A brittle star, Ophionereis reticulata
A sea cucumber from Malaysia
Starfish exhibit a wide range of colours

This List of echinoderm orders concerns the various classes and orders into which taxonomists categorize the roughly 7000 extant species[1] as well as the extinct species of the exclusively marine phylum Echinodermata.

Subphylum Crinozoa

Class Crinoidea

Crinoid
Haeckel Cystoidea

Class Paracrinoidea †

No orders, 13 to 15 genera are known.

  • order Comarocystitida †
    • ?Family Heckeritidae †
      • Heckerites †
    • Family Amygdalocystitidae †
      • Achradocystites † Volborth, 1870
      • Amygdalocystites † Billings, 1854 (= Ottawacystis) (?= Billingsocystis)
      • Oklahomacystis † Parsley & Mintz, 1975 (Bassler, 1943)
      • Ovulocystites † Frest et al., 1980
    • Family Comarocystitidae † Balther, 1899
      • Comarocystites † Billings, 1854
      • Implicaticystis †
      • Sinclairocystis †
  • order Platycystitida †
    • Family Platycystitidae †
      • Canadocystis † (= Sigmacystis)
      • Platycystites †
    • Family Malocystitidae †
      • Malocystites †
      • Wellerocystis †
    • Family Bistomiacystitidae †
      • Bistomiacystis †

Doubtful paracrinoids:

  • Columbocystis
  • Foerstecystis
  • Springerocystis
  • Ulrichocystis
  • Paleocystites
  • Allocystites

Class Cystoidea

  • order Aristocystitida
  • order Asteroblastida
  • order Glyptosphaeritida
  • order Sphaeronitida

Class Edrioasteroidea †

Streptaster vorticellatus (Edrioasteroidea)

Subphylum Asterozoa

Class Ophiuroidea (Brittle stars)

Class Asteroidea (Starfish)

Subphylum Echinozoa

Class Echinoidea (Sea urchins)

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a well-armoured sea urchin

Class Holothuroidea (Sea cucumbers)

Class Ophiocistioidea †

Euthemon

No orders recognized: class is divided up into four families, Eucladiidae, Sollasiniidae, Volchoviidae, and Rhenosquamidae. The inclusion of Rhenosquamidae within Ophiocistioidea is doubtful, as the organs identified in fossils of Rhenosquamus as the characteristic "scaly podia" otherwise diagnostic of ophiocistioids may not, in fact, be such structures.

Class Helicoplacoidea †

No known orders, 2 known species, Helicoplacus curtisi and H. guthi

Subphylum Blastozoa

Class Blastoidea †

Blastoidea
  • Ordre Coronata †
  • Order Fissiculata †
  • Order Spiraculata †
  • basal Macurdablastus †

Class Eocrinoidea †

Gogia spiralis (Eocrinoidea)
  • Order Ascocystida †
  • Order Gogiida †
  • Order Imbricata †
  • Order Trachelocrinida †

Subphylum Homostelea / Homalozoa †

Corthurnocystis, a Stylophora.

Class Ctenocystoidea †

    • order Ctenocystida †

Class Soluta †

Class Cincta †

Class Stylophora †

    • order Cornuta †
    • order Mitrata †

References

  1. ↑ "Animal Diversity Web - Echinodermata". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
  2. ↑ Sweet, Elizabeth (2005-11-22). "Asterozoa: Fossil groups: SciComms 05-06: Earth Sciences". University of Bristol. Archived from the original on 2007-07-14. Retrieved 2008-05-07.
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