The first coin collector is said to have been Augustus. During the Renaissance, it became a fad among some members of the privileged classes, especially kings and queens.[1]
A coin collector is different from a numismatist, which is someone who studies coins. Many collectors are also numismatists, but some are not. Likewise, not all numismatists collect coins themselves.
Collector | Dates | Notes | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Caesar Augustus | 63 BC – 14 AD | According to Suetonius, he gave "coins of every device, including old pieces of the kings and foreign money" as Saturnalia gifts. | [2] |
Theodora Porphyrogenita | c. 980 - 1056 | Owned a large collection of ancient coins and medals which she kept in custom-made bronze cabinets and happily accepted new additions as presents. | [3] |
Pope Boniface VIII | 1230 – 1303 | [4] | |
Giovanni Mansionario | died 1337 | Collected Roman imperial coins | [5] |
Francesco Petrarch | 1304 – 1374 | Presented some of his Roman coins to Emperor Charles IV | [5][6] |
Francesco I da Carrara | 1325 – 1393 | Collected Roman imperial coins | [5] |
Jean, duc de Berry | 1340 – 1416 | Commissioned copies of the medals in his collection | [7][8] |
Alfonso V of Aragon | 1396 – 1458 | Had a collection of ancient coins which had been discovered in Italy; carried them with him in an ivory cabinet | [9] |
Leonello d'Este | 1407 – 1450 | Collected Greek and Roman coins | [10] |
Pope Paul II | 1417 – 1471 | Collected ancient coins, and had about a hundred gold and a thousand silver coins; "was able at a glance to tell where an ancient coin came from" | [11][12] |
Julius Pomponius Laetus | 1428 – 1498 | [11] | |
Matthias Corvinus | 1443 – 1490 | [9] | |
Lorenzo de' Medici | 1449 – 1492 | Purchased coins that had been in Pope Paul II's collection | [12] |
Maximilian I | 1459 – 1519 | [13] | |
Guillaume Budé | 1467 – 1540 | Wrote De Asse et Partibus Eius (1514) on Roman coins and measures | [14] |
Cuthbert Tunstall | 1474 – 1559 | [15] | |
Ferdinand I | 1503 – 1564 | Collected Roman coins | [16] |
Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg | 1505 – 1571 | Established the Berlin Coin Cabinet | [17] |
Catherine Parr | 1512 – 1548 | [15] | |
Andrew Perne | 1519 – 1589 | Bequeathed his collection to the Fitzwilliam Museum | [18] |
Alessandro Farnese | 1520 – 1589 | Owner of the Farnese collection | [19] |
Albert V, Duke of Bavaria | 1528 – 1579 | Collection is in the Bavarian State Coin Collection | [20] |
Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria | 1529 – 1595 | The cabinets in which he stored his coins are today kept in the Vienna Coin Cabinet and at Ambras Castle | [16] |
Abraham Gorlaeus | 1549 – 1608 | His collection of 30,000 coins and medals was purchased by Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales | [9] |
Wenceslas Cobergher | 1560 – 1634 | Collected Roman coins | [21] |
Robert Cotton | 1571 – 1631 | Collection is in the British Museum | [22] |
Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales | 1594 – 1612 | Purchased Abraham Gorlaeus' collection | [9] |
Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha | 1601 – 1675 | [23] | |
John Greaves | 1602 – 1652 | Left his coins, "which he had collected in Italy and the East," to Sir John Marsham | [24] |
Christina, Queen of Sweden | 1626 – 1689 | Had a collection of more than 15,000 coins; marked her coins with a monogram stamp | [25][26] |
Louis XIV of France | 1638 – 1715 | Said to have instructed his ambassadors to look out for ancient coins. | [25] |
Jacob de Wilde | 1645 – 1721 | [27] | |
Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg | 1646 – 1691 | His diaries reveal that he "enjoyed making an inventory of his coins and arranging them in order" | [23] |
Antoine Galland | 1646 – 1715 | Purchased ancient coins on his visits to the Middle East | [28] |
Anton Günther II, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen-Arnstadt | 1653 – 1716 | Sold his collection to raise the money needed to become an Imperial Prince | [23] |
Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke | 1656 – 1733 | Collection auctioned in 1848 with 1500 lots | [29] |
Hans Sloane | 1660 – 1753 | Collection is in the British Museum | [22] |
Roger Gale | 1672 – 1744 | Bequeathed his collection to the Fitzwilliam Museum | [18] |
Richard Mead | 1653 – 1754 | Collection auctioned in 1755 | [30] |
Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg | 1676 – 1732 | Purchased collection of Anton Günther II, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen-Arnstadt | [23] |
George II of Great Britain | 1683 – 1760 | Purchased Andrew Gifford's collection | [31] |
William Stukeley | 1687 – 1765 | [32] | |
Edward Harley, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer | 1689 – 1741 | Collected Greek, Roman and English coins; collection auctioned in 1742 | [33] |
Joseph Ames | 1689 – 1759 | [34] | |
Martin Folkes | 1690 – 1754 | Collection auctioned in 1756 | [35] |
Thomas Martin of Palgrave | 1697 – 1771 | [36] | |
William Richardson | 1698 – 1775 | Collected British, Roman, and English coins | [37] |
Andrew Gifford | 1700 – 1784 | Collection purchased by George II | [31] |
Pieter Teyler van der Hulst | 1702 – 1778 | Collection formed the basis of the Coin and Medal Room of the Teylers Museum | [38] |
George North | 1707 – 1772 | Collected English coins | [39] |
Francis I | 1708 – 1765 | His collecting emphasized modern coins | [16] |
Louis Günther II, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt | 1708 – 1790 | [40] | |
Andrew Ducarel | 1713 – 1785 | Collection auctioned in 1785 | [41] |
Charlotte Sophie of Aldenburg | 1715 – 1800 | Collected Greek and Roman coins | [33] |
Andrew Eliot | 1718 – 1778 | Collected New England silver coins | [42] |
William Hunter | 1718 – 1783 | Established the Hunter Coin Cabinet in the University of Glasgow | [19] |
Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham | 1730 – 1782 | Collected Roman imperial coins | [43] |
Oluf Gerhard Tychsen | 1734 – 1815 | Wrote Introductio in rem numariam muhammedanorum in 1794, the first scholarly manual of Islamic numismatics | [44] |
Pierre Eugene du Simitiere | 1737 – 1784 | Collection auctioned in 1785, making it the earliest known coin auction sale in the United States | [45] |
Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria | 1738 – 1789 | Inherited her love of numismatics from her father, Emperor Francis I | [46] |
George III of the United Kingdom | 1738 – 1820 | Contributed to the collection in the Hunter Coin Cabinet | [19] |
Johan Frans Podolyn | 1739 – 1784 | Collection of more than 6000 coins | [47] |
Thomas Jefferson | 1743 – 1826 | Acquired contemporary European issues through his travels abroad | [48] |
Sarah Sophia Banks | 1744 – 1818 | Collection shared between the British Museum and the Royal Mint Museum | [49][50] |
Kutsuki Masatsuna | 1750 – 1802 | Collection now in the British Museum and the Ashmolean Museum | [51] |
Jacob Georg Christian Adler | 1756 – 1834 | Collection is in the University of Rostock | [44] |
John Quincy Adams | 1767 – 1848 | Collection auctioned by the Massachusetts Historical Society in 1971 | [52] |
Princess Augusta Sophia of the United Kingdom | 1768 – 1840 | Collected English and German coins | [53] |
George Robert Ainslie | 1776 – 1839 | Wrote Illustrations of the Anglo-French Coinage in 1830 | [54][55] |
William Martin Leake | 1777 – 1860 | Collection purchased for £5,000 in 1864 by the Fitzwilliam Museum | [18] |
August Otto Rühle von Lilienstern | 1780 – 1847 | Collection is in the Oriental Coin Cabinet Jena | [44] |
John Doherty | 1785 – 1850 | [56] | |
Christian VIII of Denmark | 1786 – 1848 | Collection is in the National Museum of Denmark | [57] |
Joaquín Rubio y Muñoz | 1788 – 1874 | Collection is in the National Museum of Denmark and the National Archaeological Museum of Spain | [58] |
Caspar Reuvens | 1793 – 1835 | Collection is in the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden | [59] |
Claude Auguste Court | 1793 – 1880 | One of the first Europeans to become interested in the coins of South Asia | [60] |
Frédéric Soret | 1795 – 1865 | Collection is in the Oriental Coin Cabinet Jena and the Bavarian State Coin Collection | [44] |
John Gardner Wilkinson | 1797 – 1875 | Bequeathed his collection to Harrow School | [61] |
Heinrich Leberecht Fleischer | 1801 – 1888 | Collection is in the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft | [44] |
Pieter Otto van der Chijs | 1802 – 1867 | Director of the coin cabinet of the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden | [59] |
Louis Félicien de Saulcy | 1807 – 1880 | Collected Jewish coins obtained during his travels in Palestine; wrote Recherches sur la numismatique judaïque (1854), illustrated with coins from his collection | [62] |
Ernst Heinrich Meier | 1813 – 1866 | Collection purchased by the University of Tübingen | [63] |
Edward Clive Bayley | 1821 – 1884 | Collected Indian coins | [64] |
Hermann Weber | 1823 – 1918 | Collected Greek coins | [65] |
Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia | 1827 – 1892 | Collected Russian coins | [66] |
Byron Reed | 1829 – 1891 | Bequeathed his collection to the city of Omaha, where it resides in the Durham Museum | [67] |
Adriaan Justus Enschedé | 1829 – 1896 | Bequeathed his collection to the Teylers Museum | [68] |
Emily Bayley | 1830 – 1911 | Collection of Indian copper coins is in the British Museum | [69] |
Georg Bühler | 1837 – 1898 | Collection is in the Bode Museum | [44] |
Frank John Joseph | 1838 – 1895 | Reportedly had one of the finest private collections of coins and medals in North America, worth an estimated $30000 at his death | [70] |
José Gerson da Cunha | 1844 – 1900 | Collection included more than 27,000 pieces | [71] |
Prince Philipp of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha | 1844 – 1921 | Collection auctioned in 1928 | [72] |
Gustave Schlumberger | 1844 – 1929 | Collected Crusader coins | [73] |
Samuel Mills Damon | 1845 – 1924 | Collection auctioned in 2006 for $3.9 million | [74] |
Robert Wallace McLachlan | 1845 – 1926 | The "Dean" of Canadian numismatics and VP of American Numismatic Association. Collection acquired by Chateau de Ramezay in Montreal and later most of it by Bank of Canada Museum | [75] |
Samuel Jean de Pozzi | 1846 – 1918 | Collection auctioned in 1921 | [76] |
Gerald Ephraim Hart | 1849 – 1936 | Formed several outstanding collections of Canadian coins, tokens, medals, books and historical documents prior to 1900 | [77] |
Francis W. Doughty | 1850 – 1917 | Collection auctioned in 1891 with 1539 lots | [78] |
Heinrich von Siebold | 1852 – 1908 | Collection is in the Oriental Coin Cabinet Jena | [44] |
Eduard Glaser | 1855 – 1908 | Collection is in the Bode Museum | [44] |
Ivan Ivanovich Tolstoy | 1858 – 1916 | Collection auctioned in 1913 | [79] |
George Hubbard Clapp | 1858 – 1949 | Donated collection of 1543 large cents to the American Numismatic Society | [80] |
Milan Rešetar | 1860 – 1942 | Inherited and expanded his father's coin collection; wrote the two-volume Dubrovačka numizmatika | [81] |
Henry A. Greene | 1861 – 1950 | Collection of Greek coins purchased by the Rhode Island School of Design Museum in 1940 | [82] |
Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia | 1863 – 1919 | Portion of collection is in the Smithsonian Institution | [66][79] |
Ernest Robinson Ackerman | 1863 – 1931 | Collection auctioned in 1931 | [83] |
Frederick Parkes Weber | 1863 – 1962 | Inherited an interest in coin collecting from his father, Sir Hermann Weber | [84] |
William A. Ashbrook | 1867 – 1940 | Majority of his collection stolen in 1919 | [85] |
William H. Woodin | 1868 – 1934 | Collected pattern coins | [86][87] |
Edward Howland Robinson Green | 1868 – 1936 | Owned a Brasher Doubloon; at the time of his death, his collection was worth an estimated $5 million | [88] |
Edgar Adams | 1868 – 1940 | Editor of The Numismatist | [89] |
Victor Emmanuel III of Italy | 1869 – 1947 | Collection of over 100,000 coins is in the National Museum of Rome; also wrote a 20-volume Corpus Nummorum Italicorum, which catalogued each specimen in his collection. | [90] |
William Walter Coulthard Wilson | 1869 – 1924 | VP of American Numismatic Association, donated The Numismatist to A.N.A. and had one of the two finest collections of Canadian coins | [91] |
Farran Zerbe | 1871 – 1949 | President of the American Numismatic Association from 1908 to 1910. | [92] |
Enrico Caruso | 1873 – 1921 | Collection auctioned in 1923 | [93] |
John Abner Snell | 1880 – 1936 | Collection of Chinese coins auctioned in 2011 | [94] |
Eduard Kann | 1880 – 1962 | Austrian banker who went to work in China in 1901. Author of the first systematic catalog of Chinese coinage 'Illustrated catalog of Chinese coins (gold, silver, nickel and aluminium)' . Collection auctioned in 1970s and in 2000. | [95][96] |
Frank Stenton | 1880 – 1967 | Collection is at the University of Reading | [97] |
Herbert Ives | 1882 – 1953 | Served as president of the American Numismatic Society | [98] |
Arthur W. Hummel, Sr. | 1884 – 1975 | Passed collection of Chinese coins on to his son Arthur W. Hummel, Jr. | [99] |
Jerome Kern | 1885 – 1945 | Collection auctioned in 1950 | [100] |
Francis Spellman | 1889 - 1967 | [101] | |
Adolphe Menjou | 1890 – 1963 | Collection auctioned in 1957 | [102] |
Josiah K. Lilly Jr. | 1893 – 1966 | Collection of 6125 gold coins donated to the Smithsonian Institution | [103] |
Louis E. Eliasberg | 1896 – 1976 | Put together the only complete collection of United States coins ever assembled | [104] |
Robert L. Hendershott | 1898 – 2005 | [105] | |
J. Hewitt Judd | 1899 – 1986 | Collected United States pattern coins | [106] |
Joseph Douglas Ferguson | 1901 – 1981 | First Canadian to be President of American Numismatic Association, Honorary President of C.N.A. and had the finest collection of Canadian tokens, coins and currency, purchased by Bank of Canada Museum in 1963 and medals at the Glenbow Museum | [107] |
Richard S. Yeoman | 1904 – 1988 | Wrote A Guide Book of United States Coins | [108] |
Oscar H. Dodson | 1905 – 1996 | Kept a collection of ancient Greek coins with him while serving on board the USS Hornet in 1942 | [109] |
Keith Bullen | 1906 – 1976 | [110] | |
Buddy Ebsen | 1908 – 2003 | Owned a $4 Stella; co-founded the Beverly Hills Coin Club | [111] |
Philip Grierson | 1910 – 2006 | Bequeathed his collection of medieval coins to the Fitzwilliam Museum | [112] |
Arne E. Holm | 1911 – 2009 | Collection is in the NTNU Museum of Natural History and Archaeology | [113] |
Eric P. Newman | 1911 – 2017 | Collection sold over five auctions in 2013–2014 for almost $55 million | [114] |
John Jay Pittman | 1913 – 1996 | President of A.N.A. 1971-73 and C.N.A., massive collection of high-quality US and World gold and silver coins sold by David Akers in auctions from 1997 to 1999 | [115] |
Farouk I of Egypt | 1920 – 1965 | Collection included a 1933 double eagle, and was sold by auction for a fraction of its real value in 1954 after Farouk's overthrow | [25][116] |
Arthur W. Hummel, Jr. | 1920 – 2001 | Inherited collection of Chinese coins from his father Arthur W. Hummel, Sr. | [99] |
Mark Hatfield | 1922 – 2011 | [101][117] | |
Chris Schenkel | 1923 – 2005 | Collection auctioned in 1990 with 3404 lots | [118] |
Chester Krause | 1923 – 2016 | Started collecting when his aunts gave him some Whitman coin boards.[119] | |
Russell Rulau | 1926 – 2012 | Coined the term "exonumia" | [120] |
Nelson Bunker Hunt | 1926 – 2014 | Collected Greek and Roman coins; collection auctioned off in 1990 and 1991 as a result of his bankruptcy | [121][122] |
Jerome Remick | 1928 – 2005 | Edited The Guide Book and Catalogue of the British Commonwealth Coins; established the Royal Canadian Numismatic Association's Jerome H. Remick III Literary Award in 1995 | [123][124] |
Harry W. Bass, Jr. | 1927 – 1998 | Collection resides in the American Numismatic Association Money Museum | [125] |
Kenneth Bressett | born 1928 | Collects Chinese and Japanese coins as well as ancient Greek silver coins | [126] |
David Gee | 1929 – 2013 | Collected Australian coins | [127] |
William Herbert Hunt | born 1929 | Collected Byzantine coins; collection auctioned off in 1990 and 1991 as a result of his bankruptcy | [121][122] |
Johnny Cash | 1932 – 2003 | Collected Greek and Romans coins | [128] |
John V. M. Sturdy | 1933 – 1996 | 1,751 twentieth-century world coins from his collection were donated to the Fitzwilliam Museum | [129] |
Jerry Buss | 1933 – 2013 | Owned a 1913 Liberty Head nickel and an 1804 dollar | [130] |
Q. David Bowers | born 1938 | Began collecting at age 13 and became a coin dealer at age 14 | [131][132] |
Walter J. Husak | 1942 –
2022 |
Collection of 301 large cents auctioned in 2008 for $10.7 million | [133] |
Gregg Bingham | born 1951 | Owned an extensive collection of commemorative half dollars and a complete collection of Morgan dollars | [134][135] |
Andre Dawson | born 1954 | Collection auctioned in 1998 for over $6 million | [136] |
Jo Nambiar | born 1961 | As an antique collector and numismatist, Nambiar has one of the largest collections of ancient coins and rare currencies in India. It is an asset that the Reserve Bank of India recognizes and borrows from for its annual “Coins and Currencies” exhibition | [137] [138] |
Paul Hollis | born 1972 | Began collecting at the age of six | [139] |
See also
References
- ↑ "Brief History of Coin Collecting". www.2-clicks-coins.com. Archived from the original on 4 October 2009. Retrieved 26 August 2009.
- ↑ Suetonius, Augustus 75 on-line text Archived 31 July 2022 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Norwich, John Julius (1993), Byzantium: The Apogee, London: Penguin, p. 309, ISBN 978-0-14-011448-5
- ↑ Georganteli, Eurydike (2008). "Numismatics". The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies. Oxford University Press. p. 158. ISBN 9780199252466. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
- 1 2 3 Karet, Evelyn (2014). The Antonio II Badile Album of Drawings: The Origins of Collecting Drawings in Early Modern Northern Italy. Ashgate Publishing. p. 108. ISBN 9780754665717. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
- ↑ Ogilvie, Brian W. "Petrarch's historicism and the purpose of philosophy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 May 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
- ↑ "American Numismatic Society acquires the Guido Kisch collection of legal medals, tokens and coins". American Numismatic Society. Archived from the original on 2 July 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
- ↑ "M 269". British Museum. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 "On the Utility of Medals". The Scots Magazine. 60: 168–170. July 1798. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
- ↑ "Cast bronze medal of Leonello d'Este, Marchese of Ferrara, by Pisanello". British Museum. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
- 1 2 Pastor, Ludwig. The History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages. Vol. IV. Archived from the original on 20 July 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
- 1 2 Fusco, Laurie; Corti, Gino (2006). Lorenzo de' Medici: Collector and Antiquarian (PDF). Cambridge University Press. p. 6. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
- ↑ "Coin Collectors: Emperor Maximilian". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
- ↑ The Oxford Handbook of Hellenic Studies. Oxford University Press. 2009. p. 1327. ISBN 9780191608704. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
- 1 2 James, Susan (2010). Catherine Parr: Henry VIII's Last Love. The History Press. p. 33. ISBN 9780752462523. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
- 1 2 3 "History of the collection". Kunsthistorisches Museum. Archived from the original on 29 April 2015. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
- ↑ Weisser, Bernhard (2004). "The Berlin Coin Cabinet Reopens". ANS Magazine. 4 (3). Archived from the original on 8 March 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
- 1 2 3 Cloke, Christian (2008). "Coin Collecting at Cambridge: The Fitzwilliam Museum Department of Coins and Medals". ANS Magazine. 7 (3). Archived from the original on 10 February 2013. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
- 1 2 3 "The Most Famous Coin Collectors of All Time". Archived from the original on 26 April 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
- ↑ Kampmann, Ursula. "Munich, the German Mecca for Coin Collectors". Numismata. Coins Weekly. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
- ↑ Germonprez, Dagmar (2011). "Foundation Rites in the Southern Netherlands: Constructing a Counter-Reformational Architecture". Foundation, Dedication and Consecration in Early Modern Europe. BRILL. p. 285. ISBN 978-9004217577. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
- 1 2 "History of the collection: Coins and Medals". British Museum. Archived from the original on 5 January 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 Kampmann, Ursula. "Numismatics in Gotha". Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
- ↑ Birch, Thomas (1737). "An Historical and Critical Account of the Life and Writings of Mr. John Greaves". Miscellaneous Works of Mr. John Greaves. London. p. lviii. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
- 1 2 3 "Famous Coin Collectors". Gibraltar International Mint. Archived from the original on 6 May 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
- ↑ "Ex Collection of Queen Christina of Sweden Published in 1742 by Havercamp". Classical Numismatic Group. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- ↑ Wes, Marinus Antony (1992). Classics in Russia 1700-1855: Between Two Bronze Horsemen. Brill. p. 13. ISBN 9004096647. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
- ↑ Mahdi, Muhsin (1995). The Thousand and One Nights. Brill. p. 14. ISBN 9004102043. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
- ↑ Catalogue of the Entire Pembroke Collection of Greek, Roman, English, Scotch, Irish and Foreign Mediæval Coins and Medals. London: J. Davy & Sons. 1848. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
- ↑ Langford, Abraham (1755). Museum Meadianum sive Catalogus Nummorum, Veteris Aevi Monumentorum, ac Gemmarum, Cum aliis quibusdam Artis recentioris et Naturae Operibus; Quae Vir Clariffimus Richardus Mead, M. D. Nuper defenctus comparavet.
- 1 2 West, Morris (1996). "The Bristol 1526 Tyndale Testament - its Origin and its History". Reformation. 1: 113–117. doi:10.1179/ref_1996_1_1_009. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
- ↑ Wroth, Warwick William (1885–1900). "Stukeley, William". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- 1 2 Hill, Jonathan A. "Catalogue 190" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
- ↑ Tedder, Henry Richard (1885–1900). "Ames, Joseph (1689-1759)". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ↑ Langford, Abraham (1756). A catalogue of the genuine, entire and choice collection of coins, medals, and medallions: In Gold, Silver, and Brass, Of the Learned and Ingenious Martin Folkes, Esq; Late President of the Royal Society, Deceas'd.
- ↑ Stoker, David. "The ill-gotten library of 'Honest Tom' Martin". Archived from the original on 15 November 2005. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
- ↑ Courtney, William Prideaux (1885–1900). "Richardson, William (1698-1775)". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ↑ "Coins and Medals". Teylers Museum. Archived from the original on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
- ↑ Wroth, Warwick William (1885–1900). "North, George (1710-1772)". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ↑ Winker, Doreen. "Die Münz- und Medaillensammlung" (PDF). museum-digital Thüringen (in German). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
- ↑ Gerard, John (1785). A catalogue of the valuable collection of coins, medals, and antiquities, of that great and well-known antiquary Andrew Coltee Ducarel, LL. D. Deceased.
- ↑ Bowers, Q. David (2014). Coins & Collectors. p. 277.
- ↑ Hopper, R. J. (1982). "The Second Marquis of Rockingham, Coin Collector". The Antiquaries Journal. 62 (2): 316–346. doi:10.1017/S0003581500065926. S2CID 161299957.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Heidemann, Stefan. "Collections of Oriental Coins in Germany". University of Jena. Archived from the original on 21 May 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
- ↑ Orosz, Joel (8 August 2014). "John N. Lupia's numismatic bibliography illuminates the history of the coin hobby". Coin World. Archived from the original on 22 May 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
- ↑ Kleisner, Tomáš; Boublík, Jan (2011). Coins and medals of the emperor Francis Stephen of Lorraine. Tomas Kleisner. p. 183. ISBN 9788070363164. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
- ↑ Berg, Wilhelm (1896). Anteckningar om Göteborgs äldre teatrar, Volume 1 (in Swedish). p. 123. Archived from the original on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
- ↑ "Coin Collection". Monticello. Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Archived from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
- ↑ "Medal of Sir Joseph Banks". Royal Mint Museum. Archived from the original on 1 June 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
- ↑ Eaglen, R. J. (2008). "Sarah Sophia Banks and Her English Hammered Coins" (PDF). British Numismatic Journal. 78: 200–215. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 August 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
- ↑ Cribb, Joe (2010). "Foreword" (PDF). Catalogue of the Japanese coin collection (pre-Meiji) at the British Museum with special reference to Kutsuki Masatsuna. British Museum. p. v. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
- ↑ Homren, Wayne (2012). "Harvey Stack on the Adams Family Coin Collection". The E-Sylum. Numismatic Bibliomania Society. 15 (21). Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
- ↑ Fraser, Flora (2012). Princesses: The Six Daughters of George III. pp. 69–70.
- ↑ Morgan, R. J. "AINSLIE, GEORGE ROBERT". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto. Archived from the original on 22 May 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
- ↑ Ainslie, George Robert (1830). Illustrations of the Anglo-French Coinage: Taken from the Cabinet of a Fellow of the Antiquarian Societies of London, and Scotland; of the Royal Societies of France, Normandy, and Many Others, British as Well as Foreign. Hearne. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
- ↑ Ball, F. Elrington (1926). The Judges in Ireland, 1221-1921. The Lawbook Exchange. pp. 346–347. ISBN 9781584774280. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
- ↑ "Christian VIII and the National Museum". Aarhus University Press. Archived from the original on 12 July 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
- ↑ Farrell, Jerome (2007). "Den spanske møntsamler Joaquín Rubio og Den kongelige Mønt- og Medaillesamling i København". Nordisk Numismatisk Unions Medlemsblad. 4: 157–161.
- 1 2 Halbertsma, Ruurd B. (2004). Scholars, Travellers and Trade: The Pioneer Years of the National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden, 1818-1840. Routledge. p. 145. ISBN 9781134475278. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
- ↑ "General Claude-Auguste Court's book of coin rubbings". British Museum. Archived from the original on 29 June 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
- ↑ Thompson, Jason (2010). Sir Gardner Wilkinson and His Circle. University of Texas Press. p. 213. ISBN 9780292785694. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ↑ "Modern Studies". More Than Money. Israel Museum. Archived from the original on 4 June 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
- ↑ "Collections of the University of Tübingen" (PDF). University of Tübingen. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 May 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
- ↑ Lane-Poole, Stanley (1885–1900). "Bayley, Edward Clive". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ↑ Forrer, L. (1922). The Weber Collection. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
- 1 2 Starck, Jeff (13 November 2012). "Russian pattern hammers at $3.85 million". Coin World. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
- ↑ "Byron Reed Gallery of Coins and Documents". The Durham Museum. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
- ↑ "Collectie Marco Woestenburg: munten uit het Noorderkwartier" (in Dutch). Teylers Museum. Archived from the original on 21 March 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
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- ↑ Art & Deal Magazine, COVER STORY http://artanddeal.in/cms/?p=2898 Archived 27 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Bangalore Mirror, https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/sunday-read/jo-nambiar-bhaskaran-nair-british-museum-princess-marys-christmas-gift-box/articleshow/45588956.cms Archived 27 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine
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