Advertisement for a Leucotome in the 1940s

A leucotome or McKenzie leucotome is a surgical instrument used for performing leucotomies (also known as lobotomy) and other forms of psychosurgery.

Invented by Canadian neurosurgeon Dr. Kenneth G. McKenzie in the 1940s, the leucotome has a narrow shaft which is inserted into the brain through a hole in the skull, and then a plunger on the back of the leucotome is depressed to extend a wire loop or metal strip into the brain. The leucotome is then rotated, cutting a core of brain tissue.[1] This type was used by the Nobel prize-winning Portuguese neurologist Egas Moniz.[2]

A leucotome designed by Neurosurgeon John Crumbie, Croydon Mental Hospital, 1955[3]

Another, different, surgical instrument also called a leucotome was introduced by Walter Freeman for use in the transorbital lobotomy. Modeled after an ice-pick, it consisted simply of a pointed shaft. It was passed through the tear duct under the eyelid and against the top of the eyesocket. A mallet was used to drive the instrument through the thin layer of bone and into the brain along the plane of the bridge of the nose, to a depth of 5 cm. Due to incidents of breakage, a stronger but essentially identical instrument called an orbitoclast was later used.[4]

Lobotomies were commonly performed from the 1930s to the 1960s, with a few as late as the 1980s in France.[5]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "Kenneth G. McKenzie". Congress of Neurological Surgeons. 1954-07-01. Retrieved 2023-11-05.
  2. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2023-11-05.
  3. ↑ "The Museum of Medicine and Health : Leucotome". Manchester Digital Collections. Retrieved 2023-11-05.
  4. ↑ "'My Lobotomy': Howard Dully's Journey". NPR. 2005 [2005-10-16]. Retrieved 2023-10-05.
  5. ↑ "La neurochirurgie fonctionnelle d'affections psychiatriques sévères" (PDF) (in French). Comité Consultatif National d'Ethique. 2002-04-25. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-20. (French national consultative committee on ethics, opinion #71: Functional neurosurgery of severe psychiatric conditions)


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