This is the list of the birds of New Zealand. The common name of the bird in New Zealand English is given first, and its Māori-language name, if different, is also noted.

The North Island and South Island are the two largest islands of New Zealand. Stewart Island is the largest of the smaller islands. New Zealand proper also includes outlying islands such as the Chatham Islands, Kermadec Islands, and New Zealand Subantarctic Islands. Only New Zealand proper is represented on this list, not the Realm of New Zealand. For birds in the associated states or dependent territories, see List of birds of the Cook Islands, List of birds of Niue, List of birds of Tokelau, and List of birds of Antarctica.

Unless otherwise noted, all species listed below occur regularly in New Zealand as permanent residents, summer or winter visitors, or migrants. The species marked extinct became extinct subsequent to human arrival in New Zealand. About two thirds of the extinctions occurred after the arrival of Māori but before the arrival of Pākehā (European New Zealanders) and the rest since Pākehā arrived.

The following codes are used to denote other categories of species:

  • (B) Breeding – confirmed nesting records in New Zealand or a portion thereof, excluding introduced species.
  • (I) Introduced – a species introduced to New Zealand by the actions of humans, either directly or indirectly
  • (X) Extinct – a species that became extinct after human arrival in New Zealand
  • (ex) Extirpated – a species no longer found in New Zealand or a portion thereof but existing elsewhere
  • (P) – a regularly occurring in New Zealand or a portion thereof. The species occurs on an annual or mostly annual basis but does not nest in New Zealand.
  • (V) Vagrant – a species rarely occurring in New Zealand or a portion thereof.

The list's taxonomic treatment and nomenclature (common and scientific names) mainly follows the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition.[1] Some supplemental referencing is that of the Avibase Bird Checklists of the World[2] as of 2022, and the 4th edition of the Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, published in 2010 by Te Papa Press in association with the Ornithological Society of New Zealand, which is an authoritative list of the birds of New Zealand.[3]

Location of the Realm of New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean and Antarctica.

Kiwi

Order: Apterygiformes   Family: Apterygidae

Kiwi are flightless birds all native to New Zealand. Approximately the size of a domestic chicken, kiwi are by far the smallest ratites.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Southern brown kiwi
(Māori: tokoeka)
Apteryx australis
BB
Okarito kiwi
(Māori: rowi)
Apteryx rowi
B
North Island brown kiwi
Apteryx mantelli
B
Little spotted kiwi
(Māori: kiwi pukupuku)
Apteryx owenii
BB
Great spotted kiwi
(Māori: roroa)
Apteryx haastii
B

Giant moa

Order: Dinornithiformes   Family: Dinornithidae

The giant moa (Dinornis) is an extinct genus of birds belonging to the moa family. As with other moa, it was a member of the order Dinornithiformes. It was endemic to New Zealand. Two species of Dinornis are considered valid, the North Island giant moa (Dinornis novaezealandiae) and the South Island giant moa (Dinornis robustus). In addition, two further species (new lineage A and lineage B) have been suggested based on distinct DNA lineages.[4]

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
North Island giant moa
Dinornis novaezealandiae
X
South Island giant moa
Dinornis robustus
XX

Lesser moa

Order: Dinornithiformes   Family: Emeidae

The lesser moa (family Emeidae) were a family of moa. The moa were ratites from New Zealand. About two-thirds of all moa species are in the lesser moa family.[5]

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Bush moa
Anomalopteryx didiformis
XX
Eastern moa
Emeus crassus
X
Broad-billed moa
Euryapteryx curtus
XX
Heavy-footed moa
Pachyornis elephantopus
XX
Mantell's moa
Pachyornis geranoides
X
Crested moa
Pachyornis australis
X

Upland moa

Order: Dinornithiformes   Family: Megalapterygidae

The upland moa (Megalapteryx didinus) was a species of moa endemic to New Zealand. It was a ratite, a grouping of flightless birds with no keel on the sternum. It was the last moa species to become extinct, vanishing in 1445 CE, and was predominantly found in alpine and sub-alpine environments.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Upland moa
Megalapteryx didinus
X

Ducks, geese, and swans

Order: Anseriformes   Family: Anatidae

The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These are adapted for an aquatic existence, with webbed feet, bills that are flattened to a greater or lesser extent, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils. The Cape Barren goose is also recorded as an escape from captivity in New Zealand which has bred, as well as being a vagrant from Australia as set out in the table below.[6]

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Plumed whistling-duck
Dendrocygna eytoni
VVV
Greylag goose
Anser anser
III
Canada goose
Branta canadensis
VIIVV
Cape Barren goose
Cereopsis novahollandiae
VV
North Island goose
Cnemiornis gracilis
X
South Island goose
Cnemiornis calcitrans
X
Mute swan
Cygnus olor
II
Black swan
Cygnus atratus
I[lower-alpha 1]II
New Zealand swan
(Māori: poūwa)
Cygnus sumnerensis
X X
Australian shelduck
Tadorna tadornoides
VVVVVVVV
Paradise shelduck
(Māori: pūtangitangi)
Tadorna variegata
VBBBV
Australian wood duck
Chenonetta jubata
VV
Finsch's duck
Chenonetta finschi
XX
Blue duck
(Māori: whio)
Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos
BB
Australasian shoveler
(Māori: kuruwhengi)
Spatula rhynchotis
BBVVVV
Northern shoveler
Spatula clypeata
VV
Pacific black duck or grey duck
(Māori: pārera)
Anas superciliosa
exBBVVexexex
Chatham duck
Anas chathamica
X
Mallard
Anas platyrhynchos
IIIIIIII
Northern pintail
Anas acuta
V
Grey teal
(Māori: tētē)
Anas gracilis
BBVVVVV
Chestnut teal
Anas castanea
VV
Auckland teal
Anas aucklandica
B
Campbell teal
Anas nesiotis
B
Brown teal
(Māori: pāteke)
Anas chlorotis
BBexex
Scarlett's duck
Malacorhynchus scarletti
XXX
Pink-eared duck
Malacorhynchus membranaceus
V
Hardhead
Aythya australis
VVV
New Zealand scaup
(Māori: pāpango)
Aythya novaeseelandiae
BBexex
New Zealand musk duck
Biziura delautouri
XX
New Zealand merganser
Mergus australis
XXXX
Chatham merganser
Mergus milleneri
X
New Zealand stiff-tailed duck
Oxyura vantetsi
XX

Guineafowl

Order: Galliformes   Family: Numididae

The guineafowl are a family of birds native to Africa. They typically eat insects and seeds, are ground-nesting, and resemble partridges, except with featherless heads.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Helmeted guineafowl
Numida meleagris
III

New World quail

Order: Galliformes   Family: Odontophoridae

The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
California quail
Callipepla californica
III

Megapodes

Order: Galliformes   Family: Megapodiidae

The megapodes are stocky, medium-large, chicken-like birds with small heads and large feet. Their name literally means "large foot" and is a reference to the heavy legs and feet typical of these terrestrial birds. All are browsers, and all but the malleefowl occupy wooded habitats.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Kermadec megapode
Megapodius sp. nov. 'Raoul Island'
X[7][8]

Pheasants and allies

Order: Galliformes   Family: Phasianidae

Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump, with broad, relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Indian peafowl
Pavo cristatus
II
Brown quail
Synoicus ypsilophorus
I
New Zealand quail
(Māori: koreke)
Coturnix novaezelandiae
XX
Chukar partridge
Alectoris chukar
I
Red-legged partridge
Alectoris rufa
II
Red junglefowl
Gallus gallus
I
Common pheasant
Phasianus colchicus
II
Wild turkey
Meleagris gallopavo
II

Grebes

Order: Podicipediformes   Family: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Australasian grebe
Tachybaptus novaehollandiae
BP
Hoary-headed grebe
Poliocephalus poliocephalus
VVVV
New Zealand grebe
Poliocephalus rufopectus
BV
Great crested grebe
Podiceps cristatus
VB

Pigeons and doves

Order: Columbiformes   Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Rock dove
Columba livia
IIIVVV
African collared dove
Streptopelia roseogrisea
II
Spotted dove
Streptopelia chinensis
I
Rose-crowned fruit dove
Ptilinopus regina
V
Kererū or New Zealand pigeon
Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae
BBB
Chatham pigeon
(Māori: parea)
Hemiphaga chathamensis
B

Cuckoos

Order: Cuculiformes   Family: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Pacific long-tailed cuckoo
(Māori: koekoeā)
Urodynamis taitensis
PBBPPP
Channel-billed cuckoo
Scythrops novaehollandiae
VV
Shining bronze-cuckoo
(Māori: pīpīwharauroa)
Chrysococcyx lucidus
PBBBBPP
Pallid cuckoo
Cacomantis pallidus
VV
Fan-tailed cuckoo
Cacomantis flabelliformis
VV
Oriental cuckoo
Cuculus optatus
VVVVV

Owlet-nightjars

Order: Caprimulgiformes   Family: Aegothelidae

The owlet-nightjars are a distinctive group of small nocturnal birds related to swifts found from the Maluku Islands and New Guinea to Australia and New Caledonia.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
New Zealand owlet-nightjar
Aegotheles novaezealandiae
XX

Swifts

Order: Caprimulgiformes   Family: Apodidae

Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
White-throated needletail
Hirandapus caudacutus
PPPPPP
Pacific swift
Apus pacificus
VVVV

Adzebills

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Aptornithidae

The adzebills, genus Aptornis, were two closely related bird species of the extinct family Aptornithidae.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
North Island adzebill
Aptornis otidiformis
X
South Island adzebill
Aptornis defossor
X

Rails

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. The most typical family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Corn crake
Crex crex
V
Auckland rail
Lewinia muelleri
B
Weka
Gallirallus australis
BBBI
Buff-banded rail
Gallirallus philippensis
BBB
Chatham rail
Cabalus modestus
X
Dieffenbach's rail
Hypotaenidia dieffenbachii
X
Snipe-rail
Capellirallus karamu
X
Hawkins's rail
Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi
X
Black-tailed nativehen
Tribonyx ventralis
VV
Hodgens' waterhen
Tribonyx hodgenorum
XX
Australian crake
Porzana fluminea
V
Eurasian moorhen
Gallinula chloropus
V
Dusky moorhen
Gallinula tenebrosa
V
New Zealand coot
Fulica prisca
XX
Eurasian coot
Fulica atra
BB
Chatham coot
Fulica chathamensis
X
North Island takahē
Porphyrio mantelli
X
South Island takahē
Porphyrio hochstetteri
B
Australasian swamphen or pūkeko
(Māori: pūkeko)
Porphyrio melanotus
I[lower-alpha 2]IIIIV
Marsh crake
Zapornia pusilla
BBBB
Spotless crake
Zapornia tabuensis
BBBex

Cranes

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Brolga
Antigone rubicunda
VV

Stilts and avocets

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Pied stilt
(Māori: poaka)
Himantopus leucocephalus
BBB
Black stilt
(Māori: kakī)
Himantopus novaezelandiae
PB
Red-necked avocet
Recurvirostra novaehollandiae
VV

Oystercatchers

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large, obvious and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prying open molluscs.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
South Island oystercatcher
(Māori: tōrea)
Haematopus finschi
VPBPVVVV
Chatham oystercatcher
Haematopus chathamensis
B
Variable oystercatcher
(Māori: tōrea pango)
Haematopus unicolor
BBB

Plovers and lapwings

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Grey plover
Pluvialis squatarola
VVVV
American golden plover
Pluvialis dominica
V
Pacific golden plover
Pluvialis fulva
PPPPPV
Masked lapwing or spur-wing plover
Vanellus miles
VBBBBVVVV
New Zealand dotterel
(Māori: tūturiwhatu, pukunui, kūkuruatu)
Charadrius obscurus
BBP
Lesser sand plover
Charadrius mongolus
PPV
Greater sand plover
Charadrius leschenaulti
PP
Double-banded plover
Charadrius bicinctus
VBBBBBP
Red-capped plover
Charadrius ruficapillus
VV
Common ringed plover
Charadrius hiaticula
V
Semipalmated plover
Charadrius semipalmatus
V
Oriental plover
Charadrius veredus
VVVV
Red-kneed dotterel
Erythrogonys cinctus
V
Shore plover
(Māori: tuturuatu)
Thinornis novaeseelandiae
BBBB
Black-fronted dotterel
Elseyornis melanops
BB
Wrybill
(Māori: ngutu parore)
Anarhynchus frontalis
PB

Painted-snipes

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Rostratulidae

Painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Greater painted-snipe
Rostratula benghalensis
V
Australian painted-snipe
Rostratula australis
V

Sandpipers and allies

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Scolopacidae

The Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Upland sandpiper
Bartramia longicauda
V
Bristle-thighed curlew
Numenius tahitiensis
V
Eurasian whimbrel
Numenius phaeopus
VPPV
Little curlew
Numenius minutus
PP
Far Eastern curlew
Numenius madagascarensis
VPPVVV
Bar-tailed godwit
Limosa lapponica
PP
Black-tailed godwit
Limosa limosa
PPPV
Hudsonian godwit
Limosa haemastica
PPPV
Ruddy turnstone
Arenaria interpres
VPPPPVPVV
Great knot
Calidris tenuirostris
PP
Red knot
(Māori: huahou)
Calidris canutus
VPPPVV
Ruff
Calidris pugnax
V
Broad-billed sandpiper
Calidris falcinellus
VV
Sharp-tailed sandpiper
Calidris acuminata
VPPPPVV
Stilt sandpiper
Calidris himantopus
V
Curlew sandpiper
Calidris ferruginea
PPVV
Long-toed stint
Calidris subminuta
V
Red-necked stint
Calidris ruficollis
PPVV
Sanderling
Calidris alba
PPV
Dunlin
Calidris alpina
V
Baird's sandpiper
Calidris bairdii
V
Little stint
Calidris minuta
V
Least sandpiper
Calidris minutilla
V
White-rumped sandpiper
Calidris fuscicollis
V
Buff-breasted sandpiper
Calidris subruficollis
V
Pectoral sandpiper
Calidris melanotos
PPV
Western sandpiper
Calidris mauri
VV
Asian dowitcher
Limnodromus semipalmatus
VV
North Island snipe
Coenocorypha barrierensis
X
South Island snipe
Coenocorypha iredalei
XX
Chatham snipe
Coenocorypha pusilla
B
Forbes's snipe
Coenocorypha chathamica
X
Snares snipe
Coenocorypha huegeli
B
Subantarctic snipe
Coenocorypha aucklandica
BBB
Latham's snipe
Gallinago hardwickii
VVVV
Terek sandpiper
Xenus cinereus
VV
Wilson's phalarope
Phalaropus tricolor
VV
Red-necked phalarope
Phalaropus lobatus
VV
Red phalarope
Phalaropus fulicarius
VV
Common sandpiper
Actitis hypoleucos
VVV
Grey-tailed tattler
Tringa brevipes
VPPVVV
Wandering tattler
Tringa incana
VPPVV
Common greenshank
Tringa nebularia
PPVVV
Lesser yellowlegs
Tringa flavipes
VVV
Marsh sandpiper
Tringa stagnatilis
PPP

Pratincoles and coursers

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Glareolidae

Pratincoles have short legs, very long pointed wings and long forked tails. Their most unusual feature for birds classed as waders is that they typically hunt their insect prey on the wing like swallows, although they can also feed on the ground. Their short bills are an adaptation to aerial feeding.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Oriental pratincole
Glareola maldivarum
VVVV

Skuas

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Stercorariidae

They are in general medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy cere above the upper mandible. They are strong, acrobatic fliers.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
South polar skua
Stercorarius maccormicki
VVVVVVVVVV
Brown skua
Stercorarius antarcticus
PPBBBBBBBP
Pomarine jaeger
Stercorarius pomarinus
PPP
Parasitic jaeger
Stercorarius parasiticus
VPPPV
Long-tailed jaeger
Stercorarius longicaudus
PPP

Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns, kittiwakes and skimmers. They are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Black-billed gull
Chroicocephalus bulleri
BB
Silver gull
Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae
BBBBBBB
Laughing gull
Leucophaeus atricilla
V
Franklin's gull
Leucophaeus pipixcan
VVV
Pacific gull
Larus pacificus
V
Kelp gull
(Māori: karoro}
Larus dominicanus
VBBBBBBBBB
Brown noddy
Anous stolidus
BV
Black noddy
Anous minutus
BV
Grey noddy
Anous albivitta
BPP
Blue noddy
Anous ceruleus
PVV
White tern
Gygis alba
BVV
Sooty tern
Onychoprion fuscatus
BV
Spectacled tern
Onychoprion lunatus
V
Bridled tern
Onychoprion anaethetus
V
Little tern
Sternula albifrons
VPPV
Fairy tern
Sternula nereis
Bex
Gull-billed tern
Gelochelidon nilotica
PP
Caspian tern
(Māori: taranui)
Hydroprogne caspia
VPPV
Black tern
Chlidonias niger
V
White-winged tern
Chlidonias leucopterus
PP
Whiskered tern
Chlidonias hybrida
VV
Black-fronted tern
(Māori: tarapiroe)
Chlidonias albostriatus
PB
White-fronted tern
Sterna striata
BBBBBB
Black-naped tern
Sterna sumatrana
V
Common tern
Sterna hirundo
PP
Arctic tern
Sterna paradisaea
VVVVVVVV
Antarctic tern
Sterna vittata
VPBVBBBBB
Greater crested tern
Thalasseus bergii
VVV

Tropicbirds

Order: Phaethontiformes   Family: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their long wings have black markings, as does the head.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
White-tailed tropicbird
Phaethon lepturus
V
Red-tailed tropicbird
(Māori: amokura)
Phaethon rubricauda
BP

Penguins

Order: Sphenisciformes   Family: Spheniscidae

The penguins are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid, and other forms of sealife caught while swimming underwater.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
King penguin
Aptenodytes patagonicus
VVVVVVV
Emperor penguin
Aptenodytes forsteri
VV
Adélie penguin
Pygoscelis adeliae
V
Chinstrap penguin
Pygoscelis antarcticus
VVV
Gentoo penguin
Pygoscelis papua
VVVV
Little penguin
(Māori: kororā)
Eudyptula minor
BBBBV
Australian little penguin
Eudyptula novaehollandiae
I[lower-alpha 3]
Yellow-eyed penguin
(Māori: hoiho)
Megadyptes antipodes
VI[lower-alpha 4]Iex[lower-alpha 5]VBB
Waitaha penguin
Megadyptes waitaha
XX
Magellanic penguin
Spheniscus magellanicus
VV
Fiordland penguin
(Māori: tawaki, pokotiwha)
Eudyptes pachyrhynchus
VBBVVV
Snares penguin
Eudyptes robustus
VVVVBVVV
Erect-crested penguin
Eudyptes sclateri
VVVVVVVBB
Southern rockhopper penguin
Eudyptes chrysocome
V
Northern rockhopper penguin
Eudyptes moseleyi
VV
Royal penguin
Eudyptes schlegeli
VVVVVV
Macaroni penguin
Eudyptes chrysolophus
VV
Chatham penguin
Eudyptes warhami
X

Albatrosses

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Diomedeidae

The albatrosses are a family of large seabird found across the Southern and North Pacific Oceans. The largest are among the largest flying birds in the world.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Indian yellow-nosed albatross
Thalassarche carteri
PPPP
Grey-headed albatross
Thalassarche chrysostoma
PPPPPPPBPP
Buller's albatross
Thalassarche bulleri
PPBPBBPPPP
Shy albatross
Thalassarche cauta
PPPPBPBPBP
Salvin's albatross
Thalassarche salvini
PPPPPBPPPB
Chatham albatross
Thalassarche eremita
PPPPBPPPP
Black-browed albatross
Thalassarche melanophris
PPPPPBPBBP
Sooty albatross
Phoebetria fusca
VVVV
Light-mantled albatross
Phoebetria palpebrata
PPPPPBBBP
Southern royal albatross
Diomedea epomophora
B B B
Northern royal albatross
Diomedea sanfordi
B B B
Wandering albatross
Diomedea exulans
P
Laysan albatross
Phoebastria immutabilis
V
Black-footed albatross
Phoebastria nigripes
V

Austral storm petrels

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Oceanitidae

The southern storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. Their flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Wilson's storm petrel
Oceanites oceanicus
P
Grey-backed storm petrel
Garrodia nereis
PPPBPBPBP
White-faced storm petrel
Pelagodroma marina
BBBBBPBPPP
White-bellied storm petrel
Fregetta grallaria
BV
New Zealand storm petrel
Fregetta maoriana
B
Black-bellied storm petrel
Fregetta tropica
PPPPPPBPBB

Northern storm petrels

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Hydrobatidae

Northern storm-petrels are small birds which spend most of their lives at sea, coming ashore only to breed. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering or pattering across the water. Their flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Leach's storm petrel
Hydrobates leucorhous
VV
Swinhoe's storm petrel
Hydrobates monorhis
V

Petrels and shearwaters

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium nasal septum, and a long outer functional primary flight feather.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Southern giant petrel
Macronectes giganteus
P
Northern giant petrel
Macronectes halli
PPPBPBBB
Northern fulmar
Fulmarus glacialis
V
Southern fulmar
Fulmarus glacialoides
P
Antarctic petrel
Thalassoica antarctica
V
Cape petrel
Daption capense
PPPBBBBBB
Snow petrel
Pagodroma nivea
V
Kerguelen petrel
Aphrodroma brevirostris
PPPPPPPPP
Great-winged petrel
Pterodroma macroptera
PP
Grey-faced petrel
Pterodroma gouldi
PBPPPPPPPP
Kermadec petrel
Pterodroma neglecta
BVV
Magenta petrel
Pterodroma magentae
B
Herald petrel
Pterodroma heraldica
V
Providence petrel
Pterodroma solandri
VVV
Soft-plumaged petrel
Pterodroma mollis
PPPBPPPBP
White-headed petrel
Pterodroma lessonii
PPPPPBB?BP
Mottled petrel
Pterodroma inexpectata
PPBBPBPPPP
Juan Fernández petrel
Pterodroma externa
VVVV
White-necked petrel
Pterodroma cervicalis
BPPP
Black-winged petrel
Pterodroma nigripennis
BBPBPPPP
Chatham petrel
Pterodroma axillaris
B
Cook's petrel
Pterodroma cookii
PBPBPPPPPP
Gould's petrel
Pterodroma leucoptera
PV
Collared petrel
Pterodroma brevipes
V
Stejneger's petrel
Pterodroma longirostris
VV
Pycroft's petrel
Pterodroma pycrofti
VBV
Phoenix petrel
Pterodroma alba
V
Imber's petrel
Pterodroma imberi
X
SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Blue petrel
Halobaena caerulea
P
Fairy prion
Pachyptila turtur
PBBBBBBBBP
Broad-billed prion
Pachyptila vittata
PPBBBBPPPP
Salvin's prion
Pachyptila salvini
P
Antarctic prion
Pachyptila desolata
PPPPPPBBPP
Slender-billed prion
Pachyptila belcheri
P
Fulmar prion
Pachyptila crassirostris
PPPPBBBPPB
Bulwer's petrel
Bulweria bulwerii
V
Tahiti petrel
Pseudobulweria rostrata
V
Grey petrel
Procellaria cinerea
PPPPPPPBBP
White-chinned petrel
Procellaria aequinoctialis
PPPPPPBBBP
Black petrel
Procellaria parkinsoni
PBPP
Westland petrel
Procellaria westlandica
PPBPPPPPPP
Streaked shearwater
Calonectris leucomelas
V
Cory's shearwater
Calonectris borealis
V[9]
Pink-footed shearwater
Ardenna creatopus
V
Flesh-footed shearwater
Ardenna carneipes
PBPP
Great shearwater
Ardenna gravis
VVV
Wedge-tailed shearwater
Ardenna pacifica
BP
Buller's shearwater
Ardenna bulleri
PBPPPP
Sooty shearwater
(Māori: tītī)
Ardenna grisea
PBBBBBBBBP
Short-tailed shearwater
Ardenna tenuirostris
P
Christmas shearwater
Puffinus nativitatis
VV
Manx shearwater
Puffinus puffinus
V
Hutton's shearwater
Puffinus huttoni
PBPP
Newell's shearwater
Puffinus newelli
V
Fluttering shearwater
Puffinus gavia
PBPPPP
Scarlett's shearwater
Puffinus spelaeus
X
Little shearwater
Puffinus assimilis
BBP
Subantarctic shearwater
Puffinus elegans
PPPBPPBPP
Common diving petrel
Pelecanoides urinatrix
BBBBBBBB
South Georgia diving petrel
Pelecanoides georgicus
Bexex

Frigatebirds

Order: Suliformes   Family: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white, or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Lesser frigatebird
Fregata ariel
VVV
Great frigatebird
Fregata minor
VV

Boobies and gannets

Order: Suliformes   Family: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Masked booby
Sula dactylatra
BV
Brown booby
Sula leucogaster
PPPV
Red-footed booby
Sula sula
V
Cape gannet
Morus capensis
V
Australasian gannet or tākapu
Morus serrator
BBPPPPP

Darters

Order: Suliformes   Family: Anhingidae

Anhingas or darters are frequently referred to as "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have a much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet, and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Australasian darter
Anhinga novaehollandiae
VV

Cormorants and shags

Order: Suliformes   Family: Phalacrocoracidae

The Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium-to-large coastal, fish-eating sea-birds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black and white, and a few being colourful. The bill is long, thin and sharply hooked.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Little pied cormorant
(Māori: kawaupaka)
Microcarbo melanoleucos
BBBVVVV
Great cormorant
(Māori: kawau)
Phalacrocorax carbo
BBBVVV
Spotted shag
Phalacrocorax punctatus
BB
Pitt shag
Phalacrocorax featherstoni
B
Little black cormorant
Phalacrocorax sulcirostris
BBVV
Australian pied cormorant
(Māori: kāruhiruhi)
Phalacrocorax varius
BB
Bounty shag
Leucocarbo ranfurlyi
VB
New Zealand king shag
Leucocarbo carunculatus
B
Otago shag
Leucocarbo chalconotus
B
Foveaux shag
Leucocarbo stewarti
B
Chatham shag
Leucocarbo onslowi
B
Auckland shag
Leucocarbo colensoi
VB
Campbell shag
Leucocarbo campbelli
B
Macquarie shag
Leucocarbo purpurascens
V

Pelicans

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with distinctive pouches under their bills. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Australian pelican
Pelecanus conspicillatus
VV

Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large sized wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Unlike other long-necked birds suck as storks, ibises and spoonbills, members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Australasian bittern
Botaurus poiciloptilus
PPPP
Black-backed bittern
Ixobrychus dubius
V
New Zealand bittern
Ixobrychus novaezelandiae
XXX
Grey heron
Ardea cinerea
V
White-necked heron
Ardea pacifica
VVV
Great egret
(Māori: kōtuku)
Ardea alba
VPBVVV
Plumed egret
Ardea intermedia plumifera
VV
White-faced heron
Egretta novaehollandiae
VBBVBVVV
Little egret
Egretta garzetta
VVV
Pacific reef heron
Egretta sacra
VBBPVV
Cattle egret
Bubulcus ibis
VPPPVV
Nankeen night heron
Nycticorax caledonicus
BVVV

Ibises and spoonbills

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Threskiornithidae

The Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Glossy ibis
Plegadis falcinellus
PPV
Australian white ibis
Threskiornis molucca
VV
Straw-necked ibis
Threskiornis spinicollis
V
Royal spoonbill
Platalea regia
VBBV
Yellow-billed spoonbill
Platalea flavipes
V

Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey and includes the osprey, hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Swamp harrier
(Māori: kāhu)
Circus approximans
PI[lower-alpha 6]IIIPPP
Black kite
Milvus migrans
VV
Eyles's harrier
Circus teauteensis
XX
Haast's eagle
Hieraaetus moorei
XX
White-bellied sea eagle
Haliaeetus leucogaster
V

True owls

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Strigidae

Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Little owl
Athene noctua
I
Morepork
(Māori: ruru)
Ninox novaeseelandiae
BBBV
Laughing owl
(Māori: whēkau)
Ninox albifacies
XXX

Barn owls

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Tytonidae

Barn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Barn owl
Tyto alba
B[10]V

Kingfishers

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Laughing kookaburra
Dacelo novaeguineae
IV
Sacred kingfisher
(Māori: kōtare)
Todiramphus sanctus
BBBBV

Rollers

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Coraciidae

Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Oriental dollarbird
Eurystomus orientalis
VV

Falcons and caracaras

Order: Falconiformes   Family: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Nankeen kestrel
Falco cenchroides
VV
New Zealand falcon
(Māori: kārearea)
Falco novaeseelandiae
BBPexPB
Black falcon
Falco subniger
V

Kea and kākā

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Nestoridae

The genus Nestor is the type and only extant genus of the parrot family Nestoridae.[11] The genus Nestor contains two extant parrot species from New Zealand and two extinct species from Norfolk Island, Australia and Chatham Island, New Zealand, respectively.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Kea
Nestor notabilis
exB
Kākā
Nestor meridionalis
BBB
Chatham kākā
Nestor chathamensis
X

Kākāpō

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Strigopidae

The kākāpō, also known as owl parrot (Strigops habroptilus), is a species of large, flightless, nocturnal, ground-dwelling parrot of the super-family Strigopoidea, endemic to New Zealand.[12]

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Kākāpō
Strigops habroptilus
BBB

Cockatoos

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Cacatuidae

The cockatoos share many features with other parrots including the characteristic curved beak shape and a zygodactyl foot, with two forward toes and two backwards toes. They differ, however in a number of characteristics, including the often spectacular movable headcrest.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Galah
Eolophus roseicapilla
I
Sulphur-crested cockatoo
Cacatua galerita
II

Old world parrots

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Psittaculidae

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Rose-ringed parakeet
Psittacula krameri
II
Antipodes parakeet
Cyanoramphus unicolor
B
Red-crowned parakeet
(Māori: kākāriki)
Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae
BBBBBB
Reischek's parakeet
Cyanoramphus hochstetteri
B
Yellow-crowned parakeet
(Māori: kākāriki)
Cyanoramphus auriceps
BBB
Chatham parakeet
Cyanoramphus forbesi
B
Malherbe's parakeet
(Māori: kākāriki karaka)
Cyanoramphus malherbi
B
Crimson rosella
Platycercus elegans
II
Eastern rosella
Platycercus eximius
IIV
Rainbow lorikeet
Trichoglossus moluccanus
I

New Zealand wrens

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Acanthisittidae

The New Zealand wrens are a family (Acanthisittidae) of tiny passerines endemic to New Zealand. They were represented by six known species in four or five genera, although only two species survive in two genera today. They are understood to form a distinct lineage within the passerines, but authorities differ on their assignment to the oscines or suboscines (the two suborders that between them make up the Passeriformes).

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Lyall's wren
Traversia lyalli
XX
Rifleman
(Māori: titipounamu)
Acanthisitta chloris
BBex
Bushwren
(Māori: mātuhituhi)
Xenicus longipes
XXX
New Zealand rock wren
(Māori: pīwauwau)
Xenicus gilviventris
B
South Island stout-legged wren
Pachyplichas yaldwyni
X
North Island stout-legged wren
Pachyplichas jagmi
X
Long-billed wren
Dendroscansor decurvirostris
X

Honeyeaters

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Meliphagidae

The honeyeaters are a large and diverse family, Meliphagidae, of small to medium-sized birds. The family includes the Australian chats, myzomelas, friarbirds, wattlebirds, miners and melidectes. They are most common in Australia and New Guinea, but also found in New Zealand, the Pacific islands as far east as Samoa and Tonga, and the islands to the north and west of New Guinea known as Wallacea.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Tūī
Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae
BBBBBB
New Zealand bellbird
(Māori: korimako)
Anthornis melanura
BBBBV
Chatham bellbird
Anthornis melanocephala
X
Red wattlebird
Anthochaera carunculata
V

Scrubwrens, thornbills, and gerygones

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Acanthizidae

The Acanthizidae are small- to medium-sized birds with short rounded wings, slender bills, long legs, and a short tail.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Grey warbler
(Māori: riroriro)
Gerygone igata
BBBV
Chatham gerygone
Gerygone albofrontata
B

Cuckooshrikes and trillers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Campephagidae

The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some minivet species are brightly coloured.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Black-faced cuckooshrike
Coracina novaehollandiae
VVV
White-winged triller
Lalage tricolor
V

Whiteheads

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Mohouidae

Mohoua is a small genus of three bird species endemic to New Zealand. The scientific name is taken from mohua – the Māori name for the yellowhead.[13] Their taxonomic placement has presented problems: They have typically been placed in the whistler family, Pachycephalidae, but in 2013 it was established that they are best placed in their own family, Mohouidae.[14]

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Whitehead
(Māori: pōpokotea)
Mohoua albicilla
B
Yellowhead
(Māori: mohua)
Mohoua ochrocephala
BB
Pipipi
(Māori: pīpipi)
Mohoua novaeseelandiae
BB

Old World orioles

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Oriolidae

The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds which are not closely related to the New World orioles

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
South Island piopio
Turnagra capensis
X
North Island piopio
Turnagra tanagra
X

Woodswallows, bellmagpies, and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Artamidae

The woodswallows are soft-plumaged, somber-coloured passerine birds. They are smooth, agile flyers with moderately large, semi-triangular wings.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Masked woodswallow
Artamus personatus
V
White-browed woodswallow
Artamus superciliosus
VV
Dusky woodswallow
Artamus cyanopterus
V
Australian magpie
Gymnorhina tibicen
II

Fantails

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Rhipiduridae

The fantails are small insectivorous birds with longish, frequently fanned, tails.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
New Zealand fantail
(Māori: pīwakawaka)
Rhipidura fuliginosa
BBBBex
Willie wagtail
Rhipidura leucophrys
V

Monarch flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Monarchidae

The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by gleaning, hovering or flycatching.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Black-faced monarch
Monarcha melanopsis
V
Magpie-lark
Grallina cyanoleuca
V
Satin flycatcher
Myiagra cyanoleuca
VV

Crows, jays, and magpies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
New Zealand raven
Corvus antipodum
XXX
Chatham raven
Corvus moriorum
X
Rook
Corvus frugilegus
IIII

New Zealand wattlebirds

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Callaeidae

Callaeidae (sometimes Callaeatidae) is a family of passerine birds endemic to New Zealand. It contains three genera, with five species in the family. One species, the huia, became extinct early in the 20th century, while the South Island kokako is critically endangered and may be extinct.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
North Island kōkako
Callaeas wilsoni
B
South Island kōkako
Callaeas cinereus
B?ex
North Island saddleback
Philesturnus rufusater
B
South Island saddleback
Philesturnus carunculatus
BB
Huia
Heteralocha acutirostris
X

Stitchbird

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Notiomystidae

The stitchbird or hihi (Notiomystis cincta) is a honeyeater-like bird endemic to the North Island and adjacent offshore islands of New Zealand. Its evolutionary relationships have long puzzled ornithologists, but it is now classed as the only member of its own family, the Notiomystidae.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Stitchbird
(Māori: hihi)
Notiomystis cincta
B

Australasian robins

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Petroicidae

The bird family Petroicidae includes 49 species in 19 genera. All are endemic to Australasia: New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand and numerous Pacific Islands as far east as Samoa. For want of an accurate common name, the family is often called the Australasian robins. Within the family the species are known not only as robins but as scrub-robins and flyrobins. They are, however, only distantly related to the Old World family Muscicapidae (to which other species with such names belong) and the monarch flycatchers (Monarchidae).

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
North Island robin
Petroica longipes
B
South Island robin
Petroica australis
BB
Tomtit
(Māori: miromiro)
Petroica macrocephala
BBBBBB
Black robin
Petroica traversi
B

Larks

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Eurasian skylark
Alauda arvensis
III

Reed warblers and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Acrocephalidae

The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Australian reed warbler
Acrocephalus australis
V

Grassbirds and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Locustellidae

Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Chatham fernbird
Poodytes rufescens
X
New Zealand fernbird
(Māori: kōtātā or mātātā)
Poodytes punctatus
BBBB

Swallows

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Welcome swallow
Hirundo neoxena
BBBBBPPV
Fairy martin
Petrochelidon ariel
VVV
Tree martin
Petrochelidon nigricans
VVVV

Bulbuls

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Pycnonotidae

Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red, or orange vents, cheeks, throats, or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Red-vented bulbul
Pycnonotus cafer
I

White-eyes

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Zosteropidae

The white-eyes are small birds of rather drab appearance, the plumage above being typically greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast, or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As the name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Silvereye
(Māori: tauhou)
Zosterops lateralis
BBBBBBBBB

Starlings

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Common starling
Sturnus vulgaris
IIIIIIIIIV
Common myna
Acridotheres tristis
I

Thrushes

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Song thrush
Turdus philomelos
IIIIIIVVV
Common blackbird
Turdus merula
IIIIIIIIV

Accentors

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Prunellidae

The accentors are a genus of birds in the family Prunellidae, which is the only bird family endemic to the Palearctic.[15] This small group of closely related passerines are all in the genus Prunella.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Dunnock
Prunella modularis
IIIIVBBB

Old World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passeridae

Sparrows are small passerine birds, typically small, plump, brown or grey with short tails and short powerful beaks. They are seed-eaters, but also consume small insects.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
House sparrow
Passer domesticus
IIIIVVVV

Wagtails and pipits

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails and comprises the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. These are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
New Zealand pipit
(Māori: pīhoihoi)
Anthus novaeseelandiae
VBBBBVBB

True finches

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Fringillidae

Finches are small to moderately large seed-eating passerine birds with a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have 12 tail feathers and nine primary flight feathers. Finches have a bouncing flight, alternating bouts of flapping with gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Common chaffinch
Fringilla coelebs
VIIIIIIIV
European greenfinch
Chloris chloris
VIIIIVV
Common redpoll
Acanthis flammea
IIIIIIIII
Lesser redpoll
Acanthis cabaret
IIIIIIIII
European goldfinch
Carduelis carduelis
VIIIIVVVV

Old World buntings

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Emberizidae

The emberizids are a large family of seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.

SpeciesKermadecsNorth ISouth IStewartChathamsSnaresAucklandCampbellAntipodesBounty
Cirl bunting
Emberiza cirlus
II
Yellowhammer
Emberiza citrinella
IIIIIVVVV

See also

Notes

  1. In 1864, the Australian black swan was introduced to New Zealand as an ornamental waterfowl. Black swans have also naturally flown to New Zealand, leading scientists to consider them a native rather than exotic species, although the present population appears to be largely descended from deliberate introductions. See the article black swan for details.
  2. The pūkeko is probably an introduced species. All known fossils of pūkeko in New Zealand are less than 400 years old, and the Māori state that their ancestors brought these birds to New Zealand in canoes. See the article Australasian swamphen for details.
  3. Eudyptula novaehollandiae was originally endemic to Australia. It was indirectly introduced to New Zealand by human activity. The arrival of the Australian species in New Zealand occurred roughly between AD 1500 and 1900. When the endemic E. minor population declined in New Zealand, it left a genetic opening for E. novaehollandiae. The decrease of E. minor was most likely due to anthropogenic effects, such as being hunted by humans as well as introduced predators, including dogs brought from overseas. See the article Eudyptula novaehollandiae for details.
  4. The yellow-eyed penguin was indirectly introduced to mainland New Zealand by human activity. The endemic Waitaha penguin became extinct after human settlement. Yellow-eyed penguins from the subantarctic colonized the main islands, replacing the endemic species. However, a 2019 study recommended classifying the Waitaha penguin as M. a. waitaha, a subspecies of the extant yellow-eyed penguin. If this taxonomic revision is confirmed, then Megadyptes antipodes is endemic to mainland New Zealand after all. See the article yellow-eyed penguin for details.
  5. The endemic dwarf subspecies M. a. richdalei is extinct. In other words, the breeding population of yellow-eyed penguins from the Chatham Islands is extirpated. The modern population M. a. antipodes is vagrant. See the article yellow-eyed penguin for details.
  6. The swamp harrier was indirectly introduced by human activity. Eyles's harrier (Circus teauteensis), a larger harrier species endemic to New Zealand, became extinct after human settlement. The swamp harrier arrived in New Zealand within the last 700 years, replacing its sister species. There is no evidence for widespread coexistence of swamp and Eyles's harriers in New Zealand. Apparently, despite their considerable differences, the two harriers were still ecologically similar enough to competitively exclude one another, and only when the endemic Eyles's harrier became extinct could the swamp harrier become established. See the article swamp harrier for details.

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2022. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved 25 October 2022.
  2. Lepage, Denis (1 October 2022). "Checklist of Birds of New Zealand". Avibase. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
  3. Checklist Committee, Ornithological Society of New Zealand (2010). Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica (PDF) (4th ed.). Wellington, New Zealand: Te Papa Press in association with the Ornithological Society of New Zealand. ISBN 978-1-877385-59-9. Retrieved 27 November 2019 via New Zealand Birds Online.
  4. Baker, Allan J.; Huynen, Leon J.; Haddrath, Oliver; Millar, Craig D.; Lambert, David M. (7 June 2005). "Reconstructing the tempo and mode of evolution in an extinct clade of birds with ancient DNA: The giant moas of New Zealand". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 102 (23): 8257–8262. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.8257B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0409435102. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1149408. PMID 15928096.
  5. "moa | Size, Extinction, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
  6. Checklist Committee, Ornithological Society of New Zealand (2010). Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica (PDF) (4th ed.). Wellington, New Zealand: Te Papa Press in association with the Ornithological Society of New Zealand. pp. 33–34. ISBN 978-1-877385-59-9 via New Zealand Birds Online.
  7. Hume, J.P. (2017) Extinct Birds. Bloomsbury Publishing, 560 pages.
  8. Recently Extinct Species
  9. "Cory's shearwater | New Zealand Birds Online". nzbirdsonline.org.nz. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  10. "NZ Birds of Prey / Native / Barn Owl". Wingspan Birds of Prey Trust. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  11. Joseph, Leo; et al. (2012). "A revised nomenclature and classification for family-group taxa of parrots (Psittaciformes)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3205: 26–40. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3205.1.2.
  12. Best, H. A. (1984). "The foods of kakapo on Stewart Island as determined from their feeding sign" (PDF). New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 7: 71–83. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  13. "Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds"; Volume 7, edited by Peter Higgins, OUP, 2000.
  14. Zachary Aidala et al. Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Mohoua, endemic hosts of New Zealand's obligate brood parasitic Long-tailed Cuckoo (Eudynamys taitensis). Journal of Ornithology, published online June, 2013; doi: 10.1007/s10336-013-0978-8
  15. Liu, B. et al. (2017) Explosive radiation and spatial expansion across the cold environments of the Old World in an avian family. Ecology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3136
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