| Eleanor of Aragon | |
|---|---|
.png.webp) Queen Leonor in Genealogia dos Reis de Portugal (António de Holanda; 1530-1534) | |
| Queen consort of Portugal | |
| Tenure | 14 August 1433 – 9 September 1438 |
| Coronation | 15 August 1433 |
| Born | 2 May 1402 Medina del Campo |
| Died | 19 February 1445 (aged 42) Toledo |
| Burial | |
| Spouse | |
| Issue | |
| House | Trastámara |
| Father | Ferdinand I of Aragon |
| Mother | Eleanor of Alburquerque |
Eleanor of Aragon (2 May 1402 – 19 February 1445) was Queen of Portugal from 1433 to 1438 as the spouse of King Edward.[1] After Edward's death, she served as regent for her son Afonso V.[2] She was the daughter of Ferdinand I of Aragon and Eleanor of Alburquerque.
Biography
Eleanor's father died when she was 14 years old. Her brother eventually arranged her marriage to the future King Edward of Portugal, which happened on 22 September 1428.[3] They had nine children, of whom five survived to adulthood. In 1433, she became Queen of Portugal.[4] As queen she was not active politically and quickly became unpopular.
When her husband died on 9 September 1438, she was appointed regent of Portugal in his will, which was confirmed by the Portuguese Cortes. However, as a woman and a foreigner, she was unpopular with the people, who preferred the late king's brother Infante Peter, Duke of Coimbra.[5] The confirmation of her regency therefore caused a riot in Lisbon.[4] The riot was suppressed by her brother Count John of Barcelona, later King John II of Aragon. Eleanor was supported by the nobility and the will, while Peter was supported by a fraction of the nobility and by the people.[6] Negotiations for a compromise arrangement were drawn out over several months, but were complicated by the interference of the Count of Barcelos, who supported her, and the Archbishop of Lisbon, who supported Peter. This period also witnessed the birth to her of a posthumous daughter, Joan in March 1439 and the death of her eldest daughter, Philippa from tuberculosis.
Eventually, the Cortes appointed Peter the sole regent.[2] Eleanor continued conspiring, but decided to flee to Castile in December 1440,[7] bringing her infant daughter Joan with her.[8]
Dependent on charity and longing to be reunited with her children,[9] Eleanor was deeply unhappy in Castile.[10] In 1444, she applied to return to Portugal,[11] but died at Toledo in February 1445. There were rumors that she was poisoned.[12] In 1457, Afonso V ordered the transfer of her remains to Batalha, Portugal, where she is now buried alongside her husband in the Batalha Monastery.[13]
Issue
Eleanor had a total of nine children, five of whom survived to adulthood.[14]
- Infante John, October 1429 – 14 August 1433.
- Infanta Philippa 27 November 1430 – 24 March 1439.
- Afonso V of Portugal 15 January 1432 – 28 August 1481; who succeeded Edward as 12th King of Portugal.
- Infanta Maria, 7 December 1432 – 8 December 1432.
- Infante Ferdinand, 17 November 1433 – 18 September 1470; Duke of Viseu and father of future king Manuel I of Portugal.
- Eleanor, 18 September 1434 – 3 September 1467; married Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor.
- Infante Edward, 12 July 1435 – 12 July 1435.
- Catherine, 26 November 1436 – 17 June 1463.
- Joan, 31 March 1439 – 13 June 1475; married King Henry IV of Castile.
References
Citations
- ↑ Leonora of Aragon (1405–1445) Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia
- 1 2 Lawler, Jennifer (2001). Encyclopedia of Women in the Middle Ages. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. p. 102.
- ↑ Pereira & Rodrigues 1904, p. 166.
- 1 2 Pereira & Rodrigues 1904, p. 167.
- ↑ Livermore 1976, p. 113.
- ↑ Marques, Antonio Henrique R. de Oliveira (1976). History of Portugal. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 131. ISBN 0-231-08353-X.
- ↑ McMurdo 1889, p. 433.
- ↑ McMurdo 1889, p. 431.
- ↑ Pereira & Rodrigues 1904, p. 168.
- ↑ McMurdo 1889, p. 437.
- ↑ Livermore 1976, p. 114.
- ↑ Livermore 1976, p. 115.
- ↑ McMurdo 1889, p. 438.
- ↑ de Sousa 1735, pp. 492–496.
Sources
- de Sousa, Antonio Caetano (1735). Historia genealogica da casa real portugueza [Genealogical History of the Royal House of Portugal] (in Portuguese). Vol. 2. Lisboa Occidental.
- Livermore, H.V. (1976). A New History of Portugal. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521095716.
- McMurdo, Edward (1889). The history of Portugal, from the Commencement of the Monarchy to the Reign of Alfonso III. Vol. II. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
- Pereira, Esteves; Rodrigues, Guilherme (1904). Portugal: diccionario historico, chorographico, heraldico, biographico, bibliographico, numismatico e artistico (in Portuguese). Vol. IV. Lisboa: J. Romano Torres. pp. 166–168.