List of VLF-transmitters

Countries with VLF Transmitter Stations

A list of VLF-transmitters and LF-transmitters, which work or worked on frequencies below 100 kHz.

List of VLF transmissions


Name / Call sign	Location	Frequency	Coordinates	Remarks
NOV Alpha Transmitter Novosibirsk	Bolotnoye, Bolotninsky District, Russia	11.905 kHz	55°45′22″N 84°26′52.4″E / 55.75611°N 84.447889°E / 55.75611; 84.447889	Alpha-Navigation
KRA Alpha Transmitter Krasnodar	Poltavskaya, Krasnoarmeysky District, Krasnodar Krai, Russia	12.649 kHz	45°24′12″N 38°09′29″E / 45.40333°N 38.15806°E / 45.40333; 38.15806	Alpha-Navigation, also RJH63
KOM Alpha Transmitter Komsomolskamur	Khabarovsk, Russia	12.649 kHz	50°04′24″N 136°36′24″E / 50.07333°N 136.60667°E / 50.07333; 136.60667	Alpha-Navigation
MUR Alpha Transmitter Murmansk	Revda, Russia	12.649 kHz	68°02′8″N 34°41′00″E / 68.03556°N 34.68333°E / 68.03556; 34.68333	Alpha-Navigation
ASH Alpha Transmitter Ashkabad	Seydi, Türkmenabat, Turkmenistan	12.649 kHz	39°28′16″N 62°43′07″E / 39.47111°N 62.71861°E / 39.47111; 62.71861	Alpha-Navigation
LaMoure - Omega Station D	LaMoure, North Dakota, USA	12.1 kHz	46°21′58″N 98°20′08″W / 46.365987°N 98.335667°W / 46.365987; -98.335667	now operated by US Navy on 25.2 kHz
Monte Grande Radio Station	Monte Grande, Argentina	17.33 kHz, 23.6 kHz	34°45′27″S 58°30′33″W / 34.757502°S 58.509128°W / -34.757502; -58.509128	Appears derelict. 718 Foot (219 meter) towers
HWU	Rosnay, France	15.1 kHz, 18.3 kHz, 21.75 kHz	46°42′51″N 1°14′40″E / 46.714119°N 1.244309°E / 46.714119; 1.244309	1171 foot (357 meter) tower
Zendmast Ruiselede	Ruiselede, Belgium	16.2 kHz 51.25 kHz	51°04′52″N 3°20′34″E / 51.08111°N 3.34278°E / 51.08111; 3.34278	used before World War II three 287 metres, today active on higher frequency with an antenna of four masts with heights of 121 and 122 metres
JXN	Gildeskål, Norway	16.4 kHz	66°58′56″N 13°52′21″E / 66.982337°N 13.872471°E / 66.982337; 13.872471	7,759-foot (2,365 m) valley-span antenna
VTX	Vijayanarayanam, India	17.0 kHz	8°23′13″N 77°45′07″E / 8.387°N 77.752°E / 8.387; 77.752	1545 foot (471 meter) tower
SAQ	Grimeton, Varberg, Sweden	17.2 kHz	57°06′50″N 12°24′16″E / 57.113958°N 12.404425°E / 57.113958; 12.404425	Only active at special occasions (Alexanderson Day)
NAA	Cutler, Maine, USA	17.8 kHz, 24.0 kHz	44°38′40″N 67°17′04″W / 44.644506°N 67.284565°W / 44.644506; -67.284565	997 ft (304 meter) tall
RDL	Krasnodar, Russia	18.1 kHz	44°46′24″N 39°32′50″E / 44.77333°N 39.54722°E / 44.77333; 39.54722	425 metres tall central tower
INS Kattabomman	Vijayanarayanam, India	18.2 kHz	8°23′13″N 77°45′02″E / 8.3869497°N 77.7505891°E / 8.3869497; 77.7505891
GQD	Anthorn, Cumbria, UK	19.58 kHz, 22.10 kHz	54°54′42″N 3°16′43″W / 54.911683°N 3.278738°W / 54.911683; -3.278738	13 towers, 745-foot (227 m) tall
NWC	Exmouth, Western Australia	19.8 kHz	21°48′59″S 114°09′56″E / 21.816325°S 114.16546°E / -21.816325; 114.16546	389 metres tall central tower
ICV	Tavolara (Sardinia, Italy)	20.27 kHz, 20.76 kHz	40°55′22″N 9°43′55″E / 40.922889°N 9.732052°E / 40.922889; 9.732052	Valley-span antenna fixed on 133 metres and 114 metres tall masts
RJH69	Vileyka, Belarus	20.5 kHz	54°27′48″N 26°46′33″E / 54.463204°N 26.775827°E / 54.463204; 26.775827	Time signal transmitter Beta
RJH77	Archangelsk, Russia	20.5 kHz	64°21′38″N 41°34′07″E / 64.360491°N 41.568489°E / 64.360491; 41.568489	Time signal transmitter Beta
RJH99	Nizhny Novgorod, Russia	20.5 kHz	56°10′19″N 43°55′54″E / 56.171945°N 43.931667°E / 56.171945; 43.931667	Time signal transmitter Beta
RJH66	Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan	20.5 kHz	43°02′22″N 73°36′45″E / 43.039444°N 73.6125°E / 43.039444; 73.6125	Time signal transmitter Beta
RAB99	Khabarovsk, Russia	20.5 kHz	48°29′08″N 134°49′24″E / 48.48555°N 134.82333°E / 48.48555; 134.82333	Time signal transmitter Beta
RJH63	Martanskaya, Belorechensk, Krasnodar Krai, Russia	20.5 kHz	44°46′25″N 39°32′50″E / 44.773640°N 39.547262°E / 44.773640; 39.547262	Time signal transmitter Beta
NPM	Lualualei, Hawaii, USA	21.4 kHz	21°25′13″N 158°09′14″W / 21.420382°N 158.153912°W / 21.420382; -158.153912	1,503-foot (458 m) tower installed 1972, since the collapse of Warsaw radio mast tallest structure insulated against ground
GVT^[1]	Skelton, Cumbria, UK	22.1 kHz	54°43′55″N 2°53′00″W / 54.731929°N 2.883359°W / 54.731929; -2.883359	1,198 foot (365-meter) tower
JJI	Ebino, Japan	22.2 kHz or 22.1 kHz	32°05′32″N 130°49′45″E / 32.092247°N 130.829095°E / 32.092247; 130.829095	Antenna on 8 masts with a height of 270 metres
DHO38	Rhauderfehn, Germany	23.4 kHz	53°05′14″N 7°36′31″E / 53.087341°N 7.608652°E / 53.087341; 7.608652	8 masts with a height of 352.9 metres, submarine communication
NLK (Jim Creek)	Seattle, Washington (USA)	24.8 kHz	48°12′13″N 121°55′01″W / 48.203633°N 121.916828°W / 48.203633; -121.916828	valley-span antenna
	Mokpo, South Korea^[1]	24.1 kHz,^[2] 25.0 kHz	34°40′56″N 126°26′49″E / 34.682222°N 126.446944°E / 34.682222; 126.446944
NML LaMoure US Navy Transmitter	LaMoure, North Dakota, USA	25.2 kHz	46°21′58″N 98°20′08″W / 46.365987°N 98.335667°W / 46.365987; -98.335667	1,148-foot (350 m) tower
Denizkoy VLF Transmitter TBB	Bafa, Didim district, Turkey	26.7 kHz	37°24′34″N 27°19′31″E / 37.409420°N 27.325273°E / 37.409420; 27.325273	Two 1,247-foot (380 m) towers, built about 2000.
Dimona Radar Facility	Dimona, Israel	29.7 kHz, 26.0 kHz	30°58′33″N 35°05′55″E / 30.975696°N 35.098668°E / 30.975696; 35.098668	Two 1300 foot (400 meter) tall towers
Goedverwacht Transmitting Station	Cape Town, South Africa		33°47′14″S 18°41′41″E / 33.787289°S 18.694761°E / -33.787289; 18.694761
TFK	Grindavík, Iceland	37.6 kHz (37.5 kHz center)	63°51′03″N 22°27′06″W / 63.850833°N 22.451667°W / 63.850833; -22.451667	1,000 ft (304.8-meter) tower
JJY	Otakadoyayama Transmitter, Tamura, Japan	40.0 kHz	37°22′21″N 140°50′56″E / 37.372557°N 140.849007°E / 37.372557; 140.849007	Time signal
SRC	Grimeton, Sweden	40.4 kHz	57°06′50″N 12°24′16″E / 57.113958°N 12.404425°E / 57.113958; 12.404425	Shares antenna with SAQ, used for encrypted messages to Swedish Navy
NAU Naval Communications Station Puerto Rico	Aguada, Puerto Rico, USA	40.75 kHz	18°23′56″N 67°10′39″W / 18.398775°N 67.177486°W / 18.398775; -67.177486	1,205-foot (367 m) tower
NSY^[3]	Niscemi, Italy	45.9 kHz	37°07′32″N 14°26′11″E / 37.125654°N 14.436325°E / 37.125654; 14.436325	US Navy, 252 metres tall mast
SXA	Kato Souli, Marathon, Greece	49.0 kHz^[3]	38°08′43″N 24°01′11″E / 38.145186°N 24.019703°E / 38.145186; 24.019703	820 foot (250 meter) tower
NPG	Dixon, California, USA	55.5 kHz	38°22′17″N 121°46′32″W / 38.371505°N 121.775569°W / 38.371505; -121.775569	2 masts 194.2 metres tall, submarine communications^[4]
LBH	Gossa, Norway	57.7 kHz	62°47′09″N 6°54′03″E / 62.785927°N 6.90083°E / 62.785927; 6.90083	200 metres tall mast
WWVB	Fort Collins, Colorado, USA	60.0 kHz	40°40′41″N 105°02′49″W / 40.678056°N 105.046944°W / 40.678056; -105.046944	Time signal
JJY	Haganeyama Transmitter, Saga, Japan	60.0 kHz	33°27′56″N 130°10′32″E / 33.465539°N 130.175516°E / 33.465539; 130.175516	Time signal
MSF	Anthorn Radio Station, Anthorn, UK	60.0 kHz	54°55′N 3°17′W / 54.91°N 3.28°W / 54.91; -3.28	Time signal
Italian Navy	Rome, Italy	65.25 kHz	41°58′32″N 12°21′34″W / 41.975452°N 12.359494°W / 41.975452; -12.359494	150 metres tall masts
RBU	Moscow, Russia	66.666 kHz	55°43′50″N 38°09′09″E / 55.730481°N 38.152471°E / 55.730481; 38.152471	Time signal
RBU	Taldom, Russia	66.666 kHz	56°44′00″N 37°39′48″E / 56.733333°N 37.663333°E / 56.733333; 37.663333	Time signal
BPC	Pucheng, China	68.5 kHz	34°56′54″N 109°32′34″E / 34.948333°N 109.542778°E / 34.948333; 109.542778	Time signal
BSF	Guishan, Taiwan	77.5 kHz	25°00′20″N 121°21′54″E / 25.005556°N 121.365°E / 25.005556; 121.365	Time signal
DCF77	Mainflingen, Mainhausen, Germany	77.5 kHz	50°00′51″N 9°00′41″E / 50.014234°N 9.011487°E / 50.014234; 9.011487	a major time signal in Europe
SAS2	Gudinge, Lövstabruk, Sweden	42.5 kHz	60°31′27″N 18°00′44″E / 60.524275°N 18.012192°E / 60.524275; 18.012192	695 foot, 212-metre tall mast
	Tving, Sweden		56°16′30″N 15°29′16″E / 56.275050°N 15.487858°E / 56.275050; 15.487858	695 foot, 212-metre tall mast
RNAS Rattray (MKL, GYW1)	Crimond, UK	82.8 kHz, 51.95 kHz	57°37′03″N 1°53′15″W / 57.617467°N 1.887617°W / 57.617467; -1.887617	tallest mast 274.3 metres high, site now home to a high frequency transmitter station forming part of the Defence High Frequency Communications Service
RNAS Inskip (HMS Nightjar) (GIZ20)	Inskip, UK	61.84 kHz	53°49′48″N 2°50′03″W / 53.830074°N 2.834262°W / 53.830074; -2.834262	VLF transmissions of Morse code to ships close to U.K. in the 1980s; now used as a military high frequency radio transmitting station
FTA2	Saint Assise, France	16.9 kHz,^[5] 20.9 kHz^[1]	48°32′42″N 2°34′35″E / 48.544910°N 2.576294°E / 48.544910; 2.576294
La Regine (FUG)	Villemagne, France	62.6 kHz	43°23′12″N 2°05′51″E / 43.386781°N 2.097364°E / 43.386781; 2.097364	^[6]
Kerlouan transmitter (FUE)	Kerlouan, France	62.6 kHz, 65.8 kHz	48°38′16″N 4°21′03″W / 48.637736°N 4.350769°W / 48.637736; -4.350769
3SB^[7]	Datong, China	20.6 kHz, 10.6 kHz	39°56′35″N 113°14′52″E / 39.942959°N 113.247886°E / 39.942959; 113.247886
3SA	Changde, China	20.6 kHz	29°35′24″N 110°44′19″E / 29.589879°N 110.738701°E / 29.589879; 110.738701	valley-spun antenna
REN	Guardamar del Segura, Spain	145.0 kHz	38°04′19″N 0°39′53″W / 38.071871°N 0.664625°W / 38.071871; -0.664625

Demolished


Name / Call sign	Location	Frequency	Coordinates	Remarks
Trinidad - Omega Station B	Chaguaramas, Trinidad and Tobago	12.0 kHz	10°41′59″N 61°38′18″W / 10.699738°N 61.638386°W / 10.699738; -61.638386	valley span antenna dismantled, station replaced by the Paynesville Liberia Station in 1976
Paynesville - Omega Station B	Paynesville, Liberia	12.0 kHz	6°18′20″N 10°39′43″W / 6.305442°N 10.662068°W / 6.305442; -10.662068	1,368-foot (417 m) tower demolished in 2011
Kaneohe - Omega Station C	Haiku Valley, Hawaii, USA	11.8 kHz	21°24′17″N 157°49′51″W / 21.404811°N 157.830834°W / 21.404811; -157.830834	5,000-foot (1,500 m) valley span antenna, decommissioned in 1997. Antenna dismantled, deteriorating transmitter building and Haiku Stairs remain
Bratland - Omega Station A (LEA)	Brattland, Norway	12.1 kHz	66°25′10″N 13°07′48″E / 66.419323°N 13.129950°E / 66.419323; 13.129950	11,500-foot (3,500 m) valley span antenna over salt water. dismantled in 2002. Building and helix house remains
Plaine Chabrier - Omega Station E	Saint-Paul, Reunion Island	12.3 kHz	20°58′27″S 55°17′24″E / 20.974153°S 55.289973°E / -20.974153; 55.289973	1,404-foot (428 m) tower demolished in 1999
Golfo Nuevo - Omega Station F	Golfo Nuevo, Chubut, Argentina	12.9 kHz	43°03′13″S 65°11′27″W / 43.053524°S 65.190763°W / -43.053524; -65.190763	1,201-foot (366 m) tower demolished in 1998
Woodside - Omega Station G (VL3DEF)	Woodside, Victoria, Australia	13.0 kHz, 18.6 kHz	38°28′53″S 146°56′07″E / 38.481268°S 146.935326°E / -38.481268; 146.935326	1,417-foot (432 m) foot tower demolished in 2015
Shushi-Wan - Omega Station H	Tsushima Island, Japan	12.8 kHz	34°36′53″N 129°27′14″E / 34.614763°N 129.453830°E / 34.614763; 129.453830	1,276-foot (389 m) foot tower dismantled in 1998
GBZ Criggion	Criggion, Wales, UK	15.2 kHz	52°43′21″N 3°03′47″W / 52.72246°N 3.06295°W / 52.72246; -3.06295	towers and antenna demolished in 2003. Derelict transmitter building remains
Kahuku Marconi Transmitter	Kahuku, Oahu, Hawaii, USA	16.1 kHz	21°42′22″N 157°58′23″W / 21.7062°N 157.9731°W / 21.7062; -157.9731	shut down in 1939, deteriorated transmitter building and support buildings remain
Coltano transmitting station	Coltano, Italy		43°38′59″N 10°24′31″E / 43.649841°N 10.408634°E / 43.649841; 10.408634	4 masts with a height of 250 metres, destroyed at the end of World War II
Waunfawr Marconi Transmitter	Waunfawr, Wales, UK	21.2 kHz	53°07′26″N 4°11′37″W / 53.1239°N 4.1935°W / 53.1239; -4.1935	Closed in 1938, only the transmitter building remains
Radio Kootwijk	Apeldoorn, Netherlands	24 kHz	52°10′24″N 5°49′08″E / 52.173414°N 5.818857°E / 52.173414; 5.818857	last mast demolished in 1980, iconic transmitter building remains
Table Head Marconi Transmitter	Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada	37.5 kHz	46°12′40″N 59°57′09″W / 46.21118°N 59.9525°W / 46.21118; -59.9525	dismantled and moved to Marconi Towers, Nova Scotia in 1904
Marconi Towers Transmitter	Marconi Towers, Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada	37.5 kHz	46°09′17″N 59°56′44″W / 46.1547273°N 59.9455246°W / 46.1547273; -59.9455246	closed and sold in 1946. Manager's house and ruins remain.
Marion Marconi Transmitter	Marion, Massachusetts, USA	25.8 kHz	41°42′47″N 70°46′29″W / 41.7131401°N 70.7748406°W / 41.7131401; -70.7748406	shut down in 1957, towers demolished in 1960. Transmitter and support buildings remain
New Brunswick Marconi Transmitter	New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA	21.8 kHz	40°30′55″N 74°29′20″W / 40.51529°N 74.48895°W / 40.51529; -74.48895	shut down in 1948, demolished in 1953. Only the station cottage remains
Bolinas Marconi Transmitter	Bolinas, California. USA	19.2 kHz	37°54′47″N 122°43′42″W / 37.913°N 122.72825°W / 37.913; -122.72825	shut down in 1946. Transmitter building, MF and HF transmitters and one cottage remain
RCA Radio Central	Rocky Point, New York, USA	18.3 kHz	40°55′26″N 72°56′08″W / 40.92379°N 72.9356°W / 40.92379; -72.9356	last VLF tower demolished in 1977
NSS Annapolis	Annapolis, Maryland, USA	21.4 kHz	38°58′40″N 76°27′12″W / 38.977778°N 76.453333°W / 38.977778; -76.453333	shut down in 1996, 1,200-foot (370 m) tower demolished in 1999, three 600-foot (180 m) towers remain
Forestport Tower	Forestport, New York, USA		43°26′41″N 75°05′10″W / 43.44485337°N 75.0861464°W / 43.44485337; -75.0861464	1,205-foot (367 m) tower demolished in 1998
Tuckerton Transmitter	Tuckerton, New Jersey, USA	22.1 kHz	39°33′31″N 74°22′14″W / 39.558495°N 74.370570°W / 39.558495; -74.370570	shut down 1948, 820-foot (250 m) tower demolished 1955, transmitter building remains
Silver Creek Communications Annex	Silver Creek, Nebraska, USA		41°20′46″N 97°43′18″W / 41.3461996°N 97.72176109°W / 41.3461996; -97.72176109	1,226-foot (374 m) tower demolished in 1995. Building remains.
Hawes Radio Relay Facility	Hinkley, California, USA		34°55′03″N 117°22′37″W / 34.9174009°N 117.377046654°W / 34.9174009; -117.377046654	1,226-foot (374 m) tower and all buildings demolished in 1986
GBR	Rugby, UK	16.0 kHz 60 kHz	52°22′02″N 1°11′19″W / 52.367290°N 1.188524°W / 52.367290; -1.188524	shut-down in 2003, demolished in 2007
JAP	Yosami, Kariya, Aichi, Japan	17.442 kHz^[8]	34°58′17″N 137°01′01″E / 34.971474°N 137.017018°E / 34.971474; 137.017018	250m masts, demolished
NBA Summit Naval Radio Station^[9]	Summit, Balboa, Canal Zone, Panama	18.6 kHz, 24.0 kHz^[10]	9°04′12″N 79°38′00″W / 9.0699425°N 79.6333477°W / 9.0699425; -79.6333477	megawatt naval VLF station, demolished
NPO Sangley Point Naval Radio Station	Cavite, Philippines	21.5 kHz	14°29′42″N 120°54′29″E / 14.495°N 120.908°E / 14.495; 120.908	Three 600-foot (180 m) VLF towers demolished after World War II
Malabar Radio Station	Malabar, Indonesia		7°06′59″S 107°36′22″E / 7.116281°S 107.606183°E / -7.116281; 107.606183	valley span-antenna, demolished
NPM	Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, USA	26.1 kHz	21°21′00″N 157°57′50″W / 21.35°N 157.964°W / 21.35; -157.964	Three 600-foot (180 m) towers dismantled in 1936. Transmitters moved to Lualualei in 1936
NPL Chollas Heights	San Diego, California, USA	30.6 kHz	32°44′26″N 117°03′51″W / 32.74063°N 117.0643°W / 32.74063; -117.0643	ceased operations in 1992, towers demolished 1995, Transmitter building remains
Sayville Telefunken Wireless Station	Sayville, New York, USA	38.4 kHz	40°44′37″N 73°06′12″W / 40.7437°N 73.1033°W / 40.7437; -73.1033	477-foot (145 m) tower demolished. massive concrete guy wire anchors remain.
Karlsborg transmitter	Karlsborg, Sweden	49.55 kHz	58°29′13″N 14°28′09″E / 58.4870111°N 14.4691833°E / 58.4870111; 14.4691833	Two 689-foot (210 m) masts demolished in 2001
NAA Arlington	Arlington, Virginia, USA	50.0 kHz, etc	38°52′04″N 77°04′45″W / 38.867820°N 77.0791°W / 38.867820; -77.0791	towers removed in 1941, NAA buildings remain.
RKS Liblice 1 (OMA)	Liblice, Czech	50.0 kHz	50°04′20″N 14°52′51″E / 50.072249°N 14.880810°E / 50.072249; 14.880810	demolished in 2004
OLB5	Poděbrady, Czech	50.0 kHz	50°08′16″N 15°08′40″E / 50.137793°N 15.144331°E / 50.137793; 15.144331	shutdown in 1995
FTA50	Saint-André-de-Corcy, France	50.75 kHz	45°55′44″N 4°56′09″E / 45.928825°N 4.935737°E / 45.928825; 4.935737	demolished
Hürup Navy Transmitter	Hürup, Germany	53 kHz 68,9 kHz	54°45′38″N 9°32′58″E / 54.760504°N 9.549544°E / 54.760504; 9.549544	3 masts, each 160 metres tall, shut-down in 2002
Neuharlingersiel Navy Transmitter	Neuharlingersiel, Germany	53 kHz	53°40′40″N 7°36′43″E / 53.677881°N 7.612077°E / 53.677881; 7.612077	3 masts, two 164 metres tall and one 171 metres tall, since 2004 no VLF/LF-transmissions
Clifden Marconi Transmitter	Derrigimlagh, Clifden, Ireland	54.5 kHz	53°27′03″N 10°02′35″W / 53.4508506°N 10.0430238°W / 53.4508506; -10.0430238	demolished following an attack by Irish republican forces in July 1922. Ruins remain
Bad Deutsch-Altenburg transmitter	Bad Deutsch-Altenburg, Austria	73.85 kHz	48°06′22″N 16°55′13″E / 48.106176°N 16.920359°E / 48.106176; 16.920359	Three 100 metres tall masts, demolished in the 1980s
HBG	Prangins, Switzerland	75.0 kHz	46°24′30″N 6°15′10″E / 46.408422°N 6.252680°E / 46.408422; 6.252680	Demolished 2012
Székesfehérvár transmitter	Székesfehérvár, Hungary	77.82 kHz	47°09′10″N 18°23′43″E / 47.152844°N 18.395201°E / 47.152844; 18.395201	Two 152 metres masts demolished in 2009
Münchenbuchsee transmitter	Münchenbuchsee, Switzerland	82.05 kHz	47°00′53″N 7°26′37″E / 47.014617°N 7.443483°E / 47.014617; 7.443483	One 125 metres and two 92 metres towers demolished in 1983
Dübendorf transmitter	Dübendorf, Switzerland		47°24′32″N 8°37′54″E / 47.408820°N 8.631778°E / 47.408820; 8.631778	122 metres tall mast, demolished
Globecom Tower (XPH)	Thule, Greenland	68.9 kHz	76°33′11″N 68°33′03″W / 76.553133°N 68.5507134°W / 76.553133; -68.5507134	1,241-foot (378 m) tower was the tallest structure outside the USA in 1954. Demolished in 1992
Radom longwave transmitter (SOA, SNA)	Radom - Wacyn, Poland	55.75, 58.25, 62.45, 64.9, 76.35, 80.5, 81.35 kHz	51°24′34″N 21°07′02″E / 51.409332°N 21.117214°E / 51.409332; 21.117214	shut-down, one mast today used for FM-/TV-broadcasting, the others demolished
Transatlantycka Radiotelegraficzna Centrala Nadawcza (AXO, AXL)	Babice, Warsaw, Poland	14.29, 16.4, 17.7, 18.65 kHz	52°15′59″N 20°52′48″E / 52.266412°N 20.879892°E / 52.266412; 20.879892	Alexanderson alternator, destroyed on January 16, 1945 by the army of Nazi Germany^[11]^[12]
Eilvese	Eilvese, Germany	20, 30, 96 kHz	52°32′47″N 9°24′53″E / 52.546389°N 9.414722°E / 52.546389; 9.414722	820-foot (250 m) tower demolished in 1931
Königs Wusterhausen	Königs Wusterhausen, Germany	69.7 kHz	52°18′15″N 13°36′41″E / 52.304277°N 13.611326°E / 52.304277; 13.611326	demolished
Kamina Funkstation	Kamina, Atakpamé, Togo		7°56′00″N 0°51′00″E / 7.933333°N 0.85°E / 7.933333; 0.85	destroyed
Herzogstand	Herzogstand, Germany		47°37′44″N 11°19′20″E / 47.628889°N 11.322222°E / 47.628889; 11.322222	experimental station, valley-span antenna, demolished
Goliath	Kalbe, Germany	16.55 kHz	52°40′09″N 11°25′19″E / 52.669218°N 11.421890°E / 52.669218; 11.421890	removed by Russian troops, reinstalled in Russia as RJH90
Nauen Transmitter Station	Nauen, Germany		52°38′53″N 12°54′30″E / 52.647959°N 12.908292°E / 52.647959; 12.908292	872-foot (266 m) tower demolished and all equipment removed by Soviet Army in 1946, transmitter building remains
SRC^[13]	Ruda, Sweden	44.2, 40.0 kHz	57°07′13″N 16°09′11″E / 57.120331°N 16.153111°E / 57.120331; 16.153111	659 foot, 201-metre tall mast, demolished 2020
Lafayette Radio Station	Marcheprime, France		44°42′31″N 0°48′49″W / 44.708611°N 0.813611°W / 44.708611; -0.813611	destroyed by retreating German troops in 1944
Basse-Lande transmitter	Brains, France		47°10′15″N 1°41′42″W / 47.170749°N 1.694947°W / 47.170749; -1.694947	destroyed

References

1 2 3 Meredith, Nigel P.; Horne, Richard B.; Clilverd, Mark A.; Ross, Johnathan P. J. (July 2019). "An Investigation of VLF Transmitter Wave Power in the Inner Radiation Belt and Slot Region" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 124 (7): 5246–5259. Bibcode:2019JGRA..124.5246M. doi:10.1029/2019JA026715. S2CID 197563530.
↑ A S Poletaev; D A Chensky; A G Chensky (2019). "Radio interferometric location finding of VLF signal transmitters". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. International Conference “Complex equipment of quality control laboratories”: IOP Publishing. 1384 (1): 012042. Bibcode:2019JPhCS1384a2042P. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1384/1/012042.
1 2 "VLF Transmitters List". sidstation.loudet.org.
↑ "MW List".
↑ "RADIO SIGNALS IN THE RANGE; 15 - 20 kHz". www.vlf.it.
↑ "VLF station la Régine (French Navy)".
↑ "RADIO SIGNALS IN THE RANGE; 20 - 25 kHz". www.vlf.it.
↑ "Navy Shore Station LF & VLF Transmitters". www.navy-radio.com.
↑ "US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama - NBA". www.navy-radio.com.
↑ "NASA - NSSDCA - Experiment - Details". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
↑ "Nadajnik Babice" (in Polish).
↑ "Transatlantycka Radiotelegraficzna Centrala Nadawcza" (in Polish).
↑ "IK4HDQ 0 50 5 MHz".

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[nigel-1] 1 2 3 Meredith, Nigel P.; Horne, Richard B.; Clilverd, Mark A.; Ross, Johnathan P. J. (July 2019). "An Investigation of VLF Transmitter Wave Power in the Inner Radiation Belt and Slot Region" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 124 (7): 5246–5259. Bibcode:2019JGRA..124.5246M. doi:10.1029/2019JA026715. S2CID 197563530.

[2] A S Poletaev; D A Chensky; A G Chensky (2019). "Radio interferometric location finding of VLF signal transmitters". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. International Conference “Complex equipment of quality control laboratories”: IOP Publishing. 1384 (1): 012042. Bibcode:2019JPhCS1384a2042P. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1384/1/012042.

[VLF_Transmitters_List-3] 1 2 "VLF Transmitters List". sidstation.loudet.org.

[4] "MW List".

[5] "RADIO SIGNALS IN THE RANGE; 15 - 20 kHz". www.vlf.it.

[6] "VLF station la Régine (French Navy)".

[7] "RADIO SIGNALS IN THE RANGE; 20 - 25 kHz". www.vlf.it.

[8] "Navy Shore Station LF & VLF Transmitters". www.navy-radio.com.

[9] "US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama - NBA". www.navy-radio.com.

[10] "NASA - NSSDCA - Experiment - Details". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.

[11] "Nadajnik Babice" (in Polish).

[12] "Transatlantycka Radiotelegraficzna Centrala Nadawcza" (in Polish).

[13] "IK4HDQ 0 50 5 MHz".

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