5): 1948–1965. Bibcode:2010MedPh..37.1948G. doi:10.1118/1.3352586. ISSN 2473-4209. PMC 2862054. PMID 20527529.
  50. ↑ Tward, Daniel J.; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H. (2008-12-01). "Cascaded systems analysis of the 3D noise transfer characteristics of flat-panel cone-beam CT". Medical Physics. 35 (12): 5510–5529. Bibcode:2008MedPh..35.5510T. doi:10.1118/1.3002414. ISSN 2473-4209. PMC 2673616. PMID 19175110.
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