Jongmyo
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese宗廟
Simplified Chinese宗庙
Vietnamese name
Vietnamese alphabetTông miếu
Chữ Hán宗廟
Korean name
Hanja종묘
Japanese name
Hiraganaそうびょう
Kyūjitai宗廟

A Zongmiao (宗廟) or Taimiao (太廟) is an ancient Chinese ancestral temple dedicated to the ancestors of nobles and monarchs and their spirit tablets. Zong (宗) means ancestral and Miao (廟) means temple. The earliest known Zongmiao was discovered at Yinxu Palace and Temple Site in Anyang, Henan Province, China, and is yet to be excavated. At that time, commoners did not have the right to set up ancestral shrines, "The Xunzi-Liturgy" reads: "Therefore, those who have the world serve seven generations, those who have a country serve five generations, those who have five times the land serve three generations, those who have three times the land serve two generations, those who hold their hands and eat are not allowed to set up a temple, so the thick accumulation of the flow of water is wide, and the thin accumulation of water is narrow. "[1]

In ancient China, the temple was regarded as a symbol of the country and was often referred to together with "Soil and grain," and destruction of the temple was often heavily punished. For example, the Tang Code treats the destruction of a temple as a crime of "treason".

Etymology

The Korean word Jongmyo or Chinese Zongmiao is derived from two characters 宗 Zong meaning ancestors and 廟 Miao meaning temple.

Taimiao is a related term with 太 Tai replacing 宗 Zong. Tai means highest.

China

Yinxu Palace and Temple Site

The Yinxu Palace and Temple Site is an imperial temple of the Yin Shang emperor near Anyang in China, Shang dynasty, about 3,300 years ago, excavated in Henan Province in Anyang City, today. Xijiao Township in the northwestern suburbs, near the capital of the Shang dynasty in China after Pan Geng moved the capital. A large number of documents and implements from the same period of the Shang dynasty have been found at this temple site, such as the Simu Xin Ding. The Yinxu Market was selected as a World Heritage Site in 2006.[2]

Taimiao, Beijing

The Imperial Ancestral Temple is located on the east side of Beijing's Tiananmen, and was the patriarchal temple of the Chinese emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties.[3] it was established as a peace park in 1924 and renamed on May 1, 1950, as Beijing Working People's Cultural Palace. The Beijing Imperial Temple has been listed as a People's Republic of China National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit.

Temple of the Emperors

The Temple of the Emperors and Emperors is a place of worship for the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors and the emperors of China during the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty, originally established in Yingtian Prefecture (now Nanjing), and moved to Shuntian Prefecture during the Jiajing period. Shuntian Prefecture (now Beijing), and is now located in Fuchengmennei Street, Xicheng District, Beijing.

Korea

The Jongmyo system was first introduced from China in the Korean Peninsula by Silla. The Jongmyo in Korea was built in 1394 by the order of Taejo of Joseon and is the oldest royal Confucian temple in the world. Jongmyo was added to the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1995. The Jongmyo ritual, a Confucian ritual dedicated to the Joseon Dynasty monarch and princess, is held every year on the first Sunday in May at Jongmyo in Seoul, Korea. The music of Jongmyo jerye is a kind of Korean court music and is called Jongmyo ritual music. Jongmyo jerye and Jongmyo jerye music were inscribed on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists in 2001.[4]

Japan

The Ise Grand Shrine and Iwashimizu Hachimangū are collectively known as the "Nisho (no) Sōbyō". The imperial shrine in the Three Palace Sanctuaries of the Tokyo Imperial Palace houses the tablets of the Ten Emperors, and is the current place of worship for the Japanese imperial family.[5]

In the Edo period, Nikkō Tōshō-gū and other Tokugawa family mausoleums are the temples of the Tokugawa Shogunate, and the Shogunate shoguns regularly visited them for worship. There is also a place for the Shogun's family to pay homage to their ancestors in the Gobudo-no-mikoto in Edo Castle, Ōkoku.

Ryukyu

During the Ryukyu Second Shō dynasty, the Enkaku-ji Temple was the temple dedicated to the previous king. Tenno-ji Temple and Tenkai-ji Temple are dedicated to the posthumous monarchs, and Ryufu-ji Temple is dedicated to the tablets of the kings of the First Shō dynasty.[6]

Vietnam

Thế Miếu (Chữ Hán: 世廟), also called Thế Tổ Miếu (Chữ Hán: 世祖廟), is an ancestral temple to Vietnam's emperors in the Imperial City, Huế.[7]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "基隆市武崙國小成語詞典 | 積厚流光". 2022-07-08. Archived from the original on 2022-07-08. Retrieved 2022-07-08.
  2. ↑ "殷墟宫殿宗庙遗址导游词". 2008-11-18. Archived from the original on 2008-11-18. Retrieved 2022-07-08.
  3. ↑ The Imperial Ancestral Temple
  4. ↑ "Introduction of Jongmyo". Archived from the original on 2007-10-23. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
  5. ↑ 日本国語大辞典, デジタル大辞泉,精選版. "二所宗廟とは". コトバンク (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-07-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ↑ "Researchmap" 琉球史書における王統の記録と記憶. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2013-02-16.
  7. ↑ Frommer's Vietnam: with Angkor Wat Ron Emmons - 2012 "Visit the Hue Citadel, taking in some of its renovated buildings such as the Thai Hoa Palace and the Mieu Temple; this will probably occupy you for most of the day,"
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