John Swett
4th California State Superintendent of Public Instruction
In office
January 2, 1863 – December 2, 1867
GovernorLeland Stanford
Frederick Low
Preceded byAndrew J. Moulder
Succeeded byOscar Penn Fitzgerald
Personal details
Born(1830-07-31)July 31, 1830
Pittsfield, New Hampshire
DiedAugust 22, 1913(1913-08-22) (aged 83)
Alhambra Valley, CA
Political partyNational Union Party(Republican)
SpouseMary Louise Tracy (b. Dec 8, 1839, Thompson Ct - ?)
ChildrenEmelie Tracy Y. Swett Parkhurst (Mar 9, 1863), William Russell Swett (Oct 1, 1868), Frank Tracy Swett (Nov 22, 1869), Walter Harper Swett (July 20, 1870), Helen Swett (Apr 7, 1875), and John French Swett (Aug 1, 1879)
Parent(s)Lucretia (née French) Swett, Eben Swett
ProfessionPolitician, Teacher, Principal

John Swett (July 31, 1830 – August 22, 1913) is considered to be the "Father of the California public school" system and the "Horace Mann of the Pacific".[1][2]

Biography

John Swett was an only child born July 31, 1830, in Pittsfield, New Hampshire, to Lucretia (born French) Swett and Ebenezer Swett, who were Congregationalists.[3] He died August 22, 1913, in Alhambra Valley, near Martinez, California. He married Mary Louise (Tracy) Swett on May 8, 1862, in Sonoma, and they had 6 children.[4] During his life he was a close friend of Sierra Club co-founder John Muir.[5] Swett arrived in California in 1853 to mine gold but quickly sought work as a teacher in San Francisco.[6] In 1862 he became a Freemason, joining San Francisco's Phoenix Lodge No. 144.[7][8][9]

In 1863 he was instrumental in founding the California Educational Society, which would become the California Teachers Association, the largest teachers' union in the state of California. Running in 1863, during the Civil War, as a National Union Party (Republican) candidate he was elected California State Superintendent of Public Instruction and served until 1867.[10][11] Other positions he held were Deputy Superintendent of the San Francisco Public Schools (1870–1873), Principal of the Denman School (1873–1876) and Girls High School (San Francisco) (1876–1889); the School Board there was dissatisfied with his administration because he had taken no steps toward its accreditation by the University of California and because no women had been sent to the university since 1884.[12][13]

In 1890 he was elected superintendent of the San Francisco Public Schools on the Republican and Reform Democratic tickets.[14][15]

In 1895 he retired to his estate, Hill Girt Ranch.[16]

California State Superintendent of Public Instruction (1863-1867)

His most important accomplishment was making the California school system free for all students. In his report for 1866–67, he stated: "The school year ending June 30, 1867, marks the transition period of California from rate-bill common schools to an American free school system. For the first time in the history of the State, every public school was made entirely free for every child to enter."[17]

Criticism

In his 1878 book The Poison Fountain Zachariah Montgomery criticized, among other things, Swett's autocratic style. He states the following on page 111:

It must be remembered that Superintendent Swett maintains the proposition that parents have no remedy against the teachers, and that:

"As a general thing the only persons who have a legal right to give orders to the teacher are his employers, namely, the committee in some States, and in others the directors or trustees. If his conduct is approved by his employers the parents have no remedy as against him or them." (See Swett's Biennial Report, 1864, page 166.)

And we must not forget that this same superintendent has said that: " The vulgar impression that parents have a legal right to dictate to teachers is entirely erroneous."[18]

In his 1876 book, History of the Public School Systems of California, Swett becomes one of the first Californian educators to specify that mature children actually belong to the state or society, writing:

"Children arrived at the age of maturity belong, not to the parents, but to the State, to society, to the country."[19]

Tributes

Books and other works

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Sierra Club, John Swett page". Archived from the original on February 27, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  2. ↑ JoinCalifornia, Election History of the State of California, John Swett page
  3. ↑ First Congregational Church of Pittsfield, HANNAH (LANE) FRENCH 1772-1854, Biographical research and written profiles by Larry Berkson, Historian, Pittsfield Historical Society Archived 2011-07-15 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ↑ RootsWeb John Swett individual page
  5. ↑ "Sierra Club, John Swett page". Archived from the original on February 27, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  6. ↑ Martinez Historical Society, John Swett Archived 2010-12-29 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ↑ Phoenix Lodge #144, Our History Archived 2011-07-27 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ↑ FAMOUS FREEMASONS By WILLIAM R. DENSLOW Volume IV Q – Z
  9. ↑ "The Quest for Masonic Light, HOW FREEMASONRY CAME TO CALIFORNIA AND HAWAII". Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
  10. ↑ California Dept. of Education, Historic Documents, History of Education, Part C - Historical Documents, THE “DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION” BEFORE 1921
  11. ↑ Public education in California: its origin and development by John Swett. My Final Biennial Report. pg 196
  12. ↑ JoinCalifornia, Election History of the State of California, John Swett page
  13. ↑ "Swett's Resignation," The Daily Examiner, San Francisco, July 16, 1889, page 4
  14. ↑ "John Swett: A Sketch of One of San Francisco's Earliest Teachers," The Morning Call, Sam Framncisco, October 24, 1890, page 7
  15. ↑ "Complete Official Count," The Examiner, San Francisco, November 30, 1890, page 5
  16. ↑ Martinez Historical Society, John Swett Archived 2010-12-29 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ↑ California Dept. of Education, Historic Documents, History of Education, Part C - Historical Documents, THE “DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION” BEFORE 1921
  18. ↑ Zachariah Montgomery (1878), The Poison Fountain: Or, Anti-parental Education. Essays and Discussions on the School Question .. (The Poison Fountain: Or, Anti-parental Education. Essays and Discussions on the School Question ... ed.), pub. by the author, OCLC 4429858, OL 23446889M
  19. ↑ John Swett, History of the Public School Systems of California, San Francisco: CA, Bancroft, 1876, p. 115
  20. ↑ "John Swett Award for Media Excellence, California Teachers Association". Archived from the original on March 18, 2011. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
  21. ↑ JoinCalifornia, Election History of the State of California, John Swett page
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