John Williams Valley (born February 28, 1948 in Winchester, Massachusetts) is an American geochemist and petrologist. He is an expert on stable isotope geochemistry,[1] especially as applied to understanding the evolution of the Earth's crust.[2][3][4][5]

Biography

Valley started collecting rocks when he was four years old.[6] He grew up in Lexington, Massachusetts.[2] He studied geology at Dartmouth College with a bachelor's degree in 1970 and at the University of Michigan with a master's degree in 1977[7] and a doctorate in geology in 1980.[8] From 1980 to 1983 he was an assistant professor at Rice University. At the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Valley was an assistant professor from 1983 to 1985, an associate professor from 1985 to 1989, and a full professor from 1989[5] until his retirement in 2019 as professor emeritus.[6] In 2005 he was appointed Charles R. Van Hise Distinguished Professor and is now Charles R. Van Hise Professor, Emeritus. For the academic year 1989–1990, Valley was on sabbatical as a Fulbright Scholar at the University of Edinburgh. His doctoral students include Claudia Mora, Jean Morrison, and John Eiler.[5]

In 2005, Valley founded the Wisconsin Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (WiscSIMS Lab)[9] to develop new methods for measuring stable isotopes in the nano to micrometer range.[2] He served on several committees for mineralogy, geochemistry, and geology, including, in 2006–2007, the NRC Committee on the Scientific Context for the Exploration of the Moon.[5][10] In 2014 he joined the Gemological Institute of America's board of governors. He did considerable editorial work. He was from 1985 to 1991 an associate editor for the Geological Society of America Bulletin and in 1996 became an associate editor for the American Journal of Science. From 2011 to 2015 he was the principal editor for the journal Elements.[5]

Valley is an expert on stable isotope geochemistry applied to highly metamorphic Precambrian rocks, especially the North American shield. Much of his research involves New York State's Adirondack Mountains and Canada's Grenville Province.[1] He and his colleagues investigated Sierra Nevada batholith,[11][12] lavas from Pacific islands,[13][14][15] and rhyolites from the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field.[16]

The Apex Chert is a flint-like rock from Western Australia, which contains some of the oldest known fossils. The microscopic fossils are single-celled bacteria, 3,500 million years old, and contain no nucleus (prokaryotes). They are either spherical or in filament-like chains. Chert typically consists of the petrified remains of siliceous ooze.

Valley also contributed to research on fossil teeth,[17] analysis of the Martian meteorite ALH84001,[18] and material from the coma of the comet 81P/Wild.[19] In 2001, by studying zircons from the Narryer Gneiss Terrane in Western Australia, he, with 3 co-workers, found evidence of the existence of continental crust and oceans on Earth 4.4 billion years ago about 150 million years after the Earth's formation 4.55 billion years ago — this evidence indicated that the Earth cooled faster, by about 130 million years, than previous evidence indicated.[20] In another paper, Valley, with colleagues, showed by analysis of samples from Western Australia's Apex Chert deposit that microbes lived in complex communities 3.465 billion years ago — ruling out an abiotic hypothesis for the existence of some microfossils.[21][22]

Valley was elected in 1992 a Fellow of the Geological Society of America and in 1993 a Fellow of the Mineralogical Society of America.[5] The American Geophysical Union gave him the Norman L. Bowen Award in 2003[23] and elected him a Fellow in 2006. He was the president of the Mineralogical Society for the academic year 2005–2006. In 2011 he was elected a Fellow of the European Association of Geochemistry and a Fellow of the Geochemical Society. In 2019 he was awarded the Arthur L. Day Medal and was also elected a Member of the National Academy of Sciences.[5] In 2022 he received the Roebling Medal.[24]

In 2017, the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) approved the name "valleyite" for the mineral Ca4Fe6O13, discovered by Huifang Xu and named in honor of John W. Valley.[5][25][26]

In 1972 he married Andrée Simone Taylor. They became the parents of two children, Matthew and David.[1] John W. Valley is a skilled woodworker. Before becoming a graduate student, he made furniture in Helena, Montana while there with his wife Andrée, who was Resident Artist at the Archie Bray Foundation for the Ceramic Arts.[24]

Selected publications

  • Valley, J. W.; McLelland, James; Essene, E. J.; Lamb, William (1983). "Metamorphic fluids in the deep crust: Evidence from the Adirondacks". Nature. 301 (5897): 226–228. Bibcode:1983Natur.301..226V. doi:10.1038/301226a0. hdl:2027.42/62547. S2CID 4361510.
  • Valley, John W. (1986). "Stable isotope geochemistry of metamorphic rocks". Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry. 16 (1): 445–489.
  • Valley, John W.; Chiarenzelli, Jeffrey R.; McLelland, James M. (1994). "Oxygen isotope geochemistry of zircon". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 126 (4): 187–206. Bibcode:1994E&PSL.126..187V. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(94)90106-6.
  • Valley, John W.; Peck, William H.; King, Elizabeth M.; Wilde, Simon A. (2002). "A cool early Earth". Geology. 30 (4): 351. Bibcode:2002Geo....30..351V. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0351:ACEE>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0091-7613.
  • Valley, J. W.; Lackey, J. S.; Cavosie, A. J.; Clechenko, C. C.; Spicuzza, M. J.; Basei, M. A. S.; Bindeman, I. N.; Ferreira, V. P.; Sial, A. N.; King, E. M.; Peck, W. H.; Sinha, A. K.; Wei, C. S. (2005). "4.4 billion years of crustal maturation: Oxygen isotope ratios of magmatic zircon". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 150 (6): 561–580. Bibcode:2005CoMP..150..561V. doi:10.1007/s00410-005-0025-8. S2CID 53118854.
  • Valley, John W.; Cavosie, Aaron J.; Ushikubo, Takayuki; Reinhard, David A.; Lawrence, Daniel F.; Larson, David J.; Clifton, Peter H.; Kelly, Thomas F.; Wilde, Simon A.; Moser, Desmond E.; Spicuzza, Michael J. (2014). "Hadean age for a post-magma-ocean zircon confirmed by atom-probe tomography". Nature Geoscience. 7 (3): 219–223. Bibcode:2014NatGe...7..219V. doi:10.1038/ngeo2075.
  • Valley JW, Reinhard DA, Cavosie AJ, Ushikubo T, Lawrence DF, Larson DJ, Kelly TF, Snoeyenbos D, Strickland A (2015) Nano- and Micro-geochronology in Hadean and Archean Zircons by Atom-Probe Tomography and SIMS: New Tools for Old Minerals. Am. Mineral, 100: 1355-1377. doi.org/10.2138/am-2014-5134.

as editor

References

  1. 1 2 3 Gates, Alexander E. (2009). "Valley, John W.". A to Z of Earth Scientists. Infobase. pp. 272–274. ISBN 9781438109190.
  2. 1 2 3 "John W. Valley". Member Directory, National Academy of Sciences.
  3. ↑ Wilde, Simon A.; Valley, John W.; Peck, William H.; Graham, Colin M. (2001). "Evidence from detrital zircons for the existence of continental crust and oceans on the Earth 4.4 Gyr ago". Nature. 409 (6817): 175–178. doi:10.1038/35051550. PMID 11196637. S2CID 4319774.
  4. ↑ "John W. Valley, Charles R. Van Hise Professor, Emeritus". Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison. 19 January 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "John W. Valley, Curriculum Vitae" (PDF). University of Wisconsin-Madison.
  6. 1 2 Conklin, Aaron R. (October 24, 2019). "Geoscience's John Valley honored for distinction in the field". University of Wisconsin-Madison.
  7. ↑ Valley, John W. (1977). Calc-silicate reactions in Grenville marble, Adirondack MTS., New York / (M.S. Thesis). hdl:2027.42/115588.
  8. ↑ Valley, John Williams (1980). The Role of Fluids During Metamorphism of Marbles and Associated Rocks in the Adirondack Mountains, New York (Ph.D. Thesis). hdl:2027.42/158015.
  9. ↑ "Wisconsin Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Laboratory". University of Wisconsin-Madison.
  10. ↑ "The Scientific Context for the Exploration of the Moon". National Academies Press. 2007.
  11. ↑ Lackey, J.; Valley, J.; Saleeby, J. (2005). "Supracrustal input to magmas in the deep crust of Sierra Nevada batholith: Evidence from high-O zircon". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 235 (1–2): 315–330. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.04.003.
  12. ↑ Lackey, Jade Star; Valley, John W.; Chen, James H.; Stockli, Daniel F. (2008). "Dynamic Magma Systems, Crustal Recycling, and Alteration in the Central Sierra Nevada Batholith: The Oxygen Isotope Record". Journal of Petrology. 49 (7): 1397–1426. doi:10.1093/petrology/egn030.
  13. ↑ Eiler, John M.; Valley, John W.; Stolper, Edward M. (1996). "Oxygen isotope ratios in olivine from the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 101 (B5): 11807–11813. Bibcode:1996JGR...10111807E. doi:10.1029/95JB03194. S2CID 46215107.
  14. ↑ Eiler, John M.; Farley, Kenneth A.; Valley, John W.; Stolper, Edward M.; Hauri, Eric H.; Craig, Harmon (1995). "Oxygen isotope evidence against bulk recycled sediment in the mantle sources of Pitcairn Island lavas". Nature. 377 (6545): 138–141. Bibcode:1995Natur.377..138E. doi:10.1038/377138a0. S2CID 4360176.
  15. ↑ Eiler, J. M. (2000). "Oxygen Isotope Geochemistry of Oceanic-Arc Lavas". Journal of Petrology. 41 (2): 229–256. doi:10.1093/petrology/41.2.229.
  16. ↑ Bindeman, Ilya N.; Valley, John W. (2001). "Low-δ18O Rhyolites from Yellowstone: Magmatic Evolution Based on Analyses of Zircons and Individual Phenocrysts". Journal of Petrology. 42 (8): 1491–1517. doi:10.1093/petrology/42.8.1491.
  17. ↑ Kohn, Matthew J.; Schoeninger, Margaret J.; Valley, John W. (1996). "Herbivore tooth oxygen isotope compositions: Effects of diet and physiology". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 60 (20): 3889–3896. Bibcode:1996GeCoA..60.3889K. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(96)00248-7.
  18. ↑ Valley, John W.; Eiler, John M.; Graham, Colin M.; Gibson, Everett K.; Romanek, Christopher S.; Stolper, Edward M. (1997). "Low-Temperature Carbonate Concretions in the Martian Meteorite ALH84001: Evidence from Stable Isotopes and Mineralogy". Science. 275 (5306): 1633–1638. Bibcode:1997Sci...275.1633V. doi:10.1126/science.275.5306.1633. PMID 9054355. S2CID 29483663.
  19. ↑ Nakamura, Tomoki; Noguchi, Takaaki; Tsuchiyama, Akira; Ushikubo, Takayuki; Kita, Noriko T.; Valley, John W.; Zolensky, Michael E.; Kakazu, Yuki; Sakamoto, Kanako; Mashio, Etsuko; Uesugi, Kentaro; Nakano, Tsukasa (2008). "Chondrulelike Objects in Short-Period Comet 81P/Wild 2". Science. 321 (5896): 1664–1667. Bibcode:2008Sci...321.1664N. doi:10.1126/science.1160995. PMID 18801994. S2CID 206514269.
  20. ↑ Wilde, Simon A.; Valley, John W.; Peck, William H.; Graham, Colin M. (2001). "Evidence from detrital zircons for the existence of continental crust and oceans on the Earth 4.4 Gyr ago". Nature. 409 (6817): 175–178. doi:10.1038/35051550. PMID 11196637. S2CID 4319774.
  21. ↑ Project 3D: SIMS Analyses of Filamentous Fossil Microbes From the ~3,465 Ma-Old Apex Chert May Reveal Their Physiology , 2015 Annual Science Report, University of Wisconsin
  22. ↑ Morag, Navot; Williford, Kenneth H.; Kitajima, Kouki; Philippot, Pascal; Van Kranendonk, Martin J.; Lepot, Kevin; Thomazo, Christophe; Valley, John W. (2016). "Microstructure-specific carbon isotopic signatures of organic matter from ∼3.5 Ga cherts of the Pilbara Craton support a biologic origin". Precambrian Research. 275: 429–449. Bibcode:2016PreR..275..429M. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2016.01.014.
  23. ↑ "Norman L. Bowen Award". American Geophysical Union (AGU).
  24. 1 2 Star Lackey, Jade; Peck, William H. (2023). "Presentation of the 2022 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America to John W. Valley". American Mineralogist. p. 781.
  25. ↑ "Valleyite". mindat.org.
  26. ↑ "Huifang Xu". University of Wisconsin-Madison.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.