South Moravian Region
Jihomoravský kraj
Region
Flag of South Moravian Region
Flag
Coat of arms of South Moravian Region
Coat of arms
CountryCzech Republic
CapitalBrno
DistrictsBlansko District, Břeclav District, Brno-City District, Brno-Country District, Hodonín District, Vyškov District, Znojmo District
Government
 • GovernorJan Grolich (KDU-ČSL)
Area
 • Total7,187.83 km2 (2,775.24 sq mi)
Highest elevation
819 m (2,687 ft)
Population
 (2023-01-01)[1]
 • Total1,217,200
 • Density170/km2 (440/sq mi)
GDP
[2]
 • TotalCZK 671.259 billion
(€26.179 billion)
ISO 3166 codeCZ-64
Vehicle registrationB
Websitewww.kr-jihomoravsky.cz

The South Moravian Region (Czech: Jihomoravský kraj; German: Südmährische Region, pronounced [zyːtˈmɛːʁɪʃə ʁeˈɡi̯oːn]; Slovak: Juhomoravský kraj), or just South Moravia, is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-western part of its historical region of Moravia (an exception is Jobova Lhota which traditionally belongs to Bohemia). The region's capital is Brno, the nation's 2nd largest city. South Moravia is bordered by the South Bohemian Region to the west, Vysočina Region to the north-west, Pardubice Region to the north, Olomouc Region to the north-east, Zlín Region to the east, Trenčín and Trnava Regions, Slovakia to the south-east and Lower Austria, Austria to the south.

Administrative divisions

The South Moravian Region is divided into 7 districts (Czech: okres):

Districts of South Moravia Region
  Blansko
  Břeclav
  Brno City
  Brno-Venkov (Brno Country)
  Hodonín
  Vyškov
  Znojmo

There are in total 673 municipalities in the region, of which 49 have the status of towns. There are 21 municipalities with extended powers and 34 municipalities with a delegated municipal office.[3]

The region is famous for its wine production. The area around the towns of Mikulov, Znojmo, Velké Pavlovice, Bzenec, Strážnice, Kyjov along with the Slovácko region provide 94% of the Czech Republic's vineyards.

Population

The region has approximately 1,217,000 inhabitants. The net migration has been positive in all years since 2003, reaching its peak in 2007 when it reached 7,374 people. Since 2007 the region has also experienced natural population growth. In 2012 there were 37 thousand foreigners living in the region, forming 3.2% of the total population of the region.

The average age of citizens in the region was 42.4 years in 2019.[1] The average age has grown by 5 years over the last two decades. The life expectancy at birth in 2012 was 75.2 years for men and 81.7 years for women. Life expectancy has been growing over recent years. The divorce-marriage ratio in the region was 60.3 in 2012.[4]

One third of the region's population lives in the capital Brno. The share of inhabitants living in towns and cities on the total population of the region has been steadily decreasing due to suburbanization. The table below displays 12 municipalities with the highest number of inhabitants in the region (as of 1 January 2019):[5]

Name Population Area (km2) District
Brno380,681230Brno-City District
Znojmo33,78066Znojmo District
Břeclav24,70477Břeclav District
Hodonín24,68263Hodonín District
Vyškov20,88350Vyškov District
Blansko20,57245Blansko District
Boskovice11,62228Blansko District
Kyjov11,21830Hodonín District
Veselí nad Moravou11,00635Hodonín District
Kuřim10,99717Brno-Country District
Ivančice9,74248Brno-Country District
Tišnov9,25717Brno-Country District
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1869668,256—    
1880729,148+9.1%
1890785,303+7.7%
1900849,875+8.2%
1910936,159+10.2%
YearPop.±%
1921970,713+3.7%
19301,045,447+7.7%
1950977,892−6.5%
19611,062,238+8.6%
19701,084,485+2.1%
YearPop.±%
19801,141,993+5.3%
19911,144,160+0.2%
20011,134,780−0.8%
20111,163,505+2.5%
20211,197,651+2.9%
Source: Censuses[6][7]

Geography

With an area of 7,187.8 km2[3] the South Moravian Region is the fourth largest region of the Czech Republic. The highest point of the region is located in the eastern part on Durda mountain (842 m). The point with the lowest elevation (150 m) is situated in Břeclav District at the meeting of the rivers Morava and Dyje.

The northern and north-western part of the region is covered by the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands (Czech: Českomoravská vrchovina) and the Moravian Karst. There is an extensive cave complex in the Moravian Karst with a 138.5 m depth in the Macocha Gorge in the Punkva Caves. In the eastern part, the region reaches to the Carpathian Mountains. The Bohemian-Moravian Highlands and the Carpathian Mountains are separated by the Lower-Moravian Valley (Czech: Dolnomoravský úval). The southern part of the region is predominantly flat and dominated by fields, meadows, and the remainders of riparian forests.

The largest river of the region is the Morava river. Other significant rivers are the Dyje, Svratka (and its tributary the Svitava), which are all tributaries of the Morava river. The whole region belongs to the drainage basin of the Danube and subsequently of the Black Sea.

There are a number of landscape parks (Czech: chráněná krajinná oblast) located across the region: the White Carpathians Landscape Park, the Moravian Karst Landscape Park and Pálava Landscape Park. Moreover, Podyjí National Park is situated in the south-eastern part of the region.

Major events

2021 tornado

On the evening of 24 June 2021, a large IF4 tornado,[8] the most powerful in modern Czech history,[9] devastated multiple villages within the Břeclav and Hodonín districts. It killed at least 6 people[10] and injured at least 200 others.[11] The tornado tracked 27.1 kilometers (16.8 miles) with a max width of 2.8 kilometers (1.7 miles)[12] This tornado was one of seven that touched down in Europe that day. It is estimated that this tornado caused over 15 billion CZK in damages. A total of 1,202 buildings were damaged by the tornado, 180 of which had to be demolished completely or partially. Well constructed homes were partly or entirely destroyed, including one that indicated IF5 intensity. However, a rather weak connection between the roof and the walls was found, which prevented the damage to be assigned an IF5 rating. Cars were mangled distances and into buildings. A car was thrown 200 meters into a field, with the engine found 150 meters away. Trucks, trailers, busses and other large vehicles were overturned or tossed. pylon of 400 kV power lines were toppled. Trees were uprooted, snapped, debranched and debarked. A factory in Lužice was heavily damaged with multiple vehicles mangled into the building. Some trees at the factory sustained severe denuding. Empty large containers were thrown and a solar farm was severely damaged. In Hodonín, a large and multi-story building found at the northern edge of the town had Its roof and interior significantly damaged. Wooden and steel beams from the roof were found impaled into the ground around the buildings and bent by the wind. Large concrete floor tiles were plucked out of the ground and thrown away. In Mikulčice, A bus with several passengers inside was thrown over a small hill, impacting a one-storey brick home. large concrete panels measuring 3 x 1 x 0.1 m were moved several meters. In hrusky, a caravan weighing 7 tonnes was tossed 20 meters away, flying over a garage. Several heavy trailers and tractors as well as large concrete blocks from a hay storing structure were lifted and thrown by the tornado.[13]

Living conditions

In 2016, three-quarters of households in the region had a computer and 75% of the households had Internet connection.[14] There were in total 781 thousand motor vehicles, of which 482 thousand were cars and 110 thousand were motorbikes.

The unemployment rate in the region was 4.3% as of October 2017.[15]

Economy

The nominal gross domestic product of the South Moravian Region was 671.259 billion CZK in 2021, which is nearly 11% of the national GDP. Among other regions, South Moravian Region had the third largest share on the national GDP out of fourteen. The GDP per capita was 562.278 CZK (23.428 EUR) in the same period, which is 98.5% of the national average and the second highest result after region Prague.

  • Industry
Office towers in Brno

Mechanical engineering has an essential role in the economy of the region. Important centers of mechanical engineering are Brno (PBS, Siemens, Zetor Brno), Blansko (ČKD Blansko, Metra Blansko), Kuřim (TOS Kuřim), Boskovice (Minerva, Novibra) and Břeclav (OTIS). Electrical engineering has a tradition for more than a century. Significant producers are Siemens Drásov, VUES Brno and ZPA Brno. Food industry forms another important sector, especially in the southern and eastern part of the region. Important activities are the meat processing, canning of fruits and vegetables (Znojmia, Fruta), sugar industry, brewing (Starobrno, Černá Hora, Vyškov and Hostan) and winemaking (Lahofer, Znovín Znojmo, Vinium Velké Pavlovice). Chemical and pharmaceutical industry is concentrated especially in Brno (Pliva-Lachema), Ivanovice na Hané (Bioveta) and Veverská Bítýška (Hartmann Rico).

  • Transport

The South-Moravian Region has an important role in the nation and international transit. It is served by a network of motorways and roads of almost 4,500 km. The motorways D1 and D2 and the expressways R43 and R52 form the skeleton of the road network in the region. Brno is an important crossing of road and railway transport and a hub of the integrated regional public transport system.

Brno has an international airport Brno–Tuřany. The airport was opened in 1954 and in 2012 it served 535 thousand passengers.

  • Agriculture

The agricultural land covers 426 thousand ha, which is 59.3% of all land in the regions. The arable land occupies 49% of the total area. Znojmo District and Vyškov District have the highest proportion of arable land in the region. The agricultural production is oriented on the production of cereals, rapeseed and sugar beet. Other important agricultural sectors in the region are viticulture, fruit farming and vegetable growing. The viticulture is especially developed in Břeclav District, which has 46% of the total area of Czech vineyards.

Places of interest

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Population of territorial units of the Czech republic". Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  2. ↑ https://www.czso.cz/csu/xb/regionalni_hdp Language - Czech, Access date - 01/30/2021
  3. 1 2 "Brief characteristics of South Moravian Region". South Moravian Region. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
  4. ↑ Základní tendence demografického, sociálního a ekonomického vývoje Jihomoravského kraje v roce 2012
  5. ↑ "Population of municipalities of the Czech republic". Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
  6. ↑ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 21 December 2015.
  7. ↑ "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 27 March 2021.
  8. ↑ "Dobrovolníků je v pracovní den na jižní Moravě méně. Kraj odhaduje škody po tornádu a bouřích na 15 miliard". ČT24 (in Czech). Česká televize. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  9. ↑ Korosec, Marko (25 June 2021). "The most powerful tornado on record hit the Czech Republic, leaving several fatalities and 200+ injured across the Hodonin district". Severe Weather Europe. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  10. ↑ "Šestá oběť bouřek na jižní Moravě: v brněnské nemocnici zemřelo dítě". iDNES.cz (in Czech). 27 June 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  11. ↑ ""Hölle auf Erden": Tote und Hunderte Verletzte nach Tornado in Tschechien". Kurier.at (in German). 25 June 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  12. ↑ "Report published on the joint damage survey of the tornado in Southeast Czechia on 24 June 2021". Essl.org.
  13. ↑ "Violent tornado damage assessment" (PDF). Essl.org. 24 June 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  14. ↑ "2f15470b-e9cc-4779-bc7e-1518969a5455". Czso.cz.
  15. ↑ "Podíl nezaměstnaných v Jihomoravském kraji | ČSÚ v Brně". Czso.cz. Retrieved 29 June 2021.

49°10′N 16°35′E / 49.167°N 16.583°E / 49.167; 16.583

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