Kim Hyong Jik
김형직
Kim in 1921
Born(1894-07-10)10 July 1894
Died5 June 1926(1926-06-05) (aged 31)
SpouseKang Pan-sok
ChildrenKim Il Sung
Kim Chol-ju
Kim Yong Ju
Parent(s)Kim Bo-hyon
Lee Bo-ik
RelativesKim family
Kim Hyong Jik
Chosŏn'gŭl
김형직
Hancha
金亨稷
Revised RomanizationGim Hyeong-jik
McCune–ReischauerKim Hyŏng-jik

Kim Hyong Jik (Korean: 김형직; 10 July 1894 – 5 June 1926) was a Korean independence activist during Japanese rule. He was the father of the North Korean founder Kim Il Sung, the paternal grandfather of Kim Jong Il, and a great-grandfather of the current leader of North Korea, Kim Jong Un.

Biography

Little is known about Kim. Born on 10 July 1894,[2] in the small village of Mangyongdae, situated atop a peak called Mangyungbong (만경봉(萬景峰),"All-Seeing Peak") just 12 kilometers downstream on the Taedong River from Pyongyang, Kim was the son of Kim Bo-hyon (金輔鉉, 1871–1955).[3][4] Kim attended Sungshil School (평양숭실학교), which was run by American missionaries, and became a teacher at the Sunhwa school (순화학교) in Mangyongdae in 1913 and the Christian Myongsin school (명신학교) in Ponghwa-ri, Kangdong County in 1916 and later worked as a herbal pharmacist. According to the North Korean official sources, he died as a result of numerous medical problems, including third-degree frostbite.

Kim and his wife attended Christian churches,[5] and Kim even served as a part-time Protestant missionary.[6] It was reported that his son, Kim Il Sung, attended church services during his teenage years before becoming an atheist later in life.[5]

Kim Il Sung often spoke of his father's idea of chiwŏn (지원(志遠), righteous aspirations).

Kim Jong Il's official government biography states that his grandfather was "the leader of the anti-Japanese national liberation movement and was a pioneer in shifting the direction from the nationalist movement to the communist movement in Korea".[7] Kim Hyong Jik is claimed by North Korea to have convened an important meeting of independence activists in November, 1921 memorialized at the Sansong Revolutionary Site.

Family

  • Father: Kim Bo-hyon (김보현; 3 October 1871 – 2 September 1955)
    • Paternal grandfather: Kim Ung U (김응우; 17 June 1848 – 4 October 1878)
    • Paternal grandmother: Lady Li (이씨)
  • Mother: Li Bo-Ik (이보익; 31 May 1876 – 18 October 1959)
  • Two brothers
    • Kim Hyong Rok (김형록)
    • Kim Hyong-gwon (김형권; 4 November 1905 – 12 January 1936)
  • Three sisters
    • Kim Gu Il (김구일녀)
    • Kim Hyong Sil (김형실)
    • Kim Hyong Bok (김형복)
  • Wife: Kang Pan Suk
    • First son: Kim Il Sung (김일성; 15 April 1912 – 8 July 1994)
    • Second son: Kim Chol-ju (김철주; 12 June 1916 – 14 June 1935)
    • Third son: Kim Yong Ju (김영주; 1920–2021)

References

  1. "김형직선생의 지원의 사상은 영원히 빛날것이라고 나이제리아단체 강조". Uriminzokkiri. 28 March 2016. Archived from the original on 27 May 2018. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  2. Baik Bong, Kim Il Sung, Volume I: From Birth to the Triumphant Return to the Homeland (Dar al-Talia Publishers: Beirut Lebanon, 1973) p. 19.
  3. Hyung-chan Kim (2003). "Kim Jong Il's North Korea and Its Survivability". Korea and World Affairs. Korea: Pʻyŏnghwa Tʻongil Yŏnʼguso. 27: 251. ISSN 0251-3072. OCLC 3860590. One also has to accept the existence of Kim Bo-hyeon (1871–1955), Kim Il-sung's grandfather, who participated in anti-Japanese activities.
  4. Gourevitch, Philip (8 September 2003). "Alone in the dark". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013.
  5. 1 2 "Kim Il Sung killer file". Moreorless : Heroes and killers of the 20th century. Archived from the original on 5 December 2005.
  6. Lankov, Andrei (17 August 2011). "Kim Il-sung: disastrous founder of communist N. Korea". Korea Times. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  7. Kim Jong Il: Short Biography (PDF). Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. p. 2. OCLC 79301411.

Further reading

  • April 15th Writing Staff, Central Committee of Korean Writers' Union. Dawn of a New Age: A Novel. Vol. 1. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. OCLC 154676863.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • The Party History Institute of the C. C. Of the Workers' Party of Korea (1973). Kim Hyong Jik: Indomitable Anti-Japanese Revolutionary Fighter. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. OCLC 252037406.
  • Ponghwa Revolutionary Site. The Korean Preparatory Committee for the 13th WFTYS. 1988. KPEA 2JB070.
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