Jiangjunmiao
Jiangjunmiao is located in Dzungaria
Jiangjunmiao
Shown within Dzungaria
LocationQitai County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China
Coordinates44°42′00″N 89°59′00″E / 44.70000°N 89.98333°E / 44.70000; 89.98333
Jiangjunmiao
Traditional Chinese將軍廟
Simplified Chinese将军庙
Literal meaning"General's Temple"

Jiangjunmiao (Chinese: 将军庙, pinyin: Jiàngjūnmiào) is a ruin and fossil site in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China.

Geography

Jiangjunmiao is located in the Junggar Basin near the border with Mongolia, on a mesa and at the top of an alluvial slope.[1][2] There is a single dirt road which connects the ruins to the nearby city of Qitai, and the Ürümqi–Dzungaria railway connects the site to Zhundong but offers no passenger service.[3] The closest inhabited area is a remote nature park maintained by the county government which hosts the area's petrified forest. The area around the ruins is known as the "Jiangjun Gobi" in reference to the ruin.[4]

The site is located only 33.4 kilometres (20.8 mi) from one of the 45×90 points, four sites on Earth located exactly between a geographical pole (the North Pole) and the Equator, as well as the Prime Meridian and International Date Line. Jiangjunmiao is the closest named location to the 45x90 point where the 45th parallel north and 90th meridian east converge.[5]

Temperatures in the area can reach 120 °F (49 °C) in the summer months as westward winds blow hot air in from the Gobi Desert.[1]

History

Jiangjunmiao was originally established as a temple memorializing Yang Xigu (楊襲古), a Tang dynasty general who led an army against Turkic nomads in defence of the Silk Road and served as the chief imperial censor (御史大夫, yushidafu) of the Beiting Protectorate around 789.[6] According to legend, the army was successful in securing the area but while returning eastward all of the soldiers died of dehydration passing through the desert; Yangxigu and his men were buried where they were found, and Jiangjunmiao ("General Temple") was established at the burial site.[4][7]

Jiangjunmiao was abandoned some time during the 19th or 20th century. A number of structures including a wooden inn remained standing when palaeontologist Zhao Xijin visited the ruins in 1981,[8] and by 2004 the only remaining structures in the village were a series of damaged mud walls.[5]

Geology

Coal mining

Jiangjunmiao lends its name to the Jiangjunmiao mining area, which is part of the East Junggar coalfield. The average thickness of coal seams at and around Jiangjunmiao is 30.62 metres (100.5 ft).[9]

Palaeontology

Monolophosaurus jiangi, discovered at and named for Jiangjunmiao

Jiangjunmiao serves as a locality of the Shishugou Formation, a Late Jurassic formation. Beginning in 1981, Jiangjunmiao has served as an important palaeontological dig site and many dinosaur fossils have been discovered in the area,[1][8] though the earliest finds date back to 1928 when Tienshanosaurus was discovered by Yuan Fu.[2]

The holotype specimens of Monolophosaurus and Sinraptor were discovered in the vicinity by researchers from the China-Canada Dinosaur Project. Fossils of Mamenchisaurus have also been found at the site. Before its name was finalized, Monolophosaurus was known alternatively as "Jiangjunmiaosaurus" and "Monolophosaurus jiangjunmiaoi" in reference to the ruins where it was found.[7] Jiangjunosaurus was named in 2007 in reference to Jiangjunmiao.[8][10]

Various institutions have participated in digs at Jiangjunmiao including George Washington University, the Guangdong Museum, the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, the National Autonomous University of Mexico, Northern Arizona University, and the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Clark, James. "2002 Expedition". gwu.edu. George Washington University. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  2. 1 2 Clark, James. "Xinjiang". gwu.edu. George Washington University. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  3. ↑ "Station Info - Jiangjunmiao". cnrail.geogv.org. China Railway Map. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  4. 1 2 "General Gobi (Jiangjun Gobi)". xinjiangtravel.org. Xinjiang Travel Experts. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  5. 1 2 Michaels, Greg. "45°N 90°E". confluence.org. Degree Confluence Project. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  6. ↑ "T No. 780a: 佛說十力經". suttacentral.net. Sutta Central. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  7. 1 2 Holley, David (23 October 1987). "2nd Creature Was Meat-Eater : Fossil Remains of Huge Dinosaur Found in China". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  8. 1 2 3 Zhao, Xijin; Currie, Phillip J. (1993). "A large crested theropod from the Jurassic of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 30 (10): 2027–2036. Bibcode:1993CaJES..30.2027Z. doi:10.1139/e93-178. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  9. ↑ Dongdong, Qin; Xufeng, Wang; Dongsheng, Zhang; Weiming, Guan; Lei, Zhang; Mengtang, Xu (2019). "Occurrence Characteristic and Mining Technology of Ultra-thick Coal Seam in Xinjiang, China". Sustainability. 11 (22): 6470. doi:10.3390/su11226470.
  10. ↑ Brett-Surman, M. K.; Holtz, Jr., Thomas R.; Farlow, James O. (2012). The Complete Dinosaur (2nd ed.). Indiana University Press. p. 488. ISBN 978-0-253-35701-4.
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