The 1st Viscount Mountcashel
JustinMacCarty.png
Tenure1689–1694
Bornc.1643
Died1 July 1694
Barèges, France
Spouse(s)Arabella Wentworth
FatherDonough, 1st Earl of Clancarty
MotherEleanor Butler

Justin McCarthy, 1st Viscount Mountcashel, PC (Ire) (c.1643 – 1694), was a Jacobite general in the Williamite War in Ireland and a personal friend of James II. He commanded Irish Army troops during the conflict, enjoying initial success when he seized Bandon in County Cork in 1689. However, he was defeated and captured at the Battle of Newtownbutler later in the same year. He escaped and was accused of having broken parole. After the end of the war, he led an Irish Brigade overseas for service in the French Army. He died in French exile.

Birth and origins

Justin was born about 1643,[1] probably in Blarney, County Cork, Ireland.[2] He was the third son of Donough McCarthy and his wife Eleanor Butler. At the time of his birth, Justin's father was the 2nd Viscount Muskerry, but he would be advanced to Earl of Clancarty in 1658.[3] His father's family were the MacCartys of Muskerry, a Gaelic Irish dynasty that branched from the MacCarthy-Mor line with Dermot MacCarthy, second son of Cormac MacCarthy-Mor, a medieval Prince of Desmond.[4] This second son had been granted the Muskerry area as appanage.[5]

Justin's mother was the eldest sister of James Butler,[6] at that time Marquess of Ormond.[7] Her family, the Butlers, were Old English and descended from Theobald Walter, who had been appointed Chief Butler of Ireland by King Henry II in 1177.[8] Justin's parents were both Catholic; they had married before 1641.[9]

Family tree
Justin McCarthy with wife, parents, and other selected relatives. His marriage was childless.[lower-alpha 1]
Charles
1st Viscount
Muskerry

1564–1641
Margaret
O'Brien
Thomas
Viscount
Thurles

d. 1619
d.v.p.*
Elizabeth
Pointz
Donough
1st Earl

1594–1665
Eleanor
Butler

d. 1682
James
1st Duke
Ormond

1610–1688
Helen
d. 1722
Charles
Viscount
Muskerry**

c. 1633 – 1665
d.v.p.*
Margaret
Bourke
Justin
Viscount
Mountcashel

c. 1643 – 1694
Arabella
Wentworth

1630–1689
Margaret
d. 1703
Callaghan
3rd Earl

d. 1676
Elizabeth
FitzGerald

d. 1698
Charles
2nd Earl
1663–1666
Donough
4th Earl

1668–1734
Elizabeth
Spencer

1671–1704
Robert
MacCarty

1698–1769
Legend
XXXSubject of
the article
XXXEarls of
Clancarty
XXXEarls & dukes
of Ormond
*d.v.p. = predeceased his father (decessit vita patris)
**courtesy title
Justin listed among his brothers
He appears at the bottom of the list of brothers as the youngest:
  1. Charles, also known as Cormac (1633 or 1634 – 1665), predeceased his father being killed in the Battle of Lowestoft, a naval engagement[15]
  2. Callaghan (c.1638 – 1676), succeeded his brother's son as the 3rd Earl of Clancarty[16]
  3. Justin (c.1643 – 1694)
Justin's sisters
  1. Helen (died 1722), married 1st John FitzGerald of Dromana and 2ndly the 7th Earl of Clanricarde[17]
  2. Margaret (died 1704), became Countess of Fingall by marrying Luke Plunket, 3rd Earl of Fingall[18]

Irish wars

Justin was born during the Irish Confederate Wars in the part of Ireland that was then held by the Irish confederacy. His father was then a member of the confederacy's Supreme Council and commander of its Munster army. Justin was two in 1645 when his mother hosted Giovanni Battista Rinuccini, sent as nuncio to Ireland by Pope Innocent X, at Macroom Castle.[19] His father opposed Rinuccini's dealings in Irish politics and when the nuncio seized power in a coup d'état in 1646, Justin's father was detained at Kilkenny Castle and stripped of the command of the Munster Army.[20][21]

Exile

In April 1650 his family lost Macroom Castle, where Justin had spent his childhood, in the context of the Battle of Macroom.[22][23][24] Around that time, anticipating the loss of Macroom or because of it, his father sent Justin, his mother, and sisters to security in France. His mother then lived in Paris, in the convent of the Feuillantines.[25]

After Rinuccini's departure, his father fought the Parliamentarians in the Cromwellian Conquest of Ireland. Muskerry fought to the bitter end, surrendering Ross Castle near Killarney to Edmund Ludlow in June 1652.[26][27]

A bust-length portrait of a clean-shaven man with long hair
Justin McCarthy as a young man[28]

In 1658 his father was created Earl of Clancarty by Charles II in Brussels, where he was then in exile.[3] By this advancement the title of the viscount of Muskerry became a subsidiary title of the family, which was given as courtesy title to the Earl's heir apparent, at that time his eldest brother Charles, who was therefore styled Viscount Muskerry thereafter.

Restoration

The family had their property confiscated under the Cromwellian regime, but it was restored to them at the Restoration of Charles II. Justin seems to have grown up mainly in France. He became a professional soldier and showed great skill in his profession, but poor eyesight hampered his career. He entered the French army in 1671, and then transferred to the Duke of Monmouth's regiment, then in French pay, and served against the Dutch.[29]

On 4 March 1665, the Second Anglo-Dutch War broke out. Three months into the war, on 3 June 1665 O.S., his brother Charles, Lord Muskerry, was killed on the flagship, the Royal Charles, in the Battle of Lowestoft, the first major naval engagement of the war and an English victory.[15] His brother had an infant son, also named Charles, who succeeded him as heir apparent and was, therefore, styled Viscount of Muskerry. However, their father, the 1st Earl, died two months later, on 4 August 1665,[30] and the younger Charles succeeded as the 2nd Earl of Clancarty. The 2nd Earl died about a year later, on 22 September 1666, still an infant.[31][32][lower-alpha 2] Thereupon Callaghan, the infant's uncle, succeeded as the 3rd Earl of Clancarty.

Justin McCarthy came to England in 1678 and was befriended by the future James II, who generally chose soldiers, especially Irish soldiers, as his boon companions. Charles II decided to use his services in Ireland, and made him a colonel in Sir Thomas Dongan's regiment. On the outbreak of the Popish Plot, however, the discovery of Colonel McCarthy's presence at Whitehall caused uproar: he fled the country, and the Secretary of State, Sir Joseph Williamson, who had issued his commission, was sent to the Tower of London.[33]

Meddling in nephew's marriage

By 1683 Colonel MacCarthy was at Court again, where his growing influence was shown by the marriage he arranged for his immensely wealthy nephew Donough MacCarthy, 4th Earl of Clancarty. Callaghan, the 3rd Earl, had died in 1676, leaving his young son in the care of his widow, Lady Elizabeth FitzGerald, daughter of George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare: she has been described as "a fierce Protestant isolated in a Catholic family".[34] She placed her son in the care of John Fell, Bishop of Oxford, for a Protestant education. Colonel MacCarthy was determined to have the final word on the young earl's marriage and religion, and persuaded the King to invite the young earl to Court for Christmas. He brought that letter in person to the bishop.[35] Here Donough MacCarthy, at sixteen, was married to Elizabeth Spencer who was two years younger. The marriage would not be consummated for many years. The bride was a daughter of Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland. The Earl of Sunderland was a Protestant at that time but had Catholic leanings and would turn a Catholic in 1687. The marriage was a failure, and Kenyon, Sunderland's biographer, remarked that it left a stain on the reputation of all those who ruined the lives of these two young people, without gaining anything in return. Gilbert Burnet wrote that in anything that did not directly concern his religion, MacCarthy was an honourable man.[36]

Under James II

Under the Catholic King James II, McCarthy was in 1686 promoted to Major General and became a member of the Privy Council of Ireland.[37] He quarrelled with the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, the 2nd Earl of Clarendon, and probably intrigued to secure Clarendon's recall.[29]

In 1688 or early in 1689, Tyrconnell appointed him Muster-Master General in the Irish Army and Lord Lieutenant of County Cork.[38]

On 23 May 1689, James II elevated Justin McCarthy to being Viscount Mountcashel, with the subsidiary title of Baron Castleinch.[39] These titles were in what later became known as the Jacobite peerage.

Later in 1689, Lord Mountcashel, as he was now, took Castlemartyr and Bandon for James;[40] at Bandon there was a massacre called "Bloody Monday", but Mountcashel persuaded the King to issue a general pardon to his defeated opponents. He met James II at his landing at Kinsale, and was commanded to raise seven regiments. He sat in the Irish House of Lords in the Parliament of 1689.

With 3,000 men he advanced from Dublin towards Enniskillen,[41] which with Derry was one of the two places still resisting James II. He was met by 2,000 Protestant 'Inniskilleners' at the Battle of Newtownbutler on 31 July 1689. Mountcashel's forces were routed; he was wounded, then captured.[42] Allowed out on parole he broke parole and escaped to Dublin; Schomberg remarked that he had thought McCarthy was a man of honour, but on the other hand he expected no better from an Irishman.[43]

He went into exile in France and commanded the first Irish Brigade of Louis XIV.

Marriage

He married Lady Arabella Wentworth, daughter of Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford and his second wife Lady Arabella Holles, who was many years older than himself; they had no documented or legally recognized children; however, it is believed his lineage continued.

Death and timeline

His later career was hampered by his near-blindness. He died on 1 July 1694 N.S. at Barèges where he had gone to take the waters for his health and was buried there.[44][45][46] At his death he tried to leave his property to a cousin, but it passed to his niece Catherine, sister of the 4th Earl of Clancarty. Her husband, Paul Davys, had the title Viscount Mount Cashell revived in his own favour.[47]

Timeline
As his birth date is uncertain, so are all his ages.
AgeDateEvent
01643, aboutBorn,[1] probably at Macroom Castle, County Cork, Ireland
5–61649, 15 AugOliver Cromwell landed in Dublin[48]
7–81651, earlyTaken to France by his mother
8–91652, 27 JunFather surrendered Ross Castle.[26]
14–151658, 27 NovFather created 1st Earl of Clancarty[3]
16–171660Parents returned to England and Ireland with the Restoration.
21–221665, 3 Jun O.S.Brother Charles killed at the Battle of Lowestoft, a naval engagement with the Dutch[15]
21–221665, 4 AugFather died in London.[49]
22–231666, 22 SepBrother Charles's son died and his brother Callaghan succeeded as the 3rd Earl.[31][32]
41–421685, 6 FebAccession of King James II, succeeding King Charles II[50]
45–461689, 13 FebAccession of William and Mary, succeeding King James II[51]
45–461689, 23 MayCreated Viscount Mountcashel.[39]
45–461689, 31 JulLost the Battle of Newtownbutler and taken prisoner[42]
50–511694, 21 JulDied at Barèges, France[44]

Notes and references

Notes

  1. This family tree is based on a tree focused on Callaghan, his father and his brothers[10] and on genealogies of the Earls of Clancarty,[11][12] the MacCarthy of Muskerry family,[13] and the Earls of Ormond.[14] Also see the lists of siblings in the text.
  2. (Cokayne 1913) states he died on 22 September 1666, whereas (Burke1866) states that he died in 1668.

Citations

  1. 1 2 Murphy 1959, p. 49. "I have been unable to determine the precise date of his [Justin's] birth: the year 1643 is an approximation arrived at ..."
  2. Murphy 1959, p. 1. "Justin was born about 1643, most probably in Blarney ..."
  3. 1 2 3 Cokayne 1913, p. 215, line 2. "As reward for his services he was by patent dat. at Brussels 27 Nov., 1658, cr. Earl of Clancarty, co. Cork [I. [Ireland]]."
  4. O'Hart 1892, p. 122. "Cormac MacCarty Mor, Prince of Desmond (see the MacCarty Mór Stem, No. 115,) had a second son, Dermod Mór, of Muscry (now Muskerry) who was the ancestor of MacCarthy, lords of Muscry and earls of Clan Carthy."
  5. Lainé 1836, p. 72. "Dermod-Môr, Mac-Carthy, fils puiné de Cormac-Môr, prince de Desmond et d'Honoria Fitz-Maurice, eut en apanage la baronnie de Muskery ..."
  6. Lodge 1789, p. 39, line 33. "Daughter Ellen [Eleanor], married to Donogh, Earl of Clancarthy, and dying in April 1682, AEt. 70, was buried 24 in the Chancel of St. Michan's church."
  7. Cokayne 1895, p. 149, line 27. "He [James Butler] was cr. 30 Aug. 1642 Marquess of Ormonde [I. [Ireland]];"
  8. Debrett 1828, p. 640. "Theobald le Boteler on whom that office [Chief Butler of Ireland] was conferred by King Henry II., 1177 ..."
  9. Ohlmeyer 2004, p. 107, left column. "... Donough MacCarthy had married by 1641 Eleanor (or Ellen; 1612–1682), the eldest daughter of Thomas Butler, Viscount Thurles, and sister of James, later Duke of Ormond."
  10. Butler 1925, p. 255, Note 8The following rough pedigree ...
  11. Burke 1866, p. 344Genealogy of the earls of Clancarty
  12. Cokayne 1913, pp. 214–217Genealogy of the earls of Clancarty
  13. Lainé 1836, pp. 74–78Genealogy of the MacCarthy of Muskerry family
  14. Burke & Burke 1915, pp. 1548–1552Genealogy of the earls of Ormond
  15. 1 2 3 Cokayne 1913, p. 215, line 13. "He d. v.p. being slain on board 'the Royal Charles' in a sea-fight against the Dutch, 3, and was bur. 22 June 1665 in Westm. Abbey."
  16. Cokayne 1913, p. 216, line 6. "Callaghan (MacCarty) Earl of Clancarty etc [I. [Ireland]], uncle and h. [heir], being 2nd s. of the 1st Earl."
  17. Cokayne 1913, p. 233, line 2. "He [William] m. [married] 2ndly Helen, widow of sir John FitzGerald, of Dromana, co. Waterford (who d. 1662), da. of Donough (MacCarty), 1st Earl of Clancarty [I. [Ireland]] by Eleanor ..."
  18. Cokayne 1926, p. 386, line 26. "He [Luke Plunkett] m. [married], before 1666, Margaret, da. [daughter] of Donough (MacCarty) Earl of Clancarty [I. [Ireland]], by Eleanor, sister of James (Butler) 1st Duke of Ormonde, and da. of Thomas Butler, styled Viscount Thurles. ... His widow d. [died] 1 Jan. 1703/4 and was buried in the chapel of Somerset House."
  19. Meehan 1882, p. 136. "At the great gate of Macroom Castle he was received by the Lady Helena Butler, sister to Lord Ormond and wife of Lord Muskerry, who was then in Dublin."
  20. Meehan 1882, p. 196. "... chose a new council composed of four bishops and eight laymen with himself as president."
  21. Carte 1851, p. 266. "... on the 26th [September 1646] by a solemn decree appointed a new council consisting of four bishops and eight laymen ..."
  22. Adams 1904, p. 290. "Upon approach of Lord Broghill with a body of horse, the garrison in the castle set fire to it and joined the main body encamped outside."
  23. Bagwell 1909, p. 223. "... they burned Muskerry's castle at Macroom and assembled in the park. They were raw levies and probably badly armed, for they were routed in a very short time."
  24. Bagwell 1909, p. 223, in the margin. "Battle of Macroom, 10 April 1650"
  25. Clark 1921, p. 8. "... his [Anthony Hamilton's] mother and his aunt, Lady Muskerry, had apartments at the couvent des Feuillantines in Paris ..."
  26. 1 2 Ohlmeyer 2004, p. 107, right column. "he fought on before finally surrendering at Ross Castle (27 June 1652) and fleeing to the continent."
  27. Firth 1894, p. 320, line 10. "Ross in Kerry; where the Lord Muskerry made his principal rendezvous, and which was the only place of strength the Irish had left, except the woods, bogs and mountains ..."
  28. O'Callaghan 1854, p. 32. Portrait
  29. 1 2 Coleman, James (1907). "Justin MacCarthy, Lord Mountcashel". Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society. Second Series. 13: 157.
  30. Cokayne 1913, p. 215, line 6. "He [the 1st Earl] d. in London, 4 Aug. 1665."
  31. 1 2 Cokayne 1913, p. 216, line 4. "... d. [died] an infant, 22 Sep. 1666."
  32. 1 2 Burke 1866, p. 344, right column, line 42. "Charles, 2nd earl, who d. [died] a child, in 1668, and was s. [succeeded] by his uncle Callaghan, 3rd Earl."
  33. Kenyon 1972, p. 103. "... but on November 8 [1678] one of theses officers, Colonel Justin MacCarthy, was found strolling outside the House of Commons, brought in and questioned and sent out of London."
  34. Kenyon 1958, p. 102, line 8. "His mother, a fierce Protestant isolated in a Catholic family ..."
  35. Kenyon 1958, p. 102, line 15. "... on 18 December 1684 Colonel MacCarthy presented himself at Christ Church with a royal letter, countersigned by Sunderland, signifying the king's will and pleasure that the Clancarty should attend the Christmas festivities at White Hall."
  36. Burnet 1833, p. 458, line 25. "Lord Clancarty had an uncle Col. Maccarty, who was in most things, where his religion was not concerned, a man of honour"
  37. Wauchope 2004, p. 111, right column, line 21. "... he was in 1686 made a privy counsellor and promoted to major-general."
  38. Webb 1878, p. 304, left column, line 7. "In 1688 or early in 1689 he was appointed by Tyrconnell Muster-Master General and Lord lieutenant of the County of Cork."
  39. 1 2 Cokayne 1893, p. 390, line 18. "he was cr. [created] 23 May 1689 ... Baron Castleinch and Viscount Mountcashell, both in the co. Tipperary, [I. [Ireland]]."
  40. Webb 1878, p. 304, line 11. "He took Castlemartyr and Bandon from the Protestant party ..."
  41. Harris 1747, p. 282. "In July 1689, a numerous and well-appointed Army was led from Munster under the Conduct of Justin Mac-Carthy ... "
  42. 1 2 Webb (1878), p. 304, left column, line 23. "Viscount Mountcashel was miserably defeated at Newtownbutler on 31st July."
  43. Webb (1878), p. 304, left column, line 38. "I took Lieutenant-MacCarthy to be a man of honour', remarked Schomberg on hearing of his escape 'but would not expect that in an Irishman any more.'"
  44. 1 2 Cokayne 1893, p. 390, line 27. "He d. s.p. [died without issue] 21 July 1694 at the baths at Barèges when all his honours became extinct."
  45. Wauchope 2004, p. 112, right column, line 10. "He died there [at Barèges] on 1 July 1694, and was buried there."
  46. Ruvigny 1904, p. 125. "He died s.p. [without issue] 1st July 1694 at the baths at Barèges ..."
  47. Cokayne 1893, p. 390, line 36. "[Paul Davys was] cr. [created]; 31 Jan. 1705/6 Viscount and Baron Mountcashel, co. Tipperary, [I. [Ireland]]."
  48. Coffey 1914, p. 213. "Cromwell landed in Dublin on August 15th [1649]."
  49. Seccombe 1893, p. 437, left column, line 16. "He [Donough MacCarty] died in London on 5 Aug. 1665."
  50. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 46. "James II. ... acc. 6 Feb. 1685 ..."
  51. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 45, line 11. "William III. ... acc. 13 Feb. 1689 ..."

Sources

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