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| Lushootseed-speaking peoples of Puget Sound |
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This is a list of Indigenous peoples who speak, or historically spoke, the Lushootseed language. Lushootseed-speaking groups were traditionally politically autonomous at the local, or village, level, so there is no one term to unite all Lushootseed-speaking peoples.[1] Words like (dxʷ)ləšucid ʔacʔaciɬtalbixʷ or ʔacʔaciɬtalbixʷ kʷi gʷədxʷləšucideb (lit. "Lushootseed peoples" or "Peoples who speak Lushootseed") are sometimes used in modern times.[2] Sometimes, anthropologists have grouped all Lushootseed-speaking peoples together as the "Lushootseed people."[3] All historically-attested extended village groups or bands are listed, grouped by modern-day tribal units, sub-units, and further sub-units.
Northern Lushootseed
Northern Lushootseed (dxʷləšucid)[4] is spoken by peoples living generally in Island, Skagit, Snohomish, and parts of Whatcom counties. Northern Lushootseed-speaking communities include:
- Upper Skagit - sqaǰətabš[4]
- Sauk - saʔqʷəbixʷ[6]
- Suiattle - suyaƛ̕bixʷ[6]
- Stillaguamish - stuləgʷabš[4]: 230
- Quadsack - qʷacaʔkʷbixʷ
Southern Lushootseed
Southern Lushootseed, otherwise known as Twulshootseed (txʷəlšucid)[7] is spoken by the various peoples, historical and contemporary, located in King, Pierce, Thurston, Mason, and Kitsap counties. Southern Lushootseed communities include:
- Skykomish - sq̓ixʷəbš[4]
- Staktalijamish - st̕aq̓taliǰabš[4]
- Upper Skykomish/Index people - bəsx̌əx̌əx̌əlč
- Puyallup - spuyaləpabš[4]
- Hylebos Creek band - sx̌ax̌ƛ̕abš[9]
- Clarks Creek band - txʷskʷaqʷabš
- Simons Creek band - sqʷədabš
- Homamish - sxʷəbabš[10]
- Shotlemamish - dəxʷsx̌əƛ̕əbabš
- Steilacoom - č̓tilqʷəbabš[4][9]
- Clover Creek band
- Nisqually - dxʷsqʷaliʔabš[4][11]
- Sequalitchew - sčəgʷaličabš
- Lower Nisqually
- Clear Creek band
- Nisqually Lake band
- Muck Creek band
- Meshal/Mashel - bəšalabš[9]
- Squaxin Island - sqʷax̌sədəbš[4][12]
Whulshootseed
Whulshootseed (xʷəlšucid) refers to the large subdialect of Southern Lushootseed spoken by the Snoqualmie and Muckleshoot peoples.
- Snoqualmie - sdukʷalbixʷ[4]
- Muckleshoot - bəqəlšuɬ[4]
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Collins, June M. (1974). Valley of the Spirits: The Upper Skagit Indians of Western Washington.
- ↑ Waterman, T.T. (2001). sdaʔdaʔ gʷəɬ dibəɬ ləšucid ʔacaciɬtalbixʷ - Puget Sound Geographical Names. Seattle: Lushootseed Press.
- ↑ Miller, Jay (1997). "Back to Basics: Chiefdoms in Puget Sound". Ethnohistory. 44 (2): 375–387. doi:10.2307/483373. ISSN 0014-1801.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Bates, Dawn; Hess, Thom; Hilbert, Vi (1994). Lushootseed Dictionary. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-295-97323-4.
- ↑ Richardson, Allan; Galloway, Brent (2011). Nooksack Place Names: Geography, Culture, and Language. Vancouver: UBC Press.
- 1 2 "Sauk-Suiattle - Index". sauk-suiattle.com. Retrieved 2023-09-24.
- ↑ "Puyallup Tribal Language - Home". www.puyalluptriballanguage.org. Retrieved 2023-09-24.
- ↑ "The Suquamish Tribe – Home of the Suquamish People". Retrieved 2023-09-24.
- 1 2 3 Smith, Marian W. (1941). "The Coast Salish of Puget Sound". American Anthropologist. 43 (2): 197–211 – via JSTOR.
- ↑ Hutchinson, Chase (March 1, 2021). "Estuary has new name, honoring tribe; you'll need to watch a video to pronounce it". The News Tribune. Retrieved 2023-09-24.
- ↑ ":: Nisqually Indian Tribe Home Page". www.nisqually-nsn.gov. Retrieved 2023-09-24.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Who We Are – Squaxin Island Tribe". Retrieved 2023-09-24.
- 1 2 3 Tollefson, Kenneth D. (1987). "The Snoqualmie: A Puget Sound Chiefdom". Ethnology. 26 (2): 124 – via JSTOR.