Vega
Vega's flight VV09 before its liftoff with the Sentinel-2B mission.
FunctionSmall-lift launch vehicle.
ManufacturerAvio
Country of originItaly,
European Space Agency[lower-alpha 1]
Cost per launchUS$37 million
Size
Height30 m (98 ft)
Diameter3 m (9.8 ft)
Mass137,000 kg (302,000 lb)
Stages4
Capacity
Payload to polar orbit (700 km, i 90°)
Mass1,430 kg (3,150 lb)
Payload to elliptical orbit (1500 × 200 km,
i 5.4°)
Mass1,963 kg (4,328 lb)
Payload to SSO (400 km)
Mass1,450 kg (3,200 lb)
Payload to Low Earth Orbit (200 km, i 90°)
Mass2,500 kg (5,500 lb)
Associated rockets
Comparable
Launch history
StatusActive
Launch sitesCentre Spatial Guyanais, ELV
Total launches
  • 23
    • Vega: 21
    • Vega-C: 2
First flight13 February 2012 [1]
Last flight9 October 2023
First stage – P80[2][3]
Height11.7 m (38 ft)
Diameter3 m (9.8 ft)
Empty mass7,330 kg (16,160 lb)
Gross mass95,695 kg (210,971 lb)
Powered byoff
Maximum thrust2,261 kN (508,000 lbf)
Specific impulse280 s (2.7 km/s)
Burn time107 seconds
PropellantHTPB (solid)
Second stage – Zefiro 23
Height8.39 m (27.5 ft)
Diameter1.9 m (6 ft 3 in)
Empty mass2,850 kg (6,280 lb)
Gross mass28,850 kg (63,600 lb)
Powered byoff
Maximum thrust871 kN (196,000 lbf)
Specific impulse287.5 s (2.819 km/s)
Burn time71,6 seconds
PropellantHTPB (solid) [4]
Third stage – Zefiro 9
Height4.12 m (13.5 ft)
Diameter1.9 m (6 ft 3 in)
Empty mass1,315 kg (2,899 lb)
Gross mass11,815 kg (26,048 lb)
Powered byoff
Maximum thrust260 kN (58,000 lbf)
Specific impulse296 s (2.90 km/s)
Burn time117 seconds
PropellantHTPB (solid) [5]
Upper stage – AVUM
Height1.7 m (5 ft 7 in)
Diameter1.9 m (6 ft 3 in)
Empty mass147 kg (324 lb)
Gross mass697 kg (1,537 lb)
Powered by1 × RD-843
Maximum thrust2.42 kN (540 lbf)
Specific impulse315.5 s (3.094 km/s)
Burn time317 seconds
PropellantUDMH / N2O4

Vega is an expendable launch system in use by Arianespace which was jointly developed by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and the European Space Agency (ESA). Development began in 1998 and the first launch took place from the Centre Spatial Guyanais on 13 February 2012.[6]

It is designed to launch small payloads — 300 to 2500 kg satellites for scientific and Earth observation missions to polar and low Earth orbits.[7] The reference Vega mission is a polar orbit bringing a spacecraft of 1500 kg to an altitude of 700 km.

The rocket, named after the star Vega,[8] is a single-body launcher (no strap-on boosters) with three solid rocket stages: the P80 first stage, the Zefiro 23 second stage, and the Zefiro 9 third stage. The upper module is a liquid rocket called AVUM. The improved version of the P80 stage, the P120C, will also be used as the side boosters of the Ariane 6. Italy is the leading contributor to the Vega program (65%), followed by France (13%).[9] Other participants include Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Sweden.[10]

Launch statistics

Rocket configurations

  •   Vega
  •   Vega (scheduled)
  •   Vega-C
  •   Vega-C (scheduled)
  •   Vega-E (scheduled)


Launch outcomes

  •   Failure
  •   Success
  •   Scheduled

Orbits

Past launches

Note: Date and time of start (as count-down zero, ignition or lift-off?) is listed in UTC. (Although local time at Guiana Space Centre (CSG) in Kourou, French Guiana, South America is UTC–3.)

2012

Flight Date / time (UTC) [11] Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit Customer Launch Outcome
VV01 13 February 2012
10:00:00		 Vega ELV LARES  • ALMASat-1  • e-st@r  • Goliat  • MaSat-1  • PW-Sat  • ROBUSTA  • UniCubeSat-GG  • Xatcobeo LEO University of Bologna[12] Success
First Vega launch; Geodetic and Nanosatellite;

2013

Flight Date / time (UTC) [11] Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit Customer Launch Outcome
VV02 7 May 2013
02:06:31		 Vega ELV PROBA-V  • VNREDSat 1A  • ESTCube-1 254.83 kg (561.8 lb) [13] SSO ESA • VAST •

Tartu

 Success
First commercial launch; Earth observation satellite;[14][15]

2014

Flight Date / time (UTC) [11] Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit Customer Launch Outcome
VV03 30 April 2014
01:35:15		 Vega ELV KazEOSat 1 830 kg (1,830 lb) [16] SSO KGS Success
Earth observation satellite [17]

2015

Flight Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit Customers Launch
Outcome
VV04 11 February 2015
13:40:00		 Vega ELV IXV 1,845 kg (4,068 lb) [18] TAO ESA Success
Reentry technology demonstration; IXV deployed into a transatmospheric orbit, AVUM briefly entered a low Earth orbit before performing targeted de-orbit.[19][20][21][22][23]
VV05 23 June 2015
01:51:58		 Vega ELV Sentinel-2A 1,130 kg (2,490 lb) [24] SSO ESA Success
Earth observation satellite [25][26][27][28]
VV06 3 December 2015
04:04:00		 Vega ELV LISA Pathfinder 1,906 kg (4,202 lb) [29] Halo orbit Earth–Sun L1 ESA / NASA Success
Technology demonstrator[30][31]

2016

Flight Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit Customers Launch
Outcome
VV07 16 September 2016
01:43:35		 Vega ELV PeruSat-1  • 4 Terra Bella satellites 870 kg (1,920 lb)[32] SSO Peruvian Armed Forces • Terra Bella Success
Reconnaissance satellite / Earth observation satellite[33][34]
VV08 5 December 2016
13:51:44		 Vega ELV Göktürk-1A 1,060 kg (2,340 lb)[35] SSO Turkish Armed Forces Success
Earth observation satellite [36] (IMINT, Reconnaissance)

2017

Flight Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit Customers Launch
Outcome
VV09 7 March 2017
01:49:24		 Vega ELV Sentinel-2B 1,130 kg (2,490 lb)[37] SSO ESA Success
Earth observation satellite[38][39]
VV10 2 August 2017
01:58:33		 Vega ELV OPTSAT-3000  • VENµS 632 kg (1,393 lb)[40] SSO Italian Defense Ministry  • ISA/CNES Success
IMINT Earth observation satellite[41]
VV11 8 November 2017
01:42:31		 Vega ELV Mohammed VI-A (MN35-13A) 1,110 kg (2,450 lb)[42] SSO Morocco Success
Earth observation satellite[43]

2018

Flight Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit Customers Launch
Outcome
VV12 22 August 2018
21:20:09 [44]		 Vega ELV ADM-Aeolus[45][46][47] 1,357 kg (2,992 lb) [48] SSO ESA Success
Weather satellite
VV13 21 November 2018
01:42:31 [49]		 Vega ELV Mohammed VI-B (MN35-13B) [49] 1,108 kg (2,443 lb) [50] SSO Morocco Success
Earth observation satellite

2019

Flight Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit Customers Launch
Outcome
VV14 22 March 2019
01:50:35 [51]		 Vega ELV PRISMA[52] 879 kg (1,938 lb) [53] SSO Italian Space Agency Success
Earth observation satellite
VV15 11 July 2019
01:53		 Vega ELV Falcon Eye 1 1,197 kg (2,639 lb) SSO UAEAF[54] Failure [55]
IMINT (Reconnaissance) – The VV15 launch failure was possibly caused by a thermal protection design flaw on the second stage's forward dome area,[56] and led to reassignment of the FalconEye 2 launch.[57][58] This also led to the highest recorded amount (US$411.21 million) for an insurance claim for a satellite launch failure.[59]

2020

Flight Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit Customers Launch
Outcome
VV16 3 September 2020
01:51:10 [60]		 Vega ELV SSMS PoC Flight, D-Orbit,[61] Spaceflight Industries,[62] SITAEL[63] and ISISpace[64] microsatellites and cubesats (53 satellites). 756 kg (1,667 lb) [65] SSO Various Success
Technology demonstration: launch of the Small Satellites Mission Service Dispenser (SSMS Dispenser) Proof of Concept Flight.[66]
VV17 17 November 2020
01:52:20 [67]		 Vega ELV SEOSat-Ingenio and TARANIS[68][69] 925 kg (2,039 lb) SSO Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology (CDTI) (Spain) and Centre national d'études spatiales (CNES), France Failure [70]
Earth observation satellite and Study of the atmosphere of the Earth. After ignition of the AVUM upper stage, a trajectory deviation caused failure. Satellites were valued at nearly US$400 million.[70] An assembly error (inverted control cable) was the suspected cause.[70]

2021

Flight Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit Customers Launch
Outcome
VV18 29 April 2021
01:50 [71]		 Vega ELV Pléiades Neo 3  • NorSat-3  • Bravo  • ELO Alpha  • Lemur-2 × 2 1,278 kg (2,818 lb) SSO Airbus Defence and Space  • NOSA  • Aurora Insight  • Eutelsat  • Spire Global Success
Small Satellites Mission Service (SSMS) piggyback mission.
VV19 17 August 2021
01:47 [72]		 Vega ELV Pléiades Neo 4  • BRO-4  • LEDSAT  • RADCUBE  • SUNSTORM 1,029 kg (2,269 lb) SSO Airbus Defence and Space  • UnseenLabs  • Sapienza University of Rome  • ESA  • C3S Hungary  • Reaktor Space Lab Success
Small Satellites Mission Service (SSMS) piggyback mission.
VV20 16 November 2021
09:27:55[73]		 Vega ELV CERES 1/2/3 1,548 kg (3,413 lb) Semi-synchronous orbit (SSO) – New orbit by Vega CNES  • DGA Success
SIGINT satellites.[74]

2022

Flight Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit Customers Launch
Outcome
VV21 13 July 2022
13:13:17[75]		 Vega-C ELV
  • LARES 2
  • ALPHA
  • AstroBio CubeSat
  • CELESTA
  • GreenCube
  • MTCube-2
  • TRISAT-R
 350 kg (770 lb) MEO Success
First flight of Vega-C
VV22 21 December 2022
01:47:31[76]		 Vega-C ELV Pléiades-Neo 5 • Pléiades-Neo 6 (VHR-2020 3/4) 1,977 kg (4,359 lb) SSO Airbus Defence and Space Failure
Earth observation satellites[77] Failure due to loss of pressure of the Zefiro 40 second stage.[78]

2023

Flight Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit Customers Launch
Outcome
VV23 9 October 2023
01:36[79]		 Vega ELV
SSO
Success
Earth observation satellites and Small Satellites Mission Service (SSMS) #5 rideshare mission with 10 cubesats. Two cubesats, ANSER-Leader and ESTCube-2, failed to separate from the payload adapter and likely burned in the atmosphere together with the adapter when it was deorbited.[80]

Future launches

2024

Date / time (UTC) [11] Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Orbit
September 2024[81] Vega ELV Sentinel-2C SSO
Third Sentinel-2 Earth observation satellite.[82] Final launch of the base Vega configuration.[83]
15 November 2024[84][85] Vega-C ELV Sentinel-1C SSO
Third Sentinel-1 satellite. Return to flight for Vega-C following the VV22 launch failure.[86]
December 2024[87] Vega-C ELV KOMPSAT-6 (Arirang-6) SSO
Earth observation satellite.
TBD[88] Vega-C ELV EAGLE-1 LEO
Demonstrator satellite for the first European sovereign space-based quantum key distribution system.
TBD[89] Vega-C ELV SSMS #8 SSO
SSMS #8 rideshare mission.
TBD[90] Vega-C ELV Sentinel-1D SSO
Fourth Sentinel-1 satellite.
TBD[91] Vega-C ELV BIOMASS SSO
Earth observation satellite. Part of the Living Planet Programme.
TBD[92] Vega-C ELV CSG-3 SSO
Second COSMO-SkyMed 2nd Generation satellite.
TBD[93] Vega ELV PLATiNO-1 SSO
Earth observation satellite.
TBD[89] Vega-C ELV SSMS #6 SSO
SSMS #6 rideshare mission.
TBD[89] Vega-C ELV SSMS #10 SSO
SSMS #10 rideshare mission.
TBD Vega-C ELV KOMPSAT-7 (Arirang-7) SSO
Earth observation satellite[94][95]

2025

Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Orbit
Q1 2025[96] Vega-C[90] ELV Sentinel-3C SSO
Third Sentinel-3 Earth observation satellite.[97]
Q1 2025[89] Vega-C ELV SSMS #9 LEO
SSMS #9 rideshare mission. Delayed due to the VV22 Vega-C launch failure.[86]
May 2025[98] Vega-C ELV SMILE HEO
Joint Chinese-European Earth observation satellite.
Q2 2025[89] Vega-C ELV SSMS #7 SSO
SSMS #7 rideshare mission.
Mid 2025[99] Vega-C ELV ALTIUS, FLEX SSO
ALTIUS is an ozone observation satellite. FLEX is an Earth observation satellite of the Living Planet Programme.
Q3 2025[100] Vega-C ELV Space Rider LEO
Technology demonstration[101]
Q3 2025[89] Vega-C ELV SSMS #13 SSO
SSMS #13 rideshare mission.
November 2025[102] Vega-C ELV PLATiNO-2 / MAIA SSO
PLATiNO-2 will host the MAIA instrument payload.
Q4 2025[103] Vega-C ELV IRIDE × ? LEO
First launch for the Italian IRIDE Earth observation satellite constellation.
Q4 2025[103] Vega-C ELV IRIDE × ? LEO
Second launch for the Italian IRIDE Earth observation satellite constellation.
2025[104] Vega-C ELV CO3D × 4 SSO
Earth observation satellites
2025[105] Vega-C ELV MicroCarb SSO
Earth observation satellite.
2025[106][107] Vega-C[108] ELV SHALOM SSO
Joint Italian-Israeli hyperspectral imaging satellite.

2026

Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Orbit
Q1 2026[96] Vega-C[90] ELV CO2M-A (Sentinel-7A) SSO
Copernicus Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Monitoring. Part of the Copernicus Programme.
Q2 2026[96] Vega-C[90] ELV CO2M-B (Sentinel-7B) SSO
Copernicus Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Monitoring. Part of the Copernicus Programme.
Q2 2026[89] Vega-C ELV SSMS #14 SSO
SSMS #14 rideshare mission.
Q3 2026[89] Vega-C ELV SSMS #15 LEO
SSMS #15 rideshare mission to an equatorial orbit.
Q3 2026[89] Vega-C ELV SSMS #16 LEO
SSMS #16 rideshare mission to an equatorial orbit.
2026[109] Vega-C ELV ClearSpace-1 LEO
Space debris removal demo.

2027

Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Orbit
Q2 2027[89] Vega-C ELV SSMS #17 LEO
SSMS #17 rideshare mission.
2027[110][111] Vega-C [112] ELV FORUM SSO
Earth observation satellite. Part of the Living Planet Programme.
2027[113] Vega-E ELV LEO
Maiden flight of Vega-E.

2028

Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Orbit
Q2 2028[89] Vega-C ELV SSMS #18 LEO
SSMS #18 rideshare mission.
Q4 2028[96] Vega-C[114] ELV CRISTAL (Sentinel-9) Polar
Copernicus Polar Ice and Snow Topography Altimeter. Part of the Copernicus Programme.
Q4 2028[89] Vega-C ELV SSMS #19 LEO
SSMS #19 rideshare mission.
2028[96] Vega-C[115] ELV Sentinel-3D SSO
Fourth Sentinel-3 Earth observation satellite.[97]

2029

Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Orbit
Q2 2029[89] Vega-C ELV SSMS #20 LEO
SSMS #20 rideshare mission.
Q3 2029[96] Vega-C[116] ELV CIMR-A (Sentinel-11A) SSO
Copernicus Imaging Microwave Radiometer. Part of the Copernicus Programme.
Q4 2029[89] Vega-C ELV SSMS #21 LEO
SSMS #21 rideshare mission.
2029[116] Vega-C ELV CHIME (Sentinel-10) SSO
Copernicus Hyperspectral Imaging Mission. Part of the Copernicus Programme.
2029[116] Vega-C ELV LSTM (Sentinel-8) SSO
Copernicus Land Surface Temperature Monitoring. Part of the Copernicus Programme.

2030

Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Orbit
2030[117] Vega-C ELV TRUTHS LEO
Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial- and Helio-Studies.

See also

Vega-C rocket model being displayed at a Paris show in 2015
Mock-up of Ariane 6 including four P120C boosters, which will also constitute Vega-C's first stage.

Notes

References

  1. ↑ "VV01 – Vega's first liftoff". ESA. 6 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  2. ↑ Avio. "Vega Satellite Launcher" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  3. ↑ Avio. "Avio Space". Archived from the original on 26 July 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  4. ↑ Wade, Mark. "Zefiro 23". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 28 December 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  5. ↑ Wade, Mark. "Zefiro 9". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 28 December 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  6. ↑ "Vega". ESA. 3 February 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
  7. ↑ Amos, Jonathan (13 February 2012). "Vega launcher makes first flight". BBC News. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  8. ↑ Tariq Malik (13 February 2012). "Europe Launches New Vega Rocket on Maiden Voyage". Space.com. Retrieved 29 May 2014. The Italian-built Vega rocket is named after the second-brightest star in the northern hemisphere
  9. ↑ Svitak, Amy (6 February 2012). "European Vega Small-Class Launcher Targets Government Market". Aviation Week. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
  10. ↑ Clark, Steven (14 February 2012). "Vega launcher program courts German participation". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Pietrobon, Steven (10 October 2018). "Ariane Launch Manifest". Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  12. ↑ "Vega Flight VV01". Arianespace. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  13. ↑ "SECOND VEGA LAUNCH FROM THE GUIANA SPACE CENTER (Press Kit)" (PDF). arianespace.com. Arianespace. May 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  14. ↑ VERTA is an acronym for Vega Research and Technology Accompaniment and designates Vega's missions aiming "to demonstrate the flexibility of the Vega launch system" VERTA framework includes four ESA missions (PROBA-V, ADM-Aeolus, LISA Pathfinder and IXV), but also some missions of National Agencies (like ASI). Source: ESA (20 November 2013) VERTA Programme ASI (2015) PRISMA Precursore IperSpettrale (Hyperspectral Precursor) of the application mission
  15. ↑ "Vega delivers three Satellites to Orbit to achieve second Success". Spaceflight101. 7 May 2013. Archived from the original on 15 January 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
  16. ↑ "THIRD VEGA LAUNCH FROM THE GUIANA SPACE CENTER (Press Kit)" (PDF). Arianespace. September 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  17. ↑ Greg Delaney (22 June 2012). "Kazakhstan to launch sastellite on new Arianespace Vega vehicle". kazakhstanlive.com. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  18. ↑ "February 2015 | VV04 | IXV (Press Kit)" (PDF). arianespace.com. Arianespace. September 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  19. ↑ Bergin, Chris (3 July 2014). "ESA's experimental space plane gearing up for November debut". NASASpaceflight. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  20. ↑ "The Spaceport keeps pace with Arianespace's busy mission cadence". Arianespace. 17 October 2014. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
  21. ↑ "ESA launch schedule". Retrieved 28 November 2014.
  22. ↑ "Vega to fly ESA experimental reentry vehicle". ESA. 29 March 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  23. ↑ "IXV – Intermediate Experimental Vehicle". spaceflight101. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  24. ↑ "June 2015 | VV05 | Sentinel-2A (Press Kit)" (PDF). arianespace.com. Arianespace. September 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  25. ↑ "Sentinel-2" Archived 30 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine ESA Retrieved 30 April 2014
  26. ↑ "Soyuz orbits Sentinel-1A on 7th successful launch from French Guiana". CNES. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
  27. ↑ "Vega milestones". Arianespace. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  28. ↑ "ESA books Eurockot Launch for Sentinel-5p Satellite". Eurockot Launch Services. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
  29. ↑ "December 2015 | VV06 | LISA Pathfinder (Press Kit)" (PDF). arianespace.com. Arianespace. November 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  30. ↑ "LISA Pathfinder overview". ESA. 10 January 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  31. ↑ "LISA Pathfinder enroute to gravitational wave demonstration". ESA. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  32. ↑ Arianespace (September 2016). "Launch Kt | September 2016 | VV07 | PerúSAT-1 SkySats-4 to 7" (PDF). arianespace.com. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  33. ↑ de Selding, Peter B. (25 March 2015). "Vega To Launch Peruvian Imaging Satellite Along with Skybox Craft". SpaceNews. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  34. ↑ "Vega To Launch Skybox Satellites". SpaceNews. 17 March 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  35. ↑ Arianespace (November 2016). "Launch Kit | December 2016 | VV08 | GÖKTÜRK-1" (PDF). arianespace.com. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  36. ↑ "Arianespace's Vega scores its eighth success in orbiting GÖKTÜRK-1 for Turkey". Arinespace. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  37. ↑ Arianespace (February 2017). "Launch Kit | March 2017 | VV09 | Sentinel-2B" (PDF). arianespace.com. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  38. ↑ "Project main steps". cnes.fr. CNES. Archived from the original on 19 October 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  39. ↑ "Arianespace to launch OPTSAT 3000 and VENµS satellites". Arianespace. 19 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  40. ↑ Arianespace (July 2017). "Launch Kit | August 2017 | VV10 | OPTSAT-3000 Venμs" (PDF). arianespace.com. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  41. ↑ Clark, Stephen (2 August 2017). "Vega launcher achieves on-target deployment of Earth-imaging satellites". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  42. ↑ Arianespace (October 2017). "Launch Kit | November 2017 | V11 | MOHAMMED VI – A satellite" (PDF). arianespace.com. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  43. ↑ "Vega VV11 • MN35-A". Spaceflight101. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  44. ↑ ESA Operations [@esaoperations] (22 August 2018). "Exact #Vega liftoff time of flight #VV12 with #Aeolus is confirmed as 21:20:09.478Z" (Tweet). Retrieved 23 August 2018 – via Twitter.
  45. ↑ "Launch Schedule". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
  46. ↑ "Wind laser survives extremes" ESA Retrieved 29 April 2014
  47. ↑ de Selding, Peter B. (22 May 2015). "Cost, Schedule Woes on 2 Lidar Missions Push ESA To Change Contract Procedures". SpaceNews. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  48. ↑ Arianespace (August 2018). "Launch Kit | August 2018 | VV12 | AEOLUS" (PDF). arianespace.com. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  49. 1 2 "Arianespace orbits the MOHAMMED VI–B satellite on 13th successful Vega launch in a row" (Press release). Arianespace. 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  50. ↑ Arianespace (November 2018). "Launch Kit | November 2018 | VV13 | MOHAMMED VI – B satellite" (PDF). arianespace.com. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  51. ↑ Arianespace [@Arianespace] (21 March 2019). "Arianespace's first Vega flight in 2019 – and third overall this year – lifts off today from the Spaceport in French Guiana" (Tweet). Retrieved 21 March 2019 – via Twitter.
  52. ↑ ASI. "PRISMA Launch Date". Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  53. ↑ Arianespace (March 2019). "LAUNCH KIT March 2019 VV14 PRISMA" (PDF). arianespace.com. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  54. ↑ Bergin, Chris (10 July 2019). "Vega suffers her first failure during Falcon Eye-1 launch". nasaspaceflight.com. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  55. ↑ "Arianespace Flight VV15: Mission failure".
  56. ↑ "Vega flight VV15: findings of the Independent Inquiry Commission's investigations". European Space Agency. 5 September 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
  57. ↑ Henry, Caleb (13 January 2020). "UAE's Falcon Eye 2 satellite switched from Vega to Soyuz". SpaceNews. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  58. ↑ Foust, Jeff (1 December 2020). "Soyuz launches Falcon Eye 2 satellite for UAE". SpaceNews. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  59. ↑ Cohn, Carolyn; Sims, Tom; Hussain, Noor (31 July 2019). "Space insurance costs to rocket after satellite crash". Reuters. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  60. ↑ "Launch Schedule". Spaceflight Now. 2 September 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  61. ↑ Arianespace (2 May 2018). "Arianespace and D-Orbit sign contract to launch ION Cubesat Carrier on Vega SSMS PoC Flight". Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  62. ↑ Arianespace (17 April 2018). "Arianespace and Spaceflight sign contract to launch small satellites on Vega SSMS PoC Flight". Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  63. ↑ "Arianespace to launch the first STRIVING small satellite for SITAEL on Vega's SSMS PoC Flight". Arianespace. 3 May 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  64. ↑ Arianespace (31 May 2018). "Arianespace and ISIS to launch small satellites on the Vega SSMS PoC Flight". Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  65. ↑ "LAUNCH KIT June 2020 VV16 SSMS PoC Flight" (PDF). arianespace.com. Arianespace. June 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  66. ↑ "Vega flight opportunity for multiple small satellites". ESA. 22 February 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
  67. ↑ "Launch Schedule". Spaceflight Now. 14 November 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  68. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Ingenio". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  69. ↑ "Taranis". CNES. 29 June 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  70. 1 2 3 "Arianespace traces cause of Vega launch failure to "human error"". Spaceflight Now. 17 November 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  71. ↑ "18th Vega mission marks Arianespace's second successful launch in 72 hours". Arianespace. 29 April 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  72. ↑ "19th Vega mission demonstrates Arianespace's ability to deliver for the most innovative projects for the benefits of its clients". Arianespace. 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  73. ↑ "VV20: Arianespace's Vega launcher successfully orbits three CERES satellites". Arianespace (Press release). 16 November 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  74. ↑ "Building on its 2016 successes, Arianespace looks to the future with confidence at the service of its customers" (Press release). Arianespace. 4 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  75. ↑ Atkinson, Ian (13 July 2022). "ESA launches upgraded Vega-C rocket on first mission". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  76. ↑ Clark, Stephen (21 December 2022). "Two Pléiades Neo Earth-imaging satellites lost in failure of Europe's Vega C rocket". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  77. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Pléiades-Neo 1, 2, 3, 4 (VHR-2020 1, 2, 3, 4)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  78. ↑ Foust, Jeff (3 March 2023). "Nozzle erosion blamed for Vega C launch failure". SpaceNews. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  79. ↑ "Flight VV23: success to the benefit of Thaland, Taiwan and cubesats". Arianespace (Press release). 9 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  80. ↑ Parsonson, Andrew (16 October 2023). "Two Vega VV23 Payloads Failed to Deploy". European Spaceflight. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  81. ↑ Foust, Jeff (14 December 2023). "Final Vega launch delayed because of upper stage tank problem". SpaceNews. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  82. ↑ "Gearing up for third Sentinel-2 satellite". ESA. 9 August 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  83. ↑ Parsonson, Andrew (4 December 2023). "The Case of the Missing Vega AVUM Propellant Tanks". European Spaceflight. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
  84. ↑ Parsonson, Andrew (11 January 2024). "ESA Targets 15 November for Vega C Return to Flight Mission". European Spaceflight. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  85. ↑ Parsonson, Andrew (11 January 2024). "ESA Targets 15 November for Vega C Return to Flight Mission". European Spaceflight. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  86. 1 2 Foust, Jeff (3 March 2023). "Nozzle erosion blamed for Vega C launch failure". SpaceNews. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  87. ↑ "Arianespace will launch Kompsat-6 with Vega C for Korea Aerospace Research Institute". Arianespace (Press release). 31 May 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
  88. ↑ "SES Selects Arianespace to Launch EAGLE-1 Satellite for Europe's Quantum Cryptography". Arianespace (Press release). 9 November 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
  89. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "All flights opportunities". Arianespace. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  90. 1 2 3 4 "Arianespace supporting the European Union's Copernicus programme with Vega C". Arianespace (Press release). 29 November 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
  91. ↑ "Bye-Bye Biomass: forest monitoring satellite departs for final testing before launch". Airbus. 2 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  92. ↑ "COSMO-SKYMED". ASI. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  93. ↑ "Arianespace to launch PLATiNO 1 & 2 on Vega and Vega C". Arianespace (Press release). 6 January 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  94. ↑ "Arianespace to launch KOMPSAT-7 for the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) using a Vega-C launch vehicle". Arianespace. 12 September 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  95. ↑ "CEOS EO HANDBOOK – MISSION SUMMARY - KOMPSAT-7". The CEOS Database. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  96. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Planned launches". EUMETSAT. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  97. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter (7 July 2020). "Sentinel 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  98. ↑ "China Space International Cooperation：Future Plans and Prospects" (PDF). CNSA. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  99. ↑ "Arianespace to launch with Vega C FLEX & ALTIUS, two ESA programmes at the service of environment". Arianespace (Press release). 11 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  100. ↑ Richards, Bella (26 August 2023). "ESA's Space Rider likely to launch third quarter of 2025, program manager says". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  101. ↑ Messier, Doug (12 April 2018). "Announcement of Opportunity to Fly Payloads on ESA's Space Rider". Parabolic Arc. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  102. ↑ "NASA's Earth System Science Pathfinder Program" (PDF). NASA. 5 September 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  103. 1 2 "Arianespace awarded new Vega C launches for the IRIDE programme". Arianespace (Press release). 14 March 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  104. ↑ "CO3D". CNES (in French). 16 October 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
  105. ↑ "MicroCarb". CNES. 19 April 2023. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
  106. ↑ "Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Annual Report 2020" (PDF). ASI. 30 August 2021. p. 31. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  107. ↑ "Piano Triennale delle Attività 2021-2023" [Three-year Plan of Activities 2021-2023] (PDF). ASI (in Italian). 10 March 2021. p. 50. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  108. ↑ "Dal 2022 in orbita il satellite dalla super-vista" [Hyperspectral satellite to orbit in 2022]. ANSA (in Italian). 3 July 2019. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  109. ↑ Rainbow, Jason (19 January 2023). "ClearSpace raises $29 million ahead of first debris removal mission". SpaceNews. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  110. ↑ "Contract secures design for ESA's FORUM satellite". ESA. 28 June 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  111. ↑ Status of the Current and Future ESA Earth Observation Missions and Programmes. CGMS-49. ESA. 14 May 2021. pp. 33–37. Retrieved 27 August 2021 – via the Internet Archive.
  112. ↑ "Earth Explorer 9 Candidate Mission FORUM – Report for Mission Selection" (PDF). ESA. 21 June 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
  113. ↑ "2023 half-year financial report" (PDF). Avio. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  114. ↑ Parsonson, Andrew (23 September 2020). "Airbus signs $350 million contract to build CRISTAL ice-monitoring satellite for EU". SpaceNews. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
  115. ↑ Henry, Caleb (10 February 2016). "ESA Awards Sentinel 3C and D Satellite Contracts to Thales Alenia Space". Via Satellite. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  116. 1 2 3 Parsonson, Andrew (13 November 2020). "ESA signs a trio of Copernicus contracts worth 1.3 billion euros". SpaceNews. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
  117. ↑ "TRUTHS". ESA. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.