Portrait of Two Guns White Calf

John Two Guns White Calf (also known as John Two Guns and John Whitecalf Two Guns[1]) (1872–1934[2][3]) was a chief of the Piegan Blackfeet in Montana. He was born near Fort Benton, Montana, and was the adopted son of Chief White Calf.[1] After the elder White Calf died in 1903, while a guest of President T. Roosevelt in Washington, D.C., White Calf became the last chief of the Blackfoot Tribe.[2] He died at Blackfeet Indian hospital, of attack of flu according to the Choteau Acantha, however the Indian agency said pulmonary tuberculosis at the age of 63 and is buried in a Catholic cemetery in Browning, Montana.[2][1]

Promotional career

He became famous for his work promoting the Glacier National Park for the Great Northern Railway.[1][2][4]: 222  In 1912, he travelled with several other Blackfeet to the 1912 United States Land Show in Chicago to make what was possibly the first publicity trip for the tribe.[5] He also claimed to be the model for the profile on the Indian head nickel. The sculptor, James Earle Fraser, said that the image he used was a composite of several people.[1]: 141 [6]

Washington Redskins

In 1971, Walter Wetzel, a Blackfeet tribal council member, created the Washington Redskins logo.[7][8] He used Two Guns White Calf's image as the basis for the logo. Concerns caused the team to change the logo in 2020.[9][8] The team officially changed their name to The Washington Commanders in 2022.[10]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Bates, Erica Margaret (1999). The Encyclopedia of Native American Economic History. Greenwood Press. p. 141. ISBN 9780313306235.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Estes, Roberta (May 21, 2012). "John Two Guns White Calf". Native Heritage Project. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  3. ↑ "Battle for the Blackfeet". Flathead Beacon. October 23, 2013. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  4. ↑ Andrew R. Graybill (2013), The Red and the White: A Family Saga of the American West, W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 9780871404459
  5. ↑ Beck, David R. M.; LaPier, Rosalyn R. (May 2015). City Indian: Native American Activism in Chicago, 1893-1934. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 9780803278486.
  6. ↑ VanRyzin, Robert R. (October 2009). Fascinating Facts, Mysteries and Myths About U.S. Coins. F+W Media. ISBN 978-1440225376.
  7. ↑ Connell, Ryan. "The man behind the logo: The story of Walter "Blackie" Wetzel". ABC FOX Montana. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
  8. 1 2 BLASCO 406mtsports.com, JASON. "Washington Redskins logo has deep connection to Blackfeet reservation, Wetzel family". 406 MT SPORTS. Retrieved March 8, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  9. ↑ "Native American son of Redskins logo designer says it's not offensive, calls the change 'hard'". wusa9.com. July 13, 2020. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
  10. ↑ Bowman, Emma (February 6, 2022). "For many Native Americans, the Washington Commanders' new name offers some closure". NPR News.


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