Khorgos
霍尔果斯市 (Chinese)
قورعاس قالاسى (Kazakh)
قورغاس شەھىرى (Uyghur)
Korgas, Khorgas, Horgos
County-level city
China–Kazakhstan border crossing at Khorgos
China–Kazakhstan border crossing at Khorgos
Khorgos is located in Dzungaria
Khorgos
Khorgos
Location in Xinjiang
Khorgos is located in Xinjiang
Khorgos
Khorgos
Khorgos (Xinjiang)
Khorgos is located in China
Khorgos
Khorgos
Khorgos (China)
Coordinates: 44°12′45″N 80°24′35″E / 44.21250°N 80.40972°E / 44.21250; 80.40972
CountryChina
Autonomous regionXinjiang
Autonomous prefectureIli
Municipal seatQarasu Subdistrict
Area
 • Total1,675 km2 (647 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)[1]
 • Total71,466
 • Density43/km2 (110/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard Time[lower-alpha 1])
Websitewww.xjhegs.gov.cn
Khorgos
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese霍尔果斯市
Traditional Chinese霍爾果斯市
Uyghur name
Uyghurقورغاس شەھىرى‎
Russian name
RussianХоргос
RomanizationKhorgos
Kazakh name
Kazakhقالاسى قورعاس
Қорғас қаласы
Qorğas qalası

Khorgos (from Russian: Хоргос), officially known as Korgas[2] (from Kazakh: قورعاس), is a county-level city in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China. It straddles the country's border with Kazakhstan;[3] on the Kazakh side of the border is a city also named Horgos in Russian and Korgas in Kazakh.

As of 2019, the Khorgos area was a hub of the New Eurasian Land Bridge, 200 km from the Alataw Pass, the historically important Dzungarian Gate, with a cross-border visa-free special economic zone for trade and shopping (ICBC), a dry port for transporting goods and two new cities, one on either side of the border.[4]

History

In 1851, the Russian Empire signed an agreement with Qing China to have Khorgos and Tacheng opened as port of entries along the Qing-Russian border.[5]

In 1977, the 61st Regiment Farm fire in Khorgos killed 694 and injured 161.[6][7] It is one of the worst human-made disasters in China by death toll.

Transportation

The Jinghe–Yining–Khorgos railway was completed in late 2009 and as of 2012 provides train service from Ürümqi and Yining to Khorgos.[8]

Passenger trains from Ürümqi started on July 1, 2010; however, they initially only ran to Yining and not all the way to Khorgos.[9][10] In December 2013, one of the daily Ürümqi-Yining passenger trains was extended to Khorgos. The travel time from Khorgos to Yining then was just over an hour.[11]

In December 2011, a 293-kilometre (182 mi) railway from the Khorgos border crossing to Zhetygen terminal (near Almaty) was completed; on December 2, 2012, the tracks from the Chinese and Kazakhstan sides of the borders were connected.[12] For some months, the railway on the Kazakh side was still operating in a test mode.[13] The railway border crossing (port of entry) at Khorgos became operational in the late 2012;[14]) the first regular trains from the two countries crossed the border on December 22, 2012.[12] Thus, Khorgos, an international dry port, connects land-locked Kazakhstan to the sea port of Lianyungang in China.[15]

The railway border crossing is expected to handle up to 15 million tons of freight per year initially, the volume rising to 30 million tons per year in the long run,[12] opening up the second Europe-China rail link via Kazakhstan.[16]

Khorgos is a major break of gauge interchange. 41-ton gantry cranes are used to move shipping containers between standard gauge Chinese trains and Russian gauge Kazakh trains,[17] connecting to Altynkol railway station on a spur line of Kazakhstan Temir Zholy.

In June 2017, the Ürümqi Railway Bureau of the China Railway started daily passenger service from Ürümqi to Astana via Khorgos.[18]

Economy

In 2017, Boshihao Electronics, a robot manufacturing company, moved production from Shenzhen to Khorgos.[19]

Climate

Climate data for Korgas (1991–2020 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −0.9
(30.4)		 2.0
(35.6)		 11.1
(52.0)		 20.3
(68.5)		 25.4
(77.7)		 29.4
(84.9)		 31.3
(88.3)		 30.6
(87.1)		 25.9
(78.6)		 18.0
(64.4)		 8.5
(47.3)		 1.3
(34.3)		 16.9
(62.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −5.8
(21.6)		 −2.8
(27.0)		 5.6
(42.1)		 13.6
(56.5)		 18.6
(65.5)		 22.7
(72.9)		 24.6
(76.3)		 23.8
(74.8)		 19.0
(66.2)		 11.6
(52.9)		 3.4
(38.1)		 −3.2
(26.2)		 10.9
(51.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −9.5
(14.9)		 −6.5
(20.3)		 1.1
(34.0)		 8.3
(46.9)		 12.9
(55.2)		 17.1
(62.8)		 19.0
(66.2)		 17.9
(64.2)		 13.2
(55.8)		 6.6
(43.9)		 −0.2
(31.6)		 −6.7
(19.9)		 6.1
(43.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 19.4
(0.76)		 19.2
(0.76)		 17.2
(0.68)		 28.3
(1.11)		 24.8
(0.98)		 33.7
(1.33)		 26.5
(1.04)		 17.3
(0.68)		 11.9
(0.47)		 20.7
(0.81)		 26.9
(1.06)		 20.9
(0.82)		 266.8
(10.5)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 8.6 8.1 6.5 7.0 7.8 8.6 8.2 5.8 4.2 5.2 7.2 8.8 86
Average snowy days 9.9 9.5 3.9 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8 5.1 10.1 40.3
Average relative humidity (%) 69 69 59 49 46 47 46 43 43 52 65 71 55
Mean monthly sunshine hours 160.8 175.6 234.7 266.9 319.8 325.1 344.1 329.5 285.7 240.3 161.1 144.4 2,988
Percent possible sunshine 55 58 62 65 69 70 74 78 78 72 57 53 66
Source: China Meteorological Administration[20][21]

Administrative divisions

Khorgos is divided into 4 subdistricts, 1 ethnic township, and 2 township-equivalent regions.

Name Simplified Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Uyghur (UEY) Uyghur Latin (ULY) Kazakh (Arabic script) Kazakh (Cyrillic script) Administrative division code Notes
Subdistricts
Qarasu Subdistrict 卡拉苏街道 Kǎlāsū Jiēdào قاراسۇ كوچا باشقارمىسى qarasu kocha bashqarmisi قاراسۋ كوشە باسقارماسى 654004001
Ya-Ou East Road Subdistrict 亚欧东路街道 Yà'ōudōnglù Jiēdào ەۆرو-ازيا شىعىس جولى كوشە باسقارماسى 654004002
Ya-Ou West Road Subdistrict 亚欧西路街道 Yà'ōuxīlù Jiēdào ەۆرو-ازيا باتىس جولى كوشە باسقارماسى 654004003
Industrial Park Subdistrict 工业园区街道 Gōngyèyuánqū Jiēdào سانائەت رايونى كوچا باشقارمىسى sana'et rayoni kocha bashqarmisi 654004004
Ethnic township
Ichëgashen Township
(Ichëgashen Sibe Ethnic Township)		 伊车嘎善乡
(伊车嘎善锡伯族乡)		 Yīchēgāshàn Xiāng
(Yīchēgāshàn Xíbózú Xiāng)		 ئىچېگاشەن شىبە يېزىسى Ichëgashen shibe yëzisi يچىگاشان سىبە اۋىلى 654004200 (Xibe)
ᡞᠴᡝ ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ ᠰᡞᠪᡝ ᡤᡡᠰᠠ
ice gašan sibe gūsa

Others:

  • 61st Regiment Farm (六十一团)
  • 62nd Regiment Farm (六十二团)

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe UTC+6 (Xinjiang Time), two hours behind Beijing.

References

  1. ↑ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
  2. ↑ The official spelling according to Zhōngguó dìmínglù, 中国地名录 (Beijing, SinoMaps Press 中国地图出版社 1997); ISBN 7-5031-1718-4
  3. ↑ Reid Standish (1 October 2019). "China's Path Forward Is Getting Bumpy". theatlantic.com. 2nd paragraph of article: The Atlantic. Retrieved 17 March 2020. Straddling the Kazakh-Chinese border, a collection of cranes, railways, and buildings rises out of a barren stretch of desert surrounded by towering mountains to form the backbone of the Khorgos Gateway{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  4. ↑ "Khorgos and Zharkent travel guide". Caravanistan. Retrieved 2019-08-19.
  5. ↑ "霍尔果斯口岸国门". 伊犁哈萨克自治州人民政府. 2009-11-12. Archived from the original on 2021-09-12. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
  6. ↑ 西夫 (1995). "694条生命化为灰烬——一场没有公开报道的特大火灾". 新世纪 (4). Archived from the original on 2023-01-04. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  7. ↑ "一九七七年 六十一团那场大火" [The great fire to the 61st Regiment in 1977]. 伊犁晚报. 2018-03-28 [2007-02-26]. p. B06. Archived from the original on 2023-01-04 – via 老知青家园.
  8. ↑ "Xingjiang's first electrified railway rails laid". People's Daily Online. 2009-09-17. Retrieved 2012-03-13.
  9. ↑ Zhaoqian, ed. (2010-06-22). "Tickets of train from Urumqi to Yining put on sale". Tianshannet. Archived from the original on 2012-02-29. Retrieved 2012-03-13.
  10. ↑ "Xinjiang's first electrified railway passenger train". China Central Television. 2010-07-07. Retrieved 2012-03-13.
  11. ↑ 霍尔果斯往乌鲁木齐方向首趟客运列车正式开通 (The first Korgas-Ürümqi passenger train started regular operations), 2013-12-26
  12. 1 2 3 写在中国霍尔果斯至哈萨克斯坦阿腾科里铁路通车运营之际, 2012-12-23
  13. ↑ Хоргос-Жетыген: уже летом первые поезда соединят Китай с Европой (Already this summer first trains will connect China with Europe), 2012-03-16 (in Russian)
  14. ↑ 新疆霍尔果斯火车站获批成立 年底有望通车 Archived 2013-07-29 at the Wayback Machine, 中国新闻网, 2012-11-23
  15. ↑ Vakulchuk, Roman and Indra Overland (2019) “China’s Belt and Road Initiative through the Lens of Central Asia”, in Fanny M. Cheung and Ying-yi Hong (eds) Regional Connection under the Belt and Road Initiative. The Prospects for Economic and Financial Cooperation. London: Routledge, pp. 119.
  16. ↑ Revival of the Silk Road
  17. ↑ Shepard, Wade (2017-02-20), "Khorgos: The New Silk Road's Central Station Comes To Life", Forbes
  18. ↑ 今夏可坐火车去哈萨克斯坦游玩 (This summer, one can visit Kazakhstan by train)
  19. ↑ Shepard, Wade. "Horgos: The First New City Of The New Silk Road Emerges As A Robot Manufacturing Hub". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  20. ↑ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  21. ↑ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  22. ↑ Victory of Khorgos
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