José Ruben
Image of José Ruben from 1916
José Ruben 1916
Born(1884-12-08)December 8, 1884
Paris, France
DiedApril 28, 1969(1969-04-28) (aged 84)
New York City, New York
NationalityFrench (1884)
American (1918)
EducationConservatoire de Paris
Alma materLa Sorbonne (attended)
Occupation(s)Actor, Director
Years active1904-1956
Spouses
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 1918; div. 1927)​
  • Victoria Wehrum
    ​
    (m. 1949)​

José Ruben (December 8, 1884 – April 28, 1969)[1][2] was a French-born actor whose career from 1910 on was in the United States. He first rose to prominence in 1916-1917 with the Washington Square Players, and for the next ten years was a highly regarded lead player. He acted in over twenty silent films and was a fixture on Broadway stages, as both performer and director, for over forty years. He also taught drama at Barnard College and was a stage director for the New York City Opera.

Early life

Ruben was born in Paris, France,[1] to a family wealthy enough to fund his education and travel. He had at least two younger sisters.[2] According to an early profile, he could outargue anyone in the family, so it was decided he should study law.[3] He had studied English in secondary school, but found it difficult to understand native speakers, so he spent six months living in London in order to develop an ear for the language.[3]

After two years at the Sorbonne,[2] he abandoned law to enter the Conservatoire de Paris as a dramatics student.[3] He completed the two-year course in 1904 and became an apprentice at the Théâtre l'Louvre.[3] The following year Ruben joined the Théâtre de l'Odéon, from which he entered Sarah Bernhardt's troupe in 1906.[3] Ruben stayed with Bernhardt for the next four years, playing in a large repertoire of French-language productions throughout France, England, and other parts of Europe.

Arrival in America

Ruben was still a member of Bernhardt's troupe when it arrived in America for a tour in 1910.[3] Beginning with L'Aiglon by Edmond Rostand in Chicago on October 31, 1910,[4] the tour performed a different production from its repertoire of twenty plays each night. Lost among a troupe of forty-six, with the critics attention focused almost exclusively on Bernhardt, it is not possible to detail Ruben's contribution to the tour, which finished up with Camille in New York City on June 21, 1911.[5] While Bernhardt and her troupe sailed for France the following day, Ruben stayed behind in America.[6] When teaching at Barnard College in 1944, a school reporter asked him about Sarah Bernhardt, to which he "reluctantly" replied: "She was a great actress in that time, but I dread to think of how audiences would react to her today".[7]

The Garden of Allah

Through Bernhardt's American business manager Ruben met producer George C. Tyler,[fn 1] who in turn introduced him to Robert Hichens and Mary Anderson.[3] Hichens and Anderson decided Ruben would be perfect in the role of Batouch for their stage version of Hichen's The Garden of Allah, which Tyler was producing for Liebler & Company.[3] The play opened October 21, 1911, at the Century Theatre, marking Ruben's first verifiable Broadway credit and his first English-language role.[8] Ruben was one of only two supporting actors singled out for praise by the Brooklyn Daily Eagle reviewer, and also earned commendation from the New York World critic.[8][9] Described as a spectacle with a story, the production was the largest ever mounted on an American stage to that point. The cast included numerous authentic inhabitants of Tunisia and Algeria, as well as livestock. When the play closed on May 18, 1912, it had been viewed by 375,000 people,[10] and established Ruben as able to handle English-language roles.

The Liebler Company cast Ruben for its national tour of The Garden of Allah starting in Chicago at the Auditorium on August 31, 1912.[11][12] The tour encompassed actors, props, sets, and livestock (camels, goats, horses, and mules) used in the production. While the animals were housed in a nearby stable, those cast members actually from North Africa were accommodated in a warehouse, since no Chicago hotel would accept them as guests.[12] The tour visited Cincinnati, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, and Philadelphia throughout the Fall of 1912, playing Boston from January thru March 1913.[13] While in Boston, Ruben filed a Petition for Naturalization, with the help of the tour's manager and two journalists as witnesses.[14][1] Ruben continued with the tour until it finished in May 1913.[15]

Ruben and Madame Yorska

Ruben joined the company of the French Drama Society in Manhattan in December 1913.[16] This was headed by Madame Yorska, like Ruben a former pupil of Bernhardt.[17] A colossal poseur, her real name was Elsie Stern; she was from New Orleans, Louisiana,[17] but was perfectly willing to let journalists and audiences think she was French. The troupe performed matinee programs at the Harris Theatre,[16] before going on tour. Ruben played all the leading male roles opposite Madame Yorska.[18] The tour finished up the season in Ottawa, Canada, during May 1914.

During the early fall of 1914, Madame Yorska's troupe toured on a vaudeville circuit in a one-act play called Days of War, with Ruben as the male lead.[3] Ironically, one reviewer praised Ruben's performance while mentioning difficulty understanding Yorska's strongly accented English.[19] Ruben returned with the troupe to New York City and for the winter of 1914-1915 played French-language works in Manhattan and a few nearby cities.[20] During the first half of 1915 Ruben continued with Madame Yorska's troupe, again playing Days of War in vaudeville theatres,[21] and performing benefits for French war relief.[22]

Biograph film work

Ruben appears to have detached himself from Madame Yorska's troupe in the summer of 1915. He returned to New York where he made a short film, A Daughter of Earth.[23] This was the first of many pictures he would make at the Biograph Company during 1915-1916, but not his first film. He had done an independently produced short called Lord Chumley in 1913-1914, for which his role is unknown and verification is lacking.

With his fourth Biograph short, Ashes of Inspiration, Ruben became the central figure in the storyline, an artist torn between his wife and his muse.[24] He is again the central figure in his fifth short for Biograph, The Rehearsal, this time as a playwright with a treacherous fiancé and a new helpmate.[25] His first longer work was a Biograph special three-reeler, produced in association with Klaw and Erlanger, titled His Hand and Seal,[26] from a story by Carolyn Wells.[27] By the time Biograph stopped making movies in late spring 1916, Ruben had appeared as a lead in twenty-three films.

Washington Square Players

Ruben had returned to the stage briefly in May 1916,[28] but otherwise had no known performing work for several months after the steady job with Biograph ended. It was perhaps a measure of desperation that saw him join the Washington Square Players (WSP), a semi-amateur troupe that drew lots of critical attention but which couldn't afford to match professional Broadway salaries.[fn 2] Ruben appeared with the WSP on the first bill of their third season.[29] The WSP specialized in one-act plays, usually presenting four on each bill. Ruben debuted in Lover's Luck, immediately drawing praise from the critics.[29][30] His professional training and experience stood out among the largely untrained players, most of whom had careers other than the stage. Alexander Woollcott went so far as to say that Ruben "is by far the best actor the group has known".[31]

November 1916

The WSP responded to the favorable notices by casting Ruben in three playlets for its second bill starting November 13, 1916.[32] He played an unwed husband in Another Way Out, an original satire of Greenwich Village social mores by Lawrence Langner; the tragic lead in Bushido, a translated excerpt from an 18th Century Japanese play by Takeda Izumo; and a self-absorbed character in Altruism, a satirical farce by Karl Ettlinger.[33] Of Ruben in Bushido, Heywood Broun wrote "José Ruben gives an extraordinarily impressive performance as the father who sacrifices his son. It is the best bit of acting in the evening...".[33] The critic for The New York Times agreed, while also praising Ruben for the other two plays in which he performed.[34] This program of plays, strongly supported by Ruben's acting, would become the most successful of all WSP bills, playing over 100 performances thru February 1917.[35]

Midway thru this four-month run Ruben played the lead in a special matinee for WSP subscribers only,[36] and was also the subject of a profile in The New York Times.[3] For the season's third bill he performed in just one play, A Private Account, for which the New York Herald said Ruben was "the greatest find the Washington Square Players have made this season".[fn 3][37] Illness limited Ruben's participation in the WSP's fourth bill of the season,[38] but he recovered in time to star with Mary Shaw in Ghosts, which ended the season. Meant for a one week engagement, it was held over for three weeks due to popular demand.[39] Alexander Woollcott and Heywood Broun again wrote highly of Ruben's acting as Oswald Alving.[40][41]

Madame Sand

Ruben left the WSP after a single season. He signed with director Arthur Hopkins in June 1917 for a production to be mounted that fall.[42] This was Madame Sand, a comedy about George Sand and her lovers by Philip Moeller starring Mrs. Fiske. The production previewed in Baltimore during late October,[43] and premiered at Broadway's Criterion Theatre on November 19, 1917.[44] Aside from Mrs. Fiske, who wore pants and smoked cigars while in character, Ruben was the only actor singled out for praise by critics.[45][46] The reviewer for Brooklyn Life said Ruben's acting "is not eclipsed even by that of so great an actress as Mrs. Fiske, and he far surpasses any member of her supporting company".[47] Burns Mantle recognized that the play itself would appeal only to "a limited and intellectual public";[48] it closed at the Knickerbocker Theatre on January 12, 1918.[49] Madame Sand then went on tour for two months, with Ruben continuing in his role.[50][51]

Broadway stage: 1918-1920

Laurette Taylor chose Ruben for a program of excerpts from three Shakespeare plays, in which he played Romeo to her Juliet in the balcony scene.[52] It played for a single matinee at the Criterion Theatre on April 5, 1918, to a small audience of fellow actors.[53] Her performance was panned by reviewers,[53][54][55] and even Ruben drew a very rare poor review,[54] with only Heywood Broun commending him.[55]

Ruben had more success partnering with Olive Wyndham in an English translation of Georges Courteline's The Fine System, which played on the B. F. Keith vaudeville circuit during May and June 1918.[56][57] He was then cast in I.O.U., which co-starred Mary Nash; it opened at the Savoy Theatre in Asbury Park, New Jersey on August 5, 1918.[58] Ruben's character changed from the Japanese "Baron Tori" in the tryouts[58] to the East Indian "Ramdah Sima" by the time the play reached Broadway on October 5, 1918,[59] but no rewriting could save this play. It closed after a brief run, upon which Ruben married his co-star.[60] Newspapers made much of their romance, with a full-page story and photos, even suggesting the play folded early because they couldn't convincingly play antagonists.[61]

Almost immediately the couple's work pulled them apart; Nash went into another New York play while Ruben joined the touring company of A Marriage of Convenience.[62] The tour finished up in January 1919; there is a seven-month gap before Ruben's next known performing work. During the latter part of this time Actors' Equity Association (AEA) launched an actor's strike. Ruben was elected to the board of the Actors' Fidelity League,[63] a new organization of actors opposed to the strike tactics of AEA.[64] However, with the backing of Samuel Gompers and the American Federation of Labor, the AEA won out.[65]

The Dancer by Edward Locke opened October 1, 1919, at the Harris Theatre.[66] A story about a Russian ballerina, it had a lead actress who could neither dance nor speak with a convincing accent.[66] Heywood Broun and Alexander Woollcott blasted the acting, with the exception of Ruben.[67] Ruben next appeared as a morphine-addicted pianist in Sacred and Profane Love by Arnold Bennett, which opened in February 1920.[68] This production had a good run, and towards the end of it Ruben gave a long interview to the New York Tribune in which he discussed acting.[69]

Mary Nash was then appearing on the English stage in The Man Who Came Back.[69] Ruben applied for his first passport as a US Citizen on May 1, 1920,[70] giving his destination as England and his reason for travelling as "To visit my wife Mary Nash now playing in London".[70] The application also revealed he was residing at the Algonquin Hotel in New York. Ruben sailed on May 15, intending to return in time to start rehearsal on his next play, The Checkerboard.[71] After a few weeks of tryouts, this comedy opened on Broadway in mid-August,[fn 4] with Ruben as the star.[72] Critics were not impressed, one opining that Ruben "did well but in an unenthusiastic way".[73] Alexander Woollcott blamed the writing, saying the play was amusing but not believable.[74] It closed on September 4, 1920,[75] but Ruben was soon at work staging Thy Name Is Woman, in which both he and Mary Nash would star.[76] Ruben played a deformed, malignant smuggler in the Spanish Pyrenees, who stabs his wife Guerita (Mary Nash) when she betrays him with a young soldier (Curtis Cooksey).[77] The play was successful, running for over fifteen weeks at the Playhouse Theatre then moving to other theatres for another three weeks[78][79] before going on tour thru May 1921. It later was adapted for a 1924 silent film, Thy Name Is Woman.

Stage and screen: 1921-1924

Ruben next starred with Clare Eames in Swords, a costume drama by Sidney Howard, which opened on Broadway on September 1, 1921.[80] It closed on October 1,[81] done in by warm weather according to one reviewer.[82]

Ruben in "The Man from Home" (1922)

During late 1921 Ruben travelled to Italy to shoot a film called The Man from Home,[83] which was released by April 1922.[84] He had begun another film, When Knighthood Was in Flower, earlier in the year but suffered a serious eye injury on the set that forced him to stop all performing work.[85] By October 1922 he had recovered well enough to make another film titled Black Fury,[86] which was released as Dark Secrets in January 1923. Reviewer Paul Gallico called it "trashy" and said Ruben was "the only one in the picture worth watching".[87]

Ruben resumed stage acting with Gringo, an unusual first play by Sophie Treadwell.[88] Alexander Woollcott said Ruben was "expert and vivid and engaging",[88] but other critics felt the play's faults outweighed the acting.[89][90] The playwright herself wrote an article praising Ruben's performance,[91] but the production closed January 13, 1923.[92]

The Exile was a romantic comedy written by Sidney Toler, for which Ruben both directed and starred. It opened for a week-long preview on March 5, 1923, at the Montauk Theatre in Brooklyn, with opera singer Eleanor Painter as co-star. Critic Arthur Pollock thought Toler's writing too long on exposition and short of dramatic action.[93] It moved over to Broadway on April 9, 1923, where the reviewer Burns Mantle considered it to have only one exciting scene;[94] audiences agreed and it closed on May 5, 1923.[95]

There followed a six-month hiatus in Ruben's performing career, broken in late 1923 by a one-act drama on the B. F. Keith vaudeville circuit.[96][97] During February 1924, he produced and staged The Woman Hunter for regional theater, but did not appear in it.[98] He did appear in a series of French-language matinees given at the Gaiety Theatre by Mme. Simone's company during March 1924.[99]

His next performance was on Broadway for a revival of the 1904 melodrama, Leah Kleschna. Upon opening April 21, 1924, the Brooklyn Daily Eagle said "Not all the stars in this resuscitation of Leah Kleschna are entirely familiar with their lines".[100] Despite an all-star cast, it closed May 17, 1924,[101] then went on tour to Boston and Chicago thru June. October 1, 1924, saw Ruben once more on Broadway, in a dramatic fantasy called Bewitched.[102] After just two weeks it switched theaters,[103] but closed for good on October 25 when its producer ran out of money.[104] Ruben's last performing job for the year was also his final motion picture, Salome of the Tenements, for which he had a leading part.[105]

Stage performances: 1925-1928

Ruben went through a ten-month hiatus of performing from December 1924 thru September 1925.[fn 5] He broke the dry spell in late September 1925, taking over the lead in the touring company for The Firebrand[106] when Joseph Schildkraut fell ill.[107] Ruben finished up the tour by November when he started rehearsals for the Theatre Guild production of Merchants of Glory.[108] This opened at the Guild Theatre on December 14, 1925.[109] A cynical satire on war profiteers and sham patriots by Marcel Pagnol and Paul Nivoix, its humor didn't translate well from the original French.[109]

His first radio appearance, a ten-minute interview, occurred on January 4, 1926, over WGBS in New York City.[110] That spring Ruben reprised his portrayal of Oswald Alving in Ghosts, a production of the Actors' Theatre that co-starred Lucile Watson.[111] No sooner had its run finished then he appeared with his wife and sister-in-law in The Two Orphans, a revival of an old melodrama.[112]

In March 1927 Ruben played the lead in Closed Doors, a drama by Mercedes de Acosta.[113] Meant to be a tryout for Broadway, it was shut down by the producer after just a few performances and deferred to later in the season.[114] Suddenly unemployed, the two stars Ruben and Florence Eldridge took to vaudeville with a one-act playlet by Ruben called The Crest of the Wave.[115]

Ruben appeared briefly in a successful gangster melodrama called Speakeasy in late summer 1927,[116] but then had to return to Closed Doors, now renamed Jacob Slovak, when it resumed production in October 1927.[117] Ruben's last major performance as a lead actor was for The Red Robe, a musical version of Under the Red Robe by Stanley J. Weyman, which opened on Broadway during late December 1928.[118]

Directing: 1929-1943

This period of Ruben's career marked the transition away from acting to directing. From 1929 on his principal occupation would be stage directing, though he did still take on occasional supporting roles. He directed Robert Wilder's Sweet Chariot in 1930.[119]

This period also saw the production of Alice Takat, adapted by Ruben from a Hungarian story by Dezső Szomory, which opened on Broadway on February 10, 1936.[120] Though Ruben had written one-act playlets for vaudeville before, this was his only attempt to handle a larger work. Produced by Ed Wynn, it starred Mady Christians and Russell Hardie.[120] It was a flop, withdrawn after only eight performances,[121] and Ruben settled back to directing.

Later activities

Barnard College

During the fall of 1943 the "Wigs and Cues" student drama club at Barnard College mounted a production of Christopher Marlowe's Edward II.[122] Ruben was asked by English department head Dr. Minor Latham to direct the student-chosen production,[7] which was performed on December 16–17, 1943 at the college's Brinckerhoff Theatre.[122] The two student leads were Leora Dana as Edward II and Jennifer Howard as Mortimer.[122]

This led to Ruben becoming a part-time lecturer in the English department during the Fall term of 1944,[123] conducting a course called "Dramatic Workshop".[124] He was paired with instructor Marcia Freeman,[124] who handled the course administrative duties.[125] Ruben and Freeman, along with Dr. Latham, auditioned students[125] for that terms dramatic production of Julius Caesar, directed by Ruben and given in December 1944.[126] Ruben left the position in February 1945,[127] to begin preparations for staging productions for the New York City Center Opera.[128]

Ruben returned to lecturing at Barnard for the winter session of 1945-46.[129] He also cast and directed the drama club's production of The Duchess of Malfi in December 1945.[130]

Opera staging

During 1944, Ruben branched out to staging operas and related musical performances, starting with the Belmont Operetta Company at New York City Center. He did the stage direction for The New Moon,[131] then staged La bohème, La traviata, and Manon Lescaut for the New York City Center Opera's fall season,[132] and Der fliegende Holländer and Faust for its 1945 spring season.[133] Ruben went to the West Coast in spring 1946 to stage The Vagabond King for the Los Angeles Civic Light Opera,[134] and the San Francisco Light Opera Association.[135]

Ruben shared stage direction duties for the Chicago Opera's fall 1946 season.[136] He handled the stage direction for a Broadway musical, Toplitzky of Notre Dame during the late fall of 1946.[137] With spring 1947, Ruben returned to the West Coast to stage The Three Musketeers for both the Los Angeles Civic Light Opera,[138] and the San Francisco Light Opera Association.[139] Ruben returned to San Francisco in 1950 to stage Rose-Marie.[140]

For the New York City Center Opera's 1951 spring season Ruben devised staging for a new work in its repertoire, Manon.[141] For the fall season he created staging for Rigoletto.[142]

Last performance

Ruben's last performance came in 1956 with the broad comedy The Great Sebastians, which starred Lynn Fontanne and Alfred Lunt.[143] The play opened on January 4, 1956, at the ANTA Theatre,[143] when Ruben was already 71. A Cold War stage version of To Be or Not to Be, it was an audience pleaser. After a month, it moved to the Coronet Theatre where it played through to June 1956.

Death and remembrance

After thirteen years of retirement, Ruben died in University Hospital on April 28, 1969, at the age of 84, though newspapers reported it as 80.[2] The New York Daily News ran a 16-line obituary that concluded with this career highlight: "In 1916, he played in a performance which marked the stage debut of Katherine [sic] Cornell".[144] The New York Times, whose editors had better memories, gave him a two-column article covering his life and career.[2]

Personal life

According to both his Petition for Naturalization (1913) and his Passport Application (1920), Ruben stood 5'7" (170.2 cm) and weighed 150 pounds (68 kg), with dark hair and blue eyes.[1][70] Both documents also give his birth year as 1884, unlike his much later social security file which had 1888.[145]

Ruben married actress Mary Nash on October 19, 1918, at the Church of the Blessed Sacrament.[60] They had met while rehearsing in I.O.U..[146] Ruben directed and performed with Nash in Thy Name Is Woman during 1920-21. The play was set in Spain; Nash told an interviewer that her husband had travelled in Spain and Italy and knew both languages.[147] A brief article from March 1923 mentioned that the couple lived together with Nash's sister Florence Nash, and that all three supported each others' acting careers.[148] The couple performed together in a 1926 stage play,[112] but this appears to be the last reference to Nash and Ruben associating. The couple eventually divorced.[2]

While teaching at Barnard College in 1944, Ruben was interviewed by a reporter for the school paper, who said he "spoke British",[7] presumably meaning his English followed Received Pronunciation. She also described him at age 60: "...smokes with an amber cigarette holder: wears neat, gentle clothes, horn-rimmed glasses, and uses the bilinguist's rather vivid vocabulary".[7] He told her that he had no hobbies other than work.[7]

Victoria "Torrie" Wehrum (1909-1990),[149] head of the Book Department of Bloomingdale's,[150] and Ruben were married on September 29, 1949, in Manhattan,[151] and remained so at his death in 1969.[2]

Stage performances

Listed by year of first performance, excluding works which he directed only (French-language roles before 1911, and many from 1913–1915, cannot be documented)
Year Play Role Venue Notes
1911 The Garden of Allah Batouch Century Theatre Ruben's earliest credited performance, his Broadway debut, and his first English-language role.[8]
1912 Le Passant Street Singer Hudson Theatre One-act drama by François Coppée has Ruben as a Florentine street singer who captivates Beverly Sitgreaves. Ruben also gave a reading of Enrage at this one-off matinee program, performed while he was still appearing evenings in The Garden of Allah.[152]
The Garden of Allah Batouch Touring Company The travelling spectacle toured from late August 1912 thru May 1913.[11][15]
1913 La Vierge folle/Le Passant Marcel Armoury / Street Singer Harris Theatre One-act plays by Bataille and Coppée respectively.[16]
Andromaque Harris Theatre Classic tragedy by Jean Racine.[16]
1914 Le Mari Amoureaux des a Femme Octave D'Ubeville Belasco Theater[fn 6] The then Italian Ambassador to the US, Cusani Confalonieri, had translated this comedy by Giuseppe Giacosa into French.[153]
Days of War Count Dolga Vaudeville circuit One-act drama had Madame Yorska as a dancer pursued by Ruben whom she denounces as a spy.[19]
Le Vieil Homme Little Theater Five-act drama of social life by Georges de Porto-Riche.[20]
1916 Through the Ages[fn 7] Garrick Theatre[fn 8] American debut of play by Jerzy Żuławski, starred Madame Yorska and Robert T. Haines, with Florence Short, Roy Hoyer, Ruth Sharpe.[28]
Lover's Luck Marcel Desroches Comedy Theatre Ruben's debut with the Washington Square Players (WSP) was this one-act work by Porto-Riche in English translation.[29]
Another Way Out Gerard Larue Comedy Theatre One-act satire on Greenwich Village social mores by Lawrence Langner played on the same bill as Bushido and Altruism.[33]
Bushido Masuo Comedy Theatre The WSP's most successful production was this extract from a work by Takeda Izumo, designed and staged by Michio Itō.[33]
Altruism Comedy Theatre One-act play by Karl Ettlinger was skipped by most reviewers as Bushido ran so long.[33]
1917 The Life of Man Man Comedy Theatre Full length play by Leonid Andreyev was a limited engagement performance for WSP subscribers.[36]
A Private Account Edward Trielle Comedy Theatre One-act play by Georges Courteline, given in English translation, also starred Margaret Mower.[37]
The Poor Fool Hugo Haist Comedy Theatre One-act play by Hermann Bahr, given in English translation, was poorly received by critics.[38]
Ghosts Oswald Alving Comedy Theatre Ruben and Mary Shaw played the leads in this Henrik Ibsen tragedy, which also featured Margaret Mower, T.W. Gibson, and Arthur Hohl.[40]
Madame Sand Alfred de Musset Criterion Theatre
Knickerbocker Theatre		 Comedy by Philip Moeller, directed by Arthur Hopkins, with sets by Rollo Peters. Starred Mrs. Fiske, with Ferdinand Gottschalk, Olin Field, John Davidson, Walter Kingsford, Owen Meech, and Arthur Cross.[44]
1918 Madame Sand Alfred de Musset Touring company Ruben performed with the tour for two months of engagements.[50][51]
Romeo and Juliet Romeo Criterion Theatre Laurette Taylor played Juliet in this two-character excerpt from the balcony sceene.[55]
The Fine System Vaudeville circuit Olive Wyndham co-starred with Ruben in a one-act play by Georges Courteline, in English translation.[56]
I.O.U. Baron Tori Touring Company
Belmont Theatre		 Stage adaption by Willard Mack and Hector Turnbull of the latter's screenplay for The Cheat. Directed by John Cromwell, it co-starred Mary Nash.[58]
A Marriage of Convenience Chevalier de Valclos Touring Company From a four-act play by Alexandre Dumas, this production starred Henry Miller and Ruth Chatterton.[62][154]
1919 The Dancer Bejdan Borivenko Harris Theatre Produced by the Shuberts, this play by Edward Locke starred Isabelle Lowe, John Halliday, Effingham Pinto, and Ruben.[66]
1920 Sacred and Profane Love Emilio Diaz Morosco Theatre Four-act play by Arnold Bennett, starred Elsie Ferguson.[68]
Maker of Dreams Pierrot Knickerbocker Theatre One-act play by Oliphant Downs, given as two matinee benefits by the Actors' Fidelity League; with Ruth Chatterton and Howard Kyle.[155]
The Checkerboard Feodor Masimoff Previews
39th Street Theatre		 By Frederick and Fanny Hatton, staged by Clifford Brooke, starred Ruben with Donald McDonald, Miriam Sears, Dorothy Smoller, Kate Mayhew.[156][74]
Thy Name Is Woman Pedro Playhouse Theatre Four-act drama by Carl Schoner and Benjamin F. Glazer, directed by Ruben, and starring him and Mary Nash, with Curtis Cooksey and Edwin Maynard.
1921 Swords Cannetto National Theatre Costume drama by Sidney Howard, staged and produced by Brock Pemberton, starred Clare Eames and Ruben, with Charles Waldron, Raymond Bloomer, Jane Darwell.[80]
1922 Gringo Tito, el Tuerto Comedy Theatre By Sophie Treadwell, staged and produced by Guthrie McClintic, starred Ruben, with Edna Hibbard, Richard Barbee, Edna Walton, Frederick Perry.[88]
1923 The Exile Jacques Cortot Montauk Theatre
George M. Cohan Theatre		 Costume drama by Sidney Toler, staged by and starring Ruben, co-starring Eleanor Painter, with Etienne Girardot, Marion Abbott, Sydney Riggs, Wallis Clark.[94]
The Greaser Tito Vaudville circuit One-act condensation of Gringo marked Ruben's return to performing after a six-month hiatus.[96][97]
1924 The Woman Hunter Lyceum Theater[fn 9]
Shubert Belasco Theater[fn 10]		 Three-act play by Lewis Slodan and James Tracey; produced and staged by Ruben, who did not appear in it. Starred Ruth Shepley, with Charlotte Walker, William Boyd, Saxon Kling.[98]
La Vierge folle M. De Charence Gaiety Theatre One-act play by Henry Bataille, given twice as a matinee. Starring Mme. Simone, Eva La Gallienne, and Ruben, with M. de Rigoult, M. Delaqueriere, Mlle. Tilden.[157]
La Coutouriere de Luneville M. Rallon Gaiety Theatre One-act play by Alfred Savoir, given twice as a matinee. Starred Mme. Simone and Ruben.[158]
Le Passe Gaiety Theatre One-act play by Porto-Riche, given twice as a matinee. Starred Mme. Simone and Ruben, with José Delaqueriere, Henry Morrell, Emile Villamin.[159]
Leah Kleschna Schram Lyric Theatre Revival of melodrama by C. M. S. McLellan starred William Faversham, Arnold Daly, Helen Gahagan, Ruben, Arnold Korff, and Lowell Sherman.[100]
Bewitched Marquis National Theatre
Jolson Theatre		 Dramatic fantasy by Edward Sheldon and Sidney Howard, designed by Lee Simonson, starred Ruben, Florence Eldridge, and Glenn Anders.[102]
1925 The Firebrand Benvenuto Cellini Touring Company Ruben took over the role Joseph Schildkraut had originated on Broadway; starred Ruben, Nana Bryant and Frank Morgan.[106]
Merchants of Glory Monsieur Denis Guild Theatre By Marcel Pagnol and Paul Nivoix, translated by Ralph Roeder, staged by Philip Moeller, starring Augustin Duncan and Ruben, with Helen Westley.[109]
1926 Ghosts Oswald Alving Comedy Theatre Ruben reprised the role at the same theatre from WSP days. Starred Lucile Watson, with Edward Fielding, Hortense Alden, J. M. Kerrigan.[111]
The Two Orphans Pierre Frouchard Cosmopolitan Theatre Ruben played a cripple in this short-lived revival that starred his wife Mary Nash and her sister Florence Nash.[112]
1927 Closed Doors Jacob Slovak Werba's Brooklyn Theatre Drama by Mercedes de Acosta, staged by Edward Goodman, starred Ruben, with Florence Eldridge, Robert Strange, and Kate Morgan.[113]
The Crest of the Wave Vaudeville circuit One-act playlet by Ruben starred him and Florence Eldridge.[115]
Speakeasy Fuzzy Arnold Cort Theatre Gangster melodrama, in which Ruben appeared temporarily.[116]
Jacob Slovak Jacob Slovak Greenwich Village Theatre Closed Doors rewrite; staged by James Light, starring Ruben and Miriam Doyle, with Arthur Hughes, Beatrice Moreland, and Robert Abbott.[117]
1928 The Red Robe Cardinal Richelieu Shubert Theatre Based on Under the Red Robe by Stanley J. Weyman, staged by Stanley Logan, it starred Ruben, Walter Woolf, Helen Gilliland, John Goldsworthy.[118]
1931 As You Desire Me Boffi
The Cat and the Fiddle Clement Daudat
1933 The Drums Begin Gaston Corday
1934 Rain from Heaven Nikolai Jurin
1936 Matrimony Pfd Andre Lorre Ruben staged and performed in this play
1938 Madame Capet Herman Ruben directed and performed in this
1943 The Vagabond King Louis XI
1956 The Great Sebastians Karel Cerny ANTA Theatre
Coronet Theatre		 Ruben's last performance was this moderately successful comedy, starring Lynn Fontanne and Alfred Lunt, with Ben Astar, Simon Oakland, Arny Freeman, Joseph Holland, and Eugenia Rawls.[143]

Filmography

Film (by year of first release)
Year Title Role Notes
1914 Lord Chumley
1915 A Daughter of Earth[fn 11] Old Warner's Son Two-reel Biograph short starred Gretchen Hartman, Alan Hale, Edward Cecil and G. Raymond Nye.[23][160]
Reapers of the Whirlwind Charles Howard[fn 12] Biograph tragic short, directed by J. Farrell Macdonald, has Charles H. Mailes, Gretchen Hartman, Violet Reid, and G. Raymond Nye.[161]
The Law of Love Stanley Brentwood Another Biograph short, this time with Madge Kirby as the forlorn heroine; with Charles H. Mailes, G. Raymond Nye.[162]
Ashes of Inspiration Adrian West Biograph short; Ruben is again an artist, his muse being Ilean Hume and his wife Claire McDowell. With Charles H. Mailes, G. Raymond Nye,[24] and Kenneth Davenport.[163]
The Rehearsal Cecil King Biograph short; with Madge Kirby,[164] Vera Sisson, and Kate Bruce.[25]
The Worth of a Woman Barlow Biograph short; with Vera Sisson, Madge Kirby, and G. Raymond Nye.[165]
His Wife's Story George Fenmore This was a Klaw and Erlanger production,[166] perhaps in cooperation with Biograph. With Vera Sisson, G. Raymond Nye, and Charles H. Mailes.[167]
His Hand and Seal Ed Curwood A three-reel Biograph-Klaw and Erlanger production,[168] with Vera Sisson, Claretta Clair, Charles H. Mailes.[169]
The Laurel of Tears Dick Stuart Another three-reel Biograph film directed by J. Farrell Macdonald.[170] With Vera Sisson, Madge Kirby, G. Raymond Nye, and Charles H. Mailes.[171]
The Chief Inspector Biograph short, with Vera Sisson, Madge Kirby, G. Raymond Nye, and Charles H. Mailes.[172]
The Eyes of the Soul Joe Abbott Biograph short, with Claire McDowell.[173]
Love's Enduring Flames Biograph short, with Claire McDowell, Alan Hale, Vola Smith, William J. Butler.[174]
His Emergency Wife Mrs. George Haynes Ruben plays the imposter in this variation of Charley's Aunt. With Alan Hale, Vola Smith, and William J. Butler.[175]
1916 A Life Chase Three-reeler, with Louise Vale, Franklin Ritchie, Jack Drumier, Gus Pixley, and Herbert Barrington.[176]
The Iron Will Lieutenet Szilard Three-reel Biograph film,[177] with Vera Sisson, G. Raymond Nye, Ivan Christy, Charles H. Mailes, Gretchen Hartman, Jack Mulhall.[178]
What Happened to Peggy Biograph short directed by Walter Coyle, with Claire McDowell and Vola Smith.[179]
The Indian Three-reel western, with Claire McDowell and Vola Smith.[180]
Poor Plutocrats Three-reel drama from story by Maurice Joakins, with Gretchen Hartman, Charles H. Mailes, Jack Mulhall, G. Raymond Nye, and Ivan Christy.[181]
A Grip of Gold
Alias Jimmie Barton Jimmie Barton Biograph short, with Jack Mulhall, Gretchen Hartman, Jack Drumier.[182]
Paths that Crossed Three-reel drama, with Charles H. Mailes, Adelaide Woods, Claire McDowell, and Vola Smith[183]
The Larrimore Case Ruben and Charles H. Mailes got carried away during a fight scene and had to be separated by director J. Farrell Macdonald.[184] Three reels, with Vera Sisson and Gretchen Hartman.[185]
Merry Mary Biograph short, with Vola Smith and Claire McDowell.[186]
1921 The Lying Truth Extra While touring Los Angeles in Thy Name Is Woman, Ruben and Mary Nash were offered one-day parts as extras in this film by the director, Nash's friend Marion Fairfax.[187]
1922 The Man from Home[fn 13] Ribière Based on a Booth Tarkington work, the exteriors were shot in Italy.[84]
1923 Dark Secrets Dr. Mohammed Ali Filmed at Paramount Studio on Long Island during October 1922 with the working title of Black Fury.[86]
1925 Salome of the Tenements Jakey Solomon This was filmed in November 1924 at the Famous Players–Lasky studio in Astoria, Queens.[105]

Notes

  1. ↑ Tyler would be remarkably omnipresent throughout Ruben's stage and film career.
  2. ↑ According to columnist Louis Sheaffer, Ruben went from $500 a week at Biograph to $50 a week with the WSP. See Brooklyn Daily Eagle for March 22, 1951, page 6.
  3. ↑ At the time this was universally acknowledged by critics, but in hindsight a young drama apprentice from Buffalo, New York, who made her professional debut with one line in Bushido, would go on to greater fame as Katharine Cornell.
  4. ↑ Before air-conditioned theaters, a summer opening in Manhattan signalled a property for which the backers had few expectations.
  5. ↑ The cause of this is unknown, but may have to do with his membership in the Actor's Fidelity League. During a threatened strike in August 1924, Actor's Equity had won a closed shop concession from the Producing Managers' Association that eventually choked off membership in the rival league.
  6. ↑ This was in Washington, D.C.
  7. ↑ The original 1904 play was called Eros i Psyche in Polish.
  8. ↑ This was located in Philadelphia.
  9. ↑ This was in Paterson, New Jersey.
  10. ↑ This was in Washington, D.C.
  11. ↑ Some newspapers from 1915 have the title as A Daughter of the Earth.
  12. ↑ IMDb has confused Ruben's role with that of G. Raymond Nye.
  13. ↑ The Wikipedia article for this film contains a media file of the entire movie, perhaps the only online source in which Ruben's acting may be seen today.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 New York, U.S., State and Federal Naturlization Records, 1794-1943 for Jose Ruben, Southern District, New York, (Roll 0162), Petition No. 22314, retrieved from Ancestry.com
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Jose Ruben Dies; Actor, Director". New York Times. New York, New York. April 30, 1969. p. 47 – via NYTimes.com.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "The Story of M. Ruben". New York Times. New York, New York. January 14, 1917. p. 69 – via NYTimes.com.
  4. ↑ Hammond, Percy (November 1, 1910). "Madame Bernhardt Defies Time in "L'Aiglon"". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ↑ "Cheers for Bernhardt". The New York Times. New York, New York. June 22, 1911. p. 11 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ↑ "Plays and Players". Times Union. Brooklyn, New York. October 12, 1911. p. 12 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Zeiger, Joan (October 16, 1944). "Jose Ruben Returns Here As New Course Instructor". Barnard Bulletin. New York, New York. pp. 3–4 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. 1 2 3 "Lewis Waller Scores In "The Garden of Allah"". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. October 22, 1911. p. 11 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ↑ ""The Garden of Allah"". Des Moines Register. Des Moines, Iowa. October 25, 1911. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ↑ "Plays and Players". The Buffalo Commercial. Buffalo, New York. May 18, 1912. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. 1 2 "Liebler & Co's Season Is Getting Underway". The Times-Tribune. Scranton, Pennsylvania. August 28, 1912. p. 14 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. 1 2 "Barred From Hotels, Arabs Live in Loft". The Inter Ocean. Chicago, Illinois. August 27, 1912. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ↑ ""The Garden of Allah" In Its Final Fortnight Here". The Boston Globe. Boston, Massachusetts. March 9, 1913. p. 50 – via Newspapers.com.
  14. ↑ "Takes Out First Papers". The Boston Globe. Boston, Massachusetts. January 24, 1913. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. 1 2 ""Garden of Allah" A Great Spectacle". The Scranton Truth. Scranton, Pennsylvania. May 9, 1913. p. 11 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. 1 2 3 4 "French Players Rehearsal". New York Tribune. New York, New York. December 21, 1913. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. 1 2 "Paris Applauds American Woman". Los Angeles Evening Post-Record. Los Angeles, California. January 19, 1912. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ↑ "Mme. Yorska Thursday". Evening Star. Washington, D.C. February 22, 1914. p. 20 – via Newspapers.com.
  19. 1 2 Hammond, Percy (October 16, 1914). "Madame Yorska Appears in Timely War Sketch". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. p. 11 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. 1 2 "French Players Make Bow". Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. November 26, 1914. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  21. ↑ "Orpheum Bill Has Well Balanced Program". The Fresno Morning Republican. Fresno, California. April 14, 1915. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ↑ "Red Cross Benefit". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. June 20, 1915. p. 14 – via Newspapers.com.
  23. 1 2 "Tomorrow -Biograph- A Daughter of Earth". Freeport Journal-Standard. Freeport, Illinois. August 5, 1915. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. 1 2 "Lyric". Reading Times. Reading, Pennsylvania. September 6, 1915. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
  25. 1 2 "Wonderland". Pittsburgh Daily Post. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. September 19, 1915. p. 24 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. ↑ "Stage and Screen". The Post-Star. Glens Falls, New York. November 11, 1915. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.
  27. ↑ "The Penn". The News-Journal. Lancaster, Pennsylvania. November 22, 1915. p. 12 – via Newspapers.com.
  28. 1 2 ""Through the Ages", "The Devil's Invention" New Offerings of Week". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. May 7, 1916. p. 34 – via Newspapers.com.
  29. 1 2 3 "Washington Square Players Begin New Season Auspiciously". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. October 3, 1916. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.
  30. ↑ "Novel Playlets in Comedy's New Bill". The New York Times. New York, New York. October 3, 1916. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
  31. ↑ Woollcott, Alexander (October 8, 1916). "Second Thoughts on First Nights". The New York Times. New York, New York. p. 30 – via Newspapers.com.
  32. ↑ "Four New Plays Seen at Comedy". The Sun. New York, New York. November 14, 1916. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 Broun, Heywood (November 14, 1916). "Best Bill Seen at the Comedy". New York Tribune. New York, New York. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  34. ↑ "Japanese Tragedy Admirably Staged". The New York Times. New York, New York. November 14, 1916. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.
  35. ↑ "(Advertisement)". New York Herald. New York, New York. February 4, 1917. p. 31 – via Newspapers.com.
  36. 1 2 "'The Life of Man' Well Presented". New York Times. New York, New York. January 15, 1917. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  37. 1 2 "Four One Act Plays Given at Comedy". New York Herald. New York, New York. February 13, 1917. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
  38. 1 2 "Three Plays Given at the Comedy". The Sun. New York, New York. March 22, 1917. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  39. ↑ "Plays and Players". New York Tribune. New York, New York. May 18, 1917. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
  40. 1 2 "Satisfying Revival of Ibsen's 'Ghosts'". New York Times. New York, New York. May 8, 1917. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
  41. ↑ Broun, Heywood (May 8, 1917). ""Ghosts" Is Not Played Well By Washington Square Players". New York Tribune. New York, New York. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
  42. ↑ "Notes and Comments on Plays and Players". The Indianapolis News. Indianapolis, Indiana. June 16, 1917. p. 27 – via Newspapers.com.
  43. ↑ Hammond, Percy (October 28, 1917). "News and Views of the Theaters". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. p. 35 – via Newspapers.com.
  44. 1 2 "Mrs. Fiske Is Seen in Moeller's Play". The Sun. New York, New York. November 20, 1917. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
  45. ↑ "Mrs. Fiske Smokes Cigars in New Play". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis, Missouri. November 20, 1917. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
  46. ↑ "Playhouse Paragraphs". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. November 25, 1917. p. 18 – via Newspapers.com.
  47. ↑ "Plays and Players". Brooklyn Life. Brooklyn, New York. December 1, 1917. p. 18 – via Newspapers.com.
  48. ↑ Mantle, Burns (December 2, 1917). "Burns Mantle's New York Letter". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. p. 65 – via Newspapers.com.
  49. ↑ "Theatrical Notes". Times Union. Brooklyn, New York. January 10, 1918. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
  50. 1 2 Hammond, Percy (January 22, 1918). "Mrs. Fiske in "Madame Sand"". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. p. 17 – via Newspapers.com.
  51. 1 2 ""Mme Sand" Acted by Mrs. Fiske". The Boston Globe. Boston, Massachusetts. March 5, 1918. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
  52. ↑ "Laurette Taylor As Juliet, Portia And Katherine". New York Tribune. New York, New York. March 31, 1918. p. 34 – via Newspapers.com.
  53. 1 2 "Miss Taylor Dips Into Shakespeare". The Sun. New York, New York. April 6, 1918. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
  54. 1 2 "Fails to Improve Portia". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. April 6, 1918. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
  55. 1 2 3 Broun, Heywood (April 6, 1918). "Laurette Taylor Not at Her Best in Matinee of Shakespeare". New York Tribune. New York, New York. p. 13 – via Newspapers.com.
  56. 1 2 "A Charming Playlet Given at Palace". New York Tribune. New York, New York. May 7, 1918. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
  57. ↑ "B. F. Keith's Today". The Washington Herald. Washington, D.C. June 9, 1918. p. 13 – via Newspapers.com.
  58. 1 2 3 ""I.O.U." Is Drama with Real Punch". Asbury Park Press. Asbury Park, New Jersey. August 6, 1918. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  59. ↑ "I.O.U Proves Flash in Pan at Belmont". The Sun. New York, New York. October 6, 1918. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
  60. 1 2 "Plays and Players". New York Tribune. New York, New York. October 24, 1918. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
  61. ↑ "How Mary Nash Found Real Love In Her Make-Believe Play". The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. November 24, 1918. p. 51 – via Newspapers.com.
  62. 1 2 "At the Theatres". The Chronicle-Telegram. Elryia, Ohio. December 7, 1918. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  63. ↑ "Betwixt and Between - the Fidelity Borad (photo caption)". Daily News. New York, New York. August 27, 1919. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  64. ↑ "Stage Strike Closes Two More Houses". New York Tribune. New York, New York. August 24, 1919. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  65. ↑ "5 Shows Open as Strike Ends". Times Union. Brooklyn, New York. September 7, 1919. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  66. 1 2 3 Broun, Heywood (October 2, 1919). ""The Dancer" Is New Play By Edward Locke at the Harris". New York Tribune. New York, New York. p. 11 – via Newspapers.com.
  67. ↑ Woollcott, Alexander (October 2, 1919). "The Play". The New York Times. New York, New York. p. 20 – via Nytimes.com.
  68. 1 2 "'Sacred and Profane Love' Stars Elsie Ferguson". Times Union. Brooklyn, New York. February 24, 1920. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  69. 1 2 "Sincerity Is the Secret of the Histrionic Art, Says Clever Jose Ruben". New York Tribune. New York, New York. May 2, 1920. p. 42 – via Newspapers.com.
  70. 1 2 3 U.S., Passport Applications, 1795-1925 for Jose Ruben; Passport Applications, January 2, 1906 - March 31, 1925 > 1920 > Roll 1188 - Certificates: 27000 - 27375, retrieved from Ancestry.com
  71. ↑ "Ruben Sails for London". Daily News. New York, New York. May 18, 1920. p. 38 – via Newspapers.com.
  72. ↑ "Stage Notes". Times Union. Brooklyn, New York. August 16, 1920. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
  73. ↑ ""Checkerboard" Interesting with Jose Ruben in Lead". Times Union. Brooklyn, New York. August 20, 1920. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
  74. 1 2 Woollcott, Alexander (August 20, 1920). "The Play". The New York Times. New York, New York. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  75. ↑ McElliott (September 3, 1920). "This and That in the Theatre". Daily News. New York, New York. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.
  76. ↑ ""Jimmie" Opens the New Apollo; Nash in "Thy Name Is Woman"". New York Herald. New York, New York. November 14, 1920. p. 46 – via Newspapers.com.
  77. ↑ "Mary Nash Appears in New Melodrama". The Brooklyn Citizen. Brooklyn, New York. November 16, 1920. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  78. ↑ "Majestic Theatre: "Thy Name Is Woman"". The Chat. Brooklyn, New York. February 26, 1921. p. 22 – via Newspapers.com.
  79. ↑ ""Thy Name Is Woman" At Teller's Shubert". The Standard Union. Brooklyn, New York. March 15, 1921. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
  80. 1 2 Belgion, Montgomery (September 2, 1921). ""Swords" Proves Splendid Drama for Clare Eames". Daily News. New York, New York. p. 41 – via Newspapers.com.
  81. ↑ "Amusements: National (ad)". New York Herald. New York, New York. October 1, 1921. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
  82. ↑ Hammond, Percy (October 2, 1921). "Flashes of Wit Rare in Current New York Plays". Buffalo Courier. Buffalo, New York. p. 17 – via Newspapers.com.
  83. ↑ "Daily Squint at the Movie Stars". Star-Gazette. Elmira, New York. December 10, 1921. p. 12 – via Newspapers.com.
  84. 1 2 "'The Man from Home', from Tarkington Play, Joins Novelties on the Screen". New York Herald. New York, New York. April 30, 1922. p. 40 – via Newspapers.com.
  85. ↑ "Movie Facts and Fancies". The Boston Globe. Boston, Massachusetts. July 12, 1922. p. 14 – via Newspapers.com.
  86. 1 2 "Shadows on the Screen". New York Tribune. New York, New York. October 22, 1922. p. 50 – via Newspapers.com.
  87. ↑ Gallico, P. W. (January 25, 1923). "Dark Secrets Has a Good Villain and Not Much More". Daily News. New York, New York. p. 49 – via Newspapers.com.
  88. 1 2 3 Woollcott, Alexander (December 15, 1922). "The Reviewing Stand". New York Herald. New York, New York. p. 14 – via Newspapers.com.
  89. ↑ Pollock, Arthur (December 15, 1922). "The New Plays". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. p. 18 – via Newspapers.com.
  90. ↑ Mantle, Burns (December 15, 1922). ""Gringo" Another of Those Bandit Plays". Daily News. New York, New York. p. 56 – via Newspapers.com.
  91. ↑ Treadwell, Sophie (December 24, 1922). "Villa's Voice, the Voice of Mexico, Rings from the Lips of Jose Ruben". New York Tribune. New York, New York. p. 37 – via Newspapers.com.
  92. ↑ "Gringo Quits Tonight". Daily News. New York, New York. January 13, 1923. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  93. ↑ Pollock, Arthur (March 6, 1923). ""The Exile", New Play by Sidney Toler, Has Debut at Montauk". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. p. 12 – via Newspapers.com.
  94. 1 2 Mantle, Burns (April 12, 1923). ""The Exile" Offers Romance and Song". Daily News. New York, New York. p. 40 – via Newspapers.com.
  95. ↑ Mantle, Burns (May 5, 1923). "Summer Season Starts Plays On And Off Stage". Daily News. New York, New York. p. 40 – via Newspapers.com.
  96. 1 2 "Theatre Notes". Daily News. New York, New York. November 1, 1923. p. 48 – via Newspapers.com.
  97. 1 2 "B. F. Keith's". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. December 16, 1923. p. 33 – via Newspapers.com.
  98. 1 2 "Lyceum". The News. Paterson, New Jersey. February 9, 1924. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
  99. ↑ Mantle, Burns (March 8, 1924). "La Gallienne, Ruben Will Support Simone". Daily News. New York, New York. p. 18 – via Newspapers.com.
  100. 1 2 "In Manhattan". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. April 22, 1924. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
  101. ↑ ""Leah Kleschna" To Close". Times Union. Brooklyn, New York. May 11, 1924. p. 15 – via Newspapers.com.
  102. 1 2 Mantle, Burns (October 2, 1924). "Romance "Bewitched" in Enchanted Forest". Daily News. New York, New York. p. 88 – via Newspapers.com.
  103. ↑ "Theatre Notes". Daily News. New York, New York. October 15, 1924. p. 24 – via Newspapers.com.
  104. ↑ "From Day to Day in Old New York". The Buffalo Enquirer. Buffalo, New York. October 30, 1924. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
  105. 1 2 "Screenland's New Center of Gravity". Daily News. New York, New York. November 16, 1924. p. 69 – via Newspapers.com.
  106. 1 2 "Osculatory Stunts". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. September 20, 1925. p. 89 – via Newspapers.com.
  107. ↑ "Shuberts Getting 7 New Theatres for Gay Rialto". Daily News. New York, New York. September 20, 1925. p. 145 – via Newspapers.com.
  108. ↑ "In Guild Play". Daily News. New York, New York. November 24, 1925. p. 192 – via Newspapers.com.
  109. 1 2 3 "In France and Here". Times Union. Brooklyn, New York. December 15, 1925. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
  110. ↑ "Radio Broadcasting Programs". The Hartford Courant. Hartford, Connecticut. January 3, 1926 – via Newspapers.com.
  111. 1 2 "The New Plays". Times Union. Brooklyn, New York. March 17, 1926. p. 15 – via Newspapers.com.
  112. 1 2 3 Keefe, Willard (April 6, 1926). "The New Plays". Times Union. Brooklyn, New York. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.
  113. 1 2 "Theatre Briefs: Werba's Brooklyn Theatre". The Chat. Brooklyn, New York. March 5, 1927. p. 25 – via Newspapers.com.
  114. ↑ "'Closed Doors' Shut Until Next Season". Daily News. New York, New York. March 14, 1927. p. 57 – via Newspapers.com.
  115. 1 2 "Trying Vaudeville". Evening Express. Portland, Maine. April 6, 1927. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.
  116. 1 2 "Jamaica's New Play". Times Union. Brooklyn, New York. September 13, 1927. p. 37 – via Newspapers.com.
  117. 1 2 Field, Rowland (October 6, 1927). "The New Play". Times Union. Brooklyn, New York. p. 54 – via Newspapers.com.
  118. 1 2 Mantle, Burns (December 27, 1928). ""The Red Robe" Is Another of Those Musketeer Plays". Daily News. New York, New York. p. 73 – via Newspapers.com.
  119. ↑ https://playbill.com/production/sweet-chariot-ambassador-theatre-vault-0000001098
  120. 1 2 Pollock, Arthur (February 11, 1936). "The Theater". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. p. 14 – via Newspapers.com.
  121. ↑ Field, Rowland (February 15, 1936). "Both Sides of the Curtain". Times Union. Brooklyn, New York. p. 15 – via Newspapers.com.
  122. 1 2 3 "Acting, Staging, Costuming of "Edward II" Praised". Barnard Bulletin. New York, New York. January 10, 1944. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  123. ↑ "Dean Discloses Staff Changes". Barnard Bulletin. New York, New York. September 27, 1944. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
  124. 1 2 "Ruben, Freeman Offer "Dramatic Workshop" Course". Barnard Bulletin. New York, New York. April 27, 1944. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  125. 1 2 "W&C Tryouts for Julius Caesar Are to Be Continued In Theatre". Barnard Bulletin. New York, New York. November 6, 1944. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
  126. ↑ Zeiger, Joan (December 14, 1944). "Dana, Murphy, Ragsdale Make 'Caesar' Roles Live". Barnard Bulletin. New York, New York. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  127. ↑ "Teaching Staff Changes Listed". Barnard Bulletin. New York, New York. February 15, 1945. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  128. ↑ "Opening Fourth Season". The Brooklyn Citizen. Brooklyn, New York. February 14, 1945. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
  129. ↑ "List Changes in Faculty". Barnard Bulletin. New York, New York. September 26, 1945. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  130. ↑ "Leora Dana Stars in Barnard Production of Webster Play". Barnard Bulletin. New York, New York. December 10, 1945. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  131. ↑ Price, Edgar (May 18, 1944). "The Premiere". The Brooklyn Citizen. Brooklyn, New York. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
  132. ↑ "Massenet 'Manon', Two Debuts, in City Opera Week". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. March 18, 1951. p. 32 – via Newspapers.com.
  133. ↑ "Center Opens". Daily News. New York, New York. April 2, 1945. p. 25 – via Newspapers.com.
  134. ↑ Schallert, Edwin (May 4, 1946). "'Vagabond King' Handled in Dazzling Fashion". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.
  135. ↑ Soames, Wood (May 28, 1946). "Curtain Calls: Friml Opus Hailed in S.F.". Oakland Tribune. Oakland, California. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.
  136. ↑ Cassidy, Claudia (June 30, 1946). "Here's the Program for the Chicago Opera Company". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. p. 78 – via Newspapers.com.
  137. ↑ Sylvester, Robert (December 27, 1946). "'Toplitzky of Notre Dame' Is a Credit to the B'way Alumni". Daily News. New York, New York. p. 196 – via Newspapers.com.
  138. ↑ "'Three Musketeers' Has Jose Ruben As Its Director". Hollywood Citizen News. Hollywood, California. June 6, 1947. p. 16 – via Newspapers.com.
  139. ↑ "'3 Musketeers' Starts July 7". San Francisco Examiner. San Francisco, California. July 2, 1947. p. 15 – via Newspapers.com.
  140. ↑ "Patrice Munsel and a Modern, Lavish Hand Revive Rose Marie". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California. July 8, 1950. p. 23 – via Newspapers.com.
  141. ↑ "'Manon' Director". Daily News. New York, New York. March 12, 1951. p. 61 – via Newspapers.com.
  142. ↑ "City Rigoletto; New Balanchine". Daily News. New York, New York. September 6, 1951. p. 463 – via Newspapers.com.
  143. 1 2 3 Chapman, John (January 6, 1956). "Lunt, Fontanne, Lindsay, Crouse Hit Jackpot in 'Great Sebastians'". Daily News. New York, New York. p. 261 – via Newspapers.com.
  144. ↑ "Obituary: José Ruben". Daily News. New York, New York. April 30, 1969. p. 93 – via Newspapers.com.
  145. ↑ Jose Ruben in the U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014, retrieved from Ancestry.com
  146. ↑ "Mary Nash". The New York Sun. New York, New York. November 3, 1918. p. 32 – via Newspapers.com.
  147. ↑ "Miss Nash Defends Her Foreign Accent in Play". New York Herald. New York, New York. November 21, 1920. p. 38 – via Newspapers.com.
  148. ↑ "Jose Ruben, the Actor". The Standard Union. Brooklyn, New York. March 8, 1923. p. 18 – via Newspapers.com.
  149. ↑ Victoria W. Ruben in the U.S., Find a Grave Index, 1600s-Current, retrieved from Ancestry.com
  150. ↑ "Show Shops". The Pittsburgh Press. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. January 6, 1956. p. 16 – via Newspapers.com.
  151. ↑ "Wehrum-Ruben". Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. October 11, 1949. p. 21 – via Newspapers.com.
  152. ↑ "Theater Topics". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. February 14, 1912. p. 28 – via Newspapers.com.
  153. ↑ "Diplomat's Work Seen in Belasco Production". The Washington Times. Washington, D.C. February 27, 1914. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
  154. ↑ ""A Marriage of Convenience" at the Hollis". The Boston Globe. Boston, Massachusetts. December 22, 1918. p. 32 – via Newspapers.com.
  155. ↑ "Actors Give Benefit". Times Union. Brooklyn, New York. April 28, 1920. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
  156. ↑ "'Checkerboard' Is Novel, Pleasing". Asbury Park Press. Asbury Park, New Jersey. August 13, 1920. p. 17 – via Newspapers.com.
  157. ↑ Mantle, Burns (March 22, 1924). "Simone Returns In La Vierge Folle". Daily News. New York, New York. p. 42 – via Newspapers.com.
  158. ↑ "Mme. Simone in Another Performance at the Gaiety". Brooklyn Citizen. Brooklyn, New York. March 26, 1924. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.
  159. ↑ "Mme. Simone in "Le Passe"". The Standard Union. Brooklyn, New York. March 28, 1924. p. 14 – via Newspapers.com.
  160. ↑ "Lyric". Reading Times. Reading, Pennsylvania. August 9, 1915. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
  161. ↑ "Wednesday: Reapers of the Whirlwind". Freeport Journal-Standard. Freeport, Illinois. August 16, 1915. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.
  162. ↑ "Lyric". Reading Times. Reading, Pennsylvania. August 30, 1915. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  163. ↑ "New Pictures at the Park". The Bangor Daily News. Bangor, Maine. September 13, 1915. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  164. ↑ "Special Film Features". Evening Star. Washington, D.C. September 16, 1915. p. 24 – via Newspapers.com.
  165. ↑ "Special Film Features". Evening Star. Washington, D.C. October 18, 1915. p. 18 – via Newspapers.com.
  166. ↑ "Miss Rockwell Is In Photoplay at Bijou". The Daily Telegram. Clarksburg, West Virginia. October 20, 1915. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
  167. ↑ "Lyric". Reading Times. Reading, Pennsylvania. October 18, 1915. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  168. ↑ "Can Be Seen at Bijou Theatre". The Sunday Telegram. Clarksburg, West Virginia. November 7, 1915. p. 15 – via Newspapers.com.
  169. ↑ "Colonial Hall (ad)". Courier-Post. Camden, New Jersey. October 23, 1915. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
  170. ↑ "Anniversary Week at the Plaza Theatre". Courier-Post. Camden, New Jersey. December 11, 1915. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
  171. ↑ "Superb Picture Drama Heads Frontier Bill". The Buffalo Enquirer. Buffalo, New York. November 16, 1915. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  172. ↑ "Empire Theater". Hartford Courant. Hartford, Connecticut. November 17, 1915. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
  173. ↑ "At the Gem Today". Wichita Falls Times. Wichita Falls, Texas. February 4, 1916. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.
  174. ↑ "Today at the Beautiful New Nelson Theater (ad)". The West Virginian. Fairmont, West Virginia. December 3, 1915. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
  175. ↑ "Bijou Today". Green Bay Press-Gazette. Green Bay, Wisconsin. February 5, 1916. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  176. ↑ "Varsity (ad)". The Champaign Daily News. Champaign, Illinois. March 15, 1916. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  177. ↑ "Fire Proof Peoples Theatre (ad)". Press and Sun-Bulletin. Binghamton, New York. February 26, 1916. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  178. ↑ "Crystal". The Star Press. Muncie, Indiana. February 14, 1916. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  179. ↑ "At Edisonia Monday "What Happened to Peggy"". The Charlotte News. Charlotte, North Carolina. April 2, 1916. pp. 10–11 – via Newspapers.com.
  180. ↑ "Varsity (ad)". The Champaign Daily News. Champaign, Illinois. April 24, 1916. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  181. ↑ "Varsity (ad)". The Champaign Daily News. Champaign, Illinois. May 22, 1916. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  182. ↑ ""The Slums", No. 12 of "Strange Case of Mary Page" - Lyceum". The Leavenworth Times. Leavenworth, Kansas. May 23, 1916. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  183. ↑ "Varsity (ad)". The Champaign Daily News. Champaign, Illinois. May 27, 1916. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  184. ↑ "Gretchen Hartman's Championship". The Buffalo Times. Buffalo, New York. June 4, 1916. p. 58 – via Newspapers.com.
  185. ↑ "Varsity (ad)". The Champaign Daily News. Champaign, Illinois. June 12, 1916. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  186. ↑ "In the Theatre". The Post-Star. Glens Falls, New York. June 20, 1916. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  187. ↑ "Who Says Stage Stars Are Fussy?". Tacoma Ledger. Tacoma, Washington. June 5, 1921. p. 52 – via Newspapers.com.
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