The Right Honourable
Kwasi Kwarteng
MP
Official portrait, 2022
Chancellor of the Exchequer
In office
6 September 2022 – 14 October 2022
Prime MinisterLiz Truss
Preceded byNadhim Zahawi
Succeeded byJeremy Hunt
Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
In office
8 January 2021 – 6 September 2022
Prime MinisterBoris Johnson
Preceded byAlok Sharma
Succeeded byJacob Rees-Mogg
Junior ministerial offices
2018–2021
Minister of State for Business, Energy and Clean Growth
In office
24 July 2019 – 8 January 2021
Prime MinisterBoris Johnson
Preceded byClaire Perry[lower-alpha 1]
Succeeded byAnne-Marie Trevelyan
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union
In office
16 November 2018 – 24 July 2019
Prime MinisterTheresa May
Preceded bySuella Braverman
Succeeded byOffice abolished
Member of Parliament
for Spelthorne
Assumed office
6 May 2010
Preceded byDavid Wilshire
Majority18,393 (37.2%)
Personal details
Born
Akwasi Addo Alfred Kwarteng

(1975-05-26) 26 May 1975
London, England
Political partyConservative
Spouse
Harriet Edwards
​
(m. 2019)​
Children1
EducationEton College
Alma materTrinity College, Cambridge (BA, PhD)
Signature
WebsiteCampaign website
Academic background
ThesisThe political thought of the recoinage crisis of 1695–7 (2000)

Akwasi Addo Alfred Kwarteng (born 26 May 1975)[3][4] is a British politician who served as the Chancellor of the Exchequer from 6 September to 14 October 2022 under Liz Truss and the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy from 2021 to 2022 under Boris Johnson. A member of the Conservative Party, he has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Spelthorne since 2010.

Kwarteng was born in London to Ghanaian immigrant parents and was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge. He worked as a columnist for The Daily Telegraph and as a financial analyst before standing for election to the House of Commons. As a backbencher, Kwarteng has co-authored a number of papers and books, including After the Coalition (2011) and Britannia Unchained (2012).

In November 2018, Kwarteng was appointed parliamentary under-secretary of state for Exiting the European Union by Theresa May. After May resigned in 2019, Kwarteng supported Boris Johnson's bid to become leader of the Conservative Party. Following Johnson's appointment as prime minister, he appointed Kwarteng as the minister of state for Business, Energy and Clean Growth. In January 2021, Kwarteng was promoted to the office of secretary of state for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, a role he retained throughout the remainder of Johnson's premiership.

After Johnson resigned in 2022, Kwarteng supported Truss's bid to become Conservative leader. Following Truss's appointment as prime minister, she appointed Kwarteng as Chancellor of the Exchequer. He was the first black chancellor.[5] On 23 September, Kwarteng announced various tax cuts in a mini-budget that was widely criticised and which briefly caused the pound sterling to fall to its lowest-ever level against the U.S. dollar. Kwarteng was dismissed as chancellor on 14 October after 38 days, making him the second-shortest-serving holder of the office. He was succeeded by Jeremy Hunt, who was retained by Rishi Sunak following Truss's resignation on 25 October.

Early life and education

Akwasi Addo Alfred Kwarteng was born in the London Borough of Waltham Forest on 26 May 1975,[6] the only child[7] of Alfred K. Kwarteng and Charlotte Boaitey-Kwarteng, who had both emigrated from Ghana as students in the 1960s.[8][9] His mother is a barrister[10] and his father an economist in the Commonwealth Secretariat.[9][11]

After starting school at a state primary school in Waltham Forest,[12] Kwarteng attended Colet Court, an independent preparatory school in London, where he won the Harrow History Prize in 1988.[13] Kwarteng then went to Eton College, where he was a King's Scholar and was awarded the Newcastle Scholarship prize.[12] He read classics and history at Trinity College, Cambridge, matriculating in 1993. He achieved a double first class degree,[14][15][12] and twice won the Browne Medal.[16] He was a member of the team which won the BBC quiz show University Challenge in 1995.[9][17] At Cambridge, he was a member of the University Pitt Club, and has since returned to visit.[18] He was a Kennedy Scholar for a year at Harvard University,[12][19] and then earned a PhD degree in economic history from the University of Cambridge in 2000, with a thesis on the recoinage crisis of 1695–97.[20]

Early career

Before becoming an MP, Kwarteng worked as a columnist for The Daily Telegraph and as a financial analyst at JPMorgan Chase as well as at WestLB and the hedge fund Odey Asset Management.[21][6][22] He wrote a book, Ghosts of Empire, about the legacy of the British Empire, published by Bloomsbury in 2011.[9] He also co-authored Gridlock Nation with Jonathan Dupont in 2011, about the causes of and solutions to traffic congestion in Britain.[23]

Early political career

Considered "a rising star on the right of the party" by 2015,[24] Kwarteng initially became a Conservative candidate in the constituency of Brent East at the 2005 general election. He finished in third place, behind the incumbent Liberal Democrat MP Sarah Teather and the Labour candidate Yasmin Qureshi. [25] Kwarteng was chairman of the conservative think tank Bow Group in 2006.[26] In the same year, The Times suggested that he could become the first black Conservative cabinet minister.[27] He was sixth on the Conservative list of candidates for the London Assembly in the 2008 London Assembly election, but was not elected, as the Conservatives obtained only three London-wide list seats.[28][14]

Parliamentary career

2010 election and tenure

Kwarteng at a Policy Exchange event in 2012

Kwarteng was selected as the Conservative candidate for Spelthorne in January 2010,[29] and won the seat with a majority of 10,019 votes (21.2%).[30] Kwarteng did not vote on the backbench EU Referendum Bill in October 2011.[31] In 2013 he described the Help to Buy housing scheme as "inflationary".[32]

In March 2011 he registered that he would be paid "£10,000 on a half-yearly basis" for work as "Consultant to Odey Asset Management" in the House of Commons Register of Members' Financial Interests. Only one payment appears to have been made.[33]

In 2014, his book, War and Gold: A Five-Hundred-Year History of Empires, Adventures and Debt, was published. It is a history of capital and the enduring ability of money, when combined with speculation, to ruin societies.[34] In 2015, his next book, Thatcher's Trial: Six Months That Defined a Leader, was published.[35]

Kwarteng was re-elected at the 2015 general election with an increased majority of 14,152 votes.[36] Kwarteng backed the UK's withdrawal from the European Union in the 2016 referendum.[37]

Early ministerial career (2017–2019)

Following the 2017 general election, Kwarteng was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary to Chancellor of the Exchequer Philip Hammond.[38] On 16 November 2018, Kwarteng replaced Suella Braverman as a minister in the Department for Exiting the EU.[39]

Kwarteng supported Boris Johnson in the 2019 Conservative Party leadership election.[40] After Johnson's appointment as Prime Minister, Kwarteng was appointed Minister of State at the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy on 25 July 2019 along with Jo Johnson, a brother of the Prime Minister.[41] He was appointed to the Privy Council on the same day.[42]

In September 2019, Kwarteng stated on The Andrew Neil Show: "I'm not saying this, but, many people are saying that the judges are biased",[43] after the Court of Session ruled that Johnson's prorogation of parliament was illegal. Kwarteng added: "The extent to which lawyers and judges are interfering in politics is something that concerns many people." Defence Secretary Ben Wallace and the then Housing Secretary Robert Jenrick distanced themselves from his comments and defended the judiciary. Opposition MPs, the chair of the Bar Council, and the chair of the Law Society of England and Wales criticised his comments.[43][44]

Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2021–2022)

Kwarteng as Business Secretary, on 11 January 2021

On 8 January 2021, as part of a mini-reshuffle, he replaced Alok Sharma as Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy.[45] He committed the department to cutting global emissions to stop climate change.[46]

Dissolving ISC

In March 2021, he was criticised for dissolving the Industrial Strategy Council, the advisory body seeking to regenerate Britain's regions.[47] In the days after the COP26 climate summit, Kwarteng met oil industry bosses to encourage them to continue drilling in the North Sea.[48]

In January 2022, while on a trip to Saudi Arabia, Kwarteng accepted flights and hospitality from Saudi Aramco, the majority state-owned energy firm. Kwarteng was also gifted a £300 Lenovo tablet. The BEIS department transparency data revealed that Kwarteng travelled to Saudi Arabia on a commercial flight costing the taxpayer £4,430. He also visited Aramco's Shaybah oil field with the Saudi energy minister, although this was not logged in BEIS transparency records. Opposition politicians criticised Kwarteng for accepting the Saudi state's hospitality, particularly in light of their human rights record, and raised concerns over whether he broke the ministerial code.[49]

2021 gas crisis

Kwarteng's official Cabinet portrait, September 2022

From August 2021, high European wholesale natural gas prices caused some smaller domestic suppliers in the United Kingdom to go out of business. In September 2021, the fuel supply crisis caused serious disruption to the supply of road fuel.[50] Kwarteng said that "There is no question of the lights going out, of people being unable to heat their homes. There will be no three-day working week, or a throwback to the 1970s."[51] He also said that the government would not rescue failed companies.[52] Ed Miliband, Labour's shadow business secretary, accused Kwarteng of being complacent.[53]

Role in the Owen Paterson scandal

Kwarteng was an outspoken supporter of Owen Paterson, who had been found by the Commons Select Committee on Standards to have committed "an egregious case of paid advocacy".[54][55] In reaction to this ruling, Kwarteng called for the independent Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards, Kathryn Stone, to "consider her position". The government later withdrew its support for Paterson, who resigned as an MP. The opposition called for an investigation into Kwarteng, claiming he may have breached the ministerial code.[56]

On 15 November 2021, Kwarteng published a letter of apology to Stone, in which he said he "did not mean to express doubt about your ability to discharge your role" and apologised for "any upset or distress my choice of words may have caused".[57]

Chancellor of the Exchequer

Kwarteng's official chancellorship portrait

After Johnson resigned in 2022, Kwarteng supported Liz Truss's bid to become Conservative leader. Following Truss's appointment as Prime Minister, she appointed Kwarteng as Chancellor of the Exchequer. He was the first black Chancellor.[5] On 23 September 2022, he announced a set of economic policies named "The Growth Plan 2022" in what the Treasury described as a "fiscal event"; this was dubbed a "mini-budget" by the media. He refused to allow the Office for Budget Responsibility to assess the economic impact of the budget and provide a forecast.[58][59]

Among the policies announced by Kwarteng was a cut in the basic rate of income tax from 20% to 19% to start in April 2023, the abolition of the 45% higher rate of income tax in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, the lifting of the stamp duty threshold, the freezing of energy bills, the reversal of the increase in National Insurance from April 2022, the abolition of the proposed Health and Social Care Levy, and the scrapping of the limit on bankers' bonuses.[60][61][62]

The Institute for Fiscal Studies director Paul Johnson called the plan "the biggest package of tax cuts in 50 years" and said that it "seems to be to borrow large sums at increasingly expensive rates, put government debt on an unsustainable rising path, and hope that we get better growth".[63][64] The following week, sterling fell to its lowest-ever level against the US dollar,[65] and turmoil in government bond prices led the Bank of England to launch an emergency bond buying programme. This caused house mortgage lenders to withdraw over 40% of their products, with other products repriced upwards.[66][67] The International Monetary Fund cautioned that the measures would increase inequality.[68]

Following criticism from several Conservative MPs, including Michael Gove and Grant Shapps, Kwarteng said on 3 October 2022 that the government would not pursue the plan to abolish the 45% higher rate of income tax paid by people earning over £150,000 a year.[69] Kwarteng said the plan had become a "distraction from our overriding mission to tackle the challenges facing the country".[70] He acknowledged in an interview that there was "some turbulence" after his mini-budget but said it was a "very dicey situation globally", and when questioned on 13 October whether he would remain as chancellor, Kwarteng said he was "not going anywhere".[71]

Dismissal

Kwarteng was dismissed as Chancellor on 14 October after only 38 days in post. This made him the second shortest-serving Chancellor after Iain Macleod, who died a month after taking office. Kwarteng was succeeded by Jeremy Hunt.[72][73]

Following Truss's resignation and Rishi Sunak's appointment as Prime Minister, Kwarteng said in a November 2022 interview that he warned Truss that she was "going too fast" with her ill-fated economic plans. Kwarteng stated he had urged her to "slow down" after the mini-budget. He maintained he told Truss it was "mad" to sack him, and if she did she would last just "three or four weeks [...] Little did I know it was only going to be six days."[74][75][76] In December 2022 Kwarteng said he regretted having been "too impatient" over the mini-budget, and that there was "no tactical subtlety whatsoever. [...] People got carried away, myself included."[77] Kwarteng maintains he and Truss were too rushed to consider economic and political results from their policies. Kwarteng maintains Truss and her team lost perspective over the budget and its political or financial results.[78]

Kwarteng received a severance payment from The Treasury of £16,876 following his resignation.

Political views

Kwarteng in 2014

Kwarteng is considered a member of the right wing of the Conservative Party,[79] and is a member of the Free Enterprise Group.

Racial issues and colonialism

Kwarteng's views on colonialism have been described by a PoliticsHome writer as "nuanced", stating that modern representation on historical events must be taken within historical context, "I think people should look at history with a bit more humility, and a little bit more critical inquiry. It's very difficult not to have lots of preconceptions and lots of strongly held beliefs."[80]

When asked about his thoughts on removal of British Empire-era statues and monuments, including that of slave trader Edward Colston, Kwarteng called these "acts of vandalism". In an interview, Kwarteng stated many supporters of the Black Lives Matter movement and critics of British imperialism have a "cartoon-like view" of the past, arguing for a greater understanding of the complexities of British history.[81] Reactions to his stances on racial and colonialism issues have ranged from support to opposition. On 26 September 2022, Labour Party MP Rupa Huq was suspended after calling Kwarteng "superficially black" in response to his comments.[82]

Economic issues

In August 2012, Kwarteng co-authored a book with four fellow Conservative MPs including Liz Truss, titled Britannia Unchained.[83] The book argues for a radical shrinking of the welfare state in order "to return it to the contributory principle envisioned by its founder Sir William Beveridge – that you get benefits in return for contributions".[24]

Personal life

Kwarteng is described by friends as an "intensely private" person.[7] He was previously in a relationship with former Conservative Home Secretary Amber Rudd.[84] He married the City solicitor Harriet Edwards in December 2019.[6] Their daughter was born in 2021.[85] He has lived in Bayswater, and in January 2022 purchased a house in Greenwich.[7] He is a member of the Garrick Club.[86]

Publications

  • Kwarteng, Kwasi (2011). Ghosts of empire: Britain's legacies in the modern world. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-4088-2290-6. OCLC 904756788.
  • Kwarteng, Kwasi (2011). After the Coalition. Priti Patel, Dominic Raab, Chris Skidmore and Elizabeth Truss. London: Biteback. ISBN 978-1-84954-212-8. OCLC 771875676.
  • Kwarteng, Kwasi (2011). Gridlock nation: why Britain's transport systems are heading towards gridlock and what we can do to stop it. Jonathan Dupont. London: Biteback. ISBN 978-1-84954-112-1. OCLC 751663991.
  • Kwasi Kwarteng; Priti Patel; Dominic Raab; Chris Skidmore; Liz Truss (2012). Britannia Unchained: Global Lessons for Growth and Prosperity. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-03223-2. OCLC 809314985.
  • Kwarteng, Kwasi (2014). War and gold: a five-hundred-year history of empires, adventures and debt. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-4088-4815-9. OCLC 872709558.
  • Kwarteng, Kwasi (2015). Thatcher's trial: six months that defined a leader. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-4088-5917-9. OCLC 919896895.

Notes

  1. ↑ Perry went on leave of absence from 20 May 2019 with Chris Skidmore taking over in the interim until he was replaced by Kwarteng when Boris Johnson became Prime Minister in July 2019.[1][2]

References

  1. ↑ "Energy Minister Claire Perry takes leave of absence". Energy Live News. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  2. ↑ https://www.gov.uk/government/people/chris-skidmore
  3. ↑ "No. 59418". The London Gazette. 13 May 2010. p. 8745.
  4. ↑ "Kwasi Kwarteng MP". BBC Democracy Live. BBC News. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2010.
  5. 1 2 Casalicchio, Emilio (6 September 2022). "Britain has its first Black chancellor — but don't make a thing of it". Politico.
  6. 1 2 3 Collingridge, John (16 January 2021). "Challenging brief for cabinet new boy Kwasi Kwarteng". The Sunday Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  7. 1 2 3 Ellery, Ben (26 August 2022). "Kwasi Kwarteng: The 'amiable geek' set to be UK's next chancellor". The Times. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  8. ↑ "Tories adopt 'black Boris' as candidate" Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Staines News, 25 January 2010.
  9. 1 2 3 4 "Biography". Kwart2010.com. Archived from the original on 10 May 2010. Archived at archive.org 10 July 2010.
  10. ↑ "'2 out of 12 at 100' – Marking 100 years of Women in Law". Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  11. ↑ Katwala, Sunder (31 July 2011). "Kwasi Kwarteng: The rising star of politics and letters". The Observer. Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Neate, Rupert (11 October 2021). "Kwasi Kwarteng: the business secretary bringing spark to the energy crisis". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  13. ↑ Kinchen, Rosie (4 May 2014). "Kwasi Kwarteng: Big brain, big mouth, big Tory future on hold". The Sunday Times. ISSN 0956-1382. Archived from the original on 2 October 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  14. 1 2 Scott, Jennifer (7 September 2022). "Who is Kwasi Kwarteng? The new chancellor who has been unafraid of upsetting his party". Sky News. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  15. ↑ Annual Record 2021 Archived 5 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine – website of Trinity College, Cambridge
  16. ↑ Lambert, Harry (22 September 2022). "Will Kwasi Kwarteng's great gamble pay off?". New Statesman. Archived from the original on 23 September 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  17. ↑ "Trinity on University Challenge". Sean Blanchflower. Archived from the original on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2010.
  18. ↑ Bland, Archie (4 September 2020). "Elite Cambridge club asks members for £50,000 to keep it open". The Guardian. ISSN 0956-1382. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  19. ↑ "Full List of Kennedy Scholars". Kennedy Memorial Trust. Archived from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
  20. ↑ Kwarteng, Kwasi Alfred Addo. Political thought of the recoinage crisis of 1695–7. cam.ac.uk (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. OCLC 894597679. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.621890. Archived from the original on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2018. Free access icon
  21. ↑ Pickard, Jim (19 January 2021). "Kwasi Kwarteng, the free marketeer learning benefits of state action". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
  22. ↑ "Kwasi Kwarteng: free marketeer and Truss's ideological soulmate becomes chancellor". The Guardian. 6 September 2022. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  23. ↑ Poole, Steven (7 October 2011). "Et cetera: Steven Poole's non-fiction choice – reviews". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
  24. 1 2 "Turn benefits into repayable loan, says Tory group". BBC News. 11 June 2015. Archived from the original on 28 August 2015. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  25. ↑ "Election results for Brent East". Brent Council. 5 May 2005. Archived from the original on 23 September 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  26. ↑ "Kwasi Kwarteng, Conservative MP and author". The Guardian. 2 February 2012. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  27. ↑ "Power couple behind the new Tory throne". The Times. 26 March 2006. Archived from the original on 27 July 2008.
  28. ↑ "Results 2008". London Elects. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  29. ↑ "Kwasi Kwarteng wins Spelthorne open primary". Surrey Live. 23 January 2010. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  30. ↑ "Spelthorne". BBC News. Archived from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  31. ↑ Evans, Lisa (26 October 2011). "Naming the MPs who voted for an EU referendum". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  32. ↑ Jowit, Juliette (22 March 2013). "Government's new housing policy 'can help wealthy buy second homes'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 January 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  33. ↑ "Private Eye did not say Kwasi Kwarteng was paid £20,000 a month by a hedge fund". Full Fact. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
  34. ↑ Sattin, Anthony (12 May 2014). "War and Gold: A Five-Hundred-Year History of Empires, Adventures and Debt review – a comprehensive study of money and society". The Observer. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  35. ↑ Webster, Philip (26 September 2015). "Thatcher's Trial: Six Months That Defined a Leader by Kwasi Kwarteng". The Times. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  36. ↑ "Spelthorne (Constituency) 2015 results". UK Parliament. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  37. ↑ Reid, Stuart (10 July 2016). "A Brexiteer's Celebration – a conversation with Kwasi Kwarteng". Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  38. ↑ "Parliamentary Private Secretaries: full list". ConservativeHome. 28 June 2017. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  39. ↑ "Stephen Barclay named new Brexit Secretary". BBC News. 16 November 2018. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
  40. ↑ Payne, Sebastian; Tilford, Cale; Kao, Joanna; Stabe, Martin (20 June 2019). "UK's next prime minister — who are the lead candidates?". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 19 September 2019.
  41. ↑ Stewart, Heather; Mason, Rowena; Elgot, Jessica; Walker, Peter (25 July 2019). "Who's who in Boris Johnson's first cabinet". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  42. ↑ "Orders Approved and Business Transacted at the Privy Council Held by the Queen at Buckingham Palace on 25th July 2019" (PDF). Privy Council Office. 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 July 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
  43. 1 2 "Kwasi Kwarteng criticised for 'biased judges' comment". BBC News. 12 September 2019. Archived from the original on 12 September 2019. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  44. ↑ Mohdin, Aamna (12 September 2019). "Brexit: Kwasi Kwarteng criticised for 'biased judges' comment". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  45. ↑ "Alok Sharma becomes full-time COP26 president and Kwasi Kwarteng is appointed as Secretary of State for Business". GOV.UK (Press release). 8 January 2021. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  46. ↑ Watts, Rob (20 April 2021). "UK commits to 'world's most ambitious target' for emissions cuts". Upstream Online. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  47. ↑ Inman, Phillip (4 March 2021). "UK business leaders condemn 'sad and bad' axing of industrial strategy panel". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
  48. ↑ Gosden, Emily (3 January 2022). "Kwasi Kwarteng courted oil bosses after Cop26". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  49. ↑ "Business Secretary Kwasi Kwarteng travelled around Saudi Arabia on flights paid by energy giant Aramco". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 18 July 2022.
  50. ↑ Morris, Sophie (29 September 2021). "Fuel crisis: Business Secretary Kwasi Kwarteng 'not guaranteeing anything' over impact on Christmas". Sky News. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  51. ↑ "Where does the UK get its gas and is it facing a shortage this winter?". BBC News. 21 September 2021. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  52. ↑ Staunton, Denis (20 September 2021). "UK gas supply issues will not see 'lights going out', business secretary Kwarteng says". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  53. ↑ Ambrose, Jillian (23 September 2021). "Kwasi Kwarteng vetoes subsidies for gas supply giants to take on rivals' clients". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  54. ↑ "UK lawmaker should be suspended over 'egregious' paid lobbying – watchdog". Reuters. 26 October 2021. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  55. ↑ "Committee on Standards publish report on the conduct of Rt Hon Owen Paterson MP". UK Parliament. 26 October 2021. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  56. ↑ Morris, Sophie (4 November 2021). "Owen Paterson resignation: Labour call for investigation into Kwasi Kwarteng's comments to Sky News about standards watchdog". Sky News. Archived from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  57. ↑ "Minister Kwasi Kwarteng sorry for upset caused by Standards Commissioner remarks". BBC News. 15 November 2021. Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  58. ↑ Mason, Rowena; Inman, Phillip (20 September 2022). "Kwasi Kwarteng refuses to let OBR release forecasts with mini-budget". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  59. ↑ The Growth Plan 2022 (PDF). HM Treasury. September 2022. ISBN 978-1-5286-3688-9. CP 743. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022 – via gov.uk.
  60. ↑ "At a glance: What's in the mini-budget?". BBC News. 23 September 2022. Archived from the original on 23 September 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  61. ↑ Partington, Richard; Allegretti, Aubrey (23 September 2022). "Kwasi Kwarteng's mini-budget: key points at a glance". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 September 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  62. ↑ Sillars, James (23 September 2022). "Mini-budget: The key announcements from the chancellor at a glance". Sky News. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  63. ↑ "Mini-Budget response". Institute for Fiscal Studies. 23 September 2022. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  64. ↑ Strauss, Delphine (23 September 2022). "High earners reap the rewards as Kwarteng ditches redistribution". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  65. ↑ Sillars, James (26 September 2022). "Pound sank to record low against the dollar and UK economy predicted to flatline next year – as PM and chancellor defend mini-budget". Sky News. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
  66. ↑ Bruce, Andy; Milliken, David; Cruise, Sinead (28 September 2022). "Bank of England moves to calm bond market rout after tax cut storm". Reuters. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  67. ↑ Inman, Phillip (29 September 2022). "More than 40% of mortgages withdrawn as market reels after mini-budget". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  68. ↑ "IMF warns UK against mini-budget that will 'likely increase inequality'". Sky News. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  69. ↑ "Kwasi Kwarteng U-turns on plans to scrap 45p tax rate". BBC News. 3 October 2022. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  70. ↑ "Chancellor defends income tax cut U-turn". BBC News. 3 October 2022. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  71. ↑ "Kwasi Kwarteng: I am not going anywhere". BBC News. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  72. ↑ Walker, Peter (14 October 2022). "Liz Truss appoints Jeremy Hunt as chancellor after sacking Kwarteng". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  73. ↑ Walker, Peter (14 October 2022). "Kwasi Kwarteng was logical choice as chancellor but hubris was his downfall". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  74. ↑ "I told Liz Truss she was going too fast, says Kwasi Kwarteng". BBC News. 10 November 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  75. ↑ "Kwasi Kwarteng 'I told Liz Truss we should slow down after mini-budget'". Sky News. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  76. ↑ Tom Newton Dunn; Oliver Wright. "Kwasi Kwarteng: I warned Liz Truss over her radical reforms". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  77. ↑ Kwasi Kwarteng says he got carried away as chancellor BBC
  78. ↑ Liz Truss and I 'got carried away' writing mini-budget, admits Kwasi Kwarteng The Guardian
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  81. ↑ Devlin, Kate (29 January 2021). "Business secretary says much of debate around Black Lives Matter has 'kind of cartoon-like view' of past". The Independent. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  82. ↑ Allegretti, Aubrey (27 September 2022). "Rupa Huq apologises to Kwasi Kwarteng for 'ill-judged' comments". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
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