Establishment

Inspired by the writings of Laurence Gronlund, colony leaders attempted to apply the ideals of scientific socialism. The writings of United States socialist Edward Bellamy also influenced the project. March 9, 1888, the colony was legally established through the Deed of Settlement and Bylaws of Kaweah Colony. This colony based its economy on logging. Membership cost $500 with $100 payable upon application and the remainder in installments of cash or labor. Estimated nationwide membership peaked at 300-500 individuals, many of whom were non-resident supporters. The resident population at its height was around 150.^[1] The colony published the local area's first newspaper, the Kaweah Commonwealth.^[1]

Kaweah Colony was noteworthy for its exploration of giant sequoia groves. The tree now known as the General Sherman tree was originally named the Karl Marx tree by the colonists.^[2][3] The only remaining structure from the group's tenure at Sequoia is the Squatter's Cabin, now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.^[4]

Demise and legacy

The colony ran into legal problems when they attempted to continue operations after the creation of the national park, which was California's first national park and only the third in the United States. A U.S. District Court in Los Angeles court convicted them of illegal logging on April 16, 1891.^[1] In January 1892, the Kaweah Cooperative Colony company was dissolved.^[1] For more than four decades some colonists attempted to gain government compensation for the loss of their logging claims but were not successful.^[5]

Kaweah lives on in name at Twin Oaks Community, a contemporary intentional community of 100 members in Virginia. All Twin Oaks' buildings are named after communities that no longer exist, and "Kaweah" is the name of the largest and most eco-featured residence.

36°28′11″N 118°55′06″W / 36.46972°N 118.91833°W / 36.46972; -118.91833^[6]