This is a list of the nearest supergiant stars (luminosity class Ia, Iab or Ib) to Earth, located at a distance of up to 1,100 light-years (340 parsecs) from Earth.

Some of the brightest stars in the night sky, such as Rigel and Antares, are on the list.

List

Name Distance (ly) Spectral type Stellar radius (R☉) Stellar mass (M☉) Apparent magnitude (V) Notes
Polaris 323 – 433[1] F7Ib-F8Ib[2][3] 37.5[4] 5.4[4] 1.98[5] (1.86 – 2.13)[2] The nearest supergiant, assuming the distance of 323 ly.
Beta Draconis (Rastaban) 380±4[6] G2Ib-IIa[7] 40[8] 6 ± 0.2[9] 2.79[9]
Zeta Capricorni 386±10[6] G4Ib: Ba2[10] 29[11] 4.5+0.3
−0.2[12]		 3.77[13]
Alpha Persei (Mirfak) 510±10[6] F5Ib[9] 68 ± 3[14] 8.5 ± 0.3[9] 1.806[9] 35th brightest star in the night sky.
Alpha Aquarii (Sadalmelik) 520±20[6] G2Ib[9] 52.89+1.68
−1.78[9]		 5.13 ± 0.06[9] 2.942[15]
Beta Aquarii (Sadalsuud) 540[6] G0Ib[8] 47.88+1.68
−1.81[9]		 4.97 ± 0.1[16] 2.87[17]
Lambda Velorum (Suhail) 545±10[6] K4Ib[10] 210[18] 7 ± 1[18] 2.21[17] (2.14 – 2.30)[19]
Betelgeuse 548+90
−49[20]		 M1-M2Ia-ab[10] 764+116
−62[20]
(1021)[21]		 14[22] – 19[20] 0.5[23] (0.0 – 1.6)[24] The nearest red supergiant, and the 10th brightest star in the night sky.
Alpha Scorpii A (Antares) 553.5[25][lower-alpha 1] M1.5Iab-Ib[10] 680[26] 11[26] – 16[22] 0.6 – 1.6[27] 15th brightest star in the night sky.
Beta Arae 650[6] K3Ib-II[28] 142[29][lower-alpha 2] 8.21[29] 2.84[30]
Saiph 650±30[6] B0.5Ia[31] 22.2[32] 15.5 ± 1.25[33] 2.09[34]
Epsilon Pegasi (Enif) 690±20[6] K2Ib-II[10] 211[35] 7.07 – 7.45[35] 2.399[6] (2.37 – 2.45)[36]
Iota Carinae (Aspidiske) 690±70[6] A9Ib[37] 43[38] 7.4[39] 2.21[30]
Zeta Persei 750±30[6] B1Ib[40] 26 – 27[6] 14.5 ± 1.9[33] 2.86[41]
Pi Puppis (Ahadi) 807[42][lower-alpha 3] K3Ib[43] 235[31] 11.7[44] 2.733[45]
Epsilon Geminorum (Mebsuta) 840±40[6] G8Ib[14] 140 ± 35[14] 19.2 ± 0.1[44] 3.06[46]
Zeta Cephei 840[6] K1.5Ib[31] 94[47] 3.35[48]
Rigel 863[49] B8Ia[50] 78.9 ± 7.4[51] 21 ± 3[52] 0.13[53] (0.05 – 0.18)[54] 7th brightest star in the night sky, and the brightest supergiant.
Delta Cephei A 887±26[55][56] F5Ib-G1Ib[57][58] 44.5[59] 4.5 ± 0.3[59] 3.48 – 4.37[57] Protoype of the Classical Cepheid variable stars.
Beta Doradus 1040[60] F4-G4Ia-II[61][62] 67.8 ± 0.7[63] 7.7 ± 0.2[44] 3.46 – 4.08[61]
Zeta Puppis (Naos) 1080±40[6] O4If(n)p[64] 14 – 26[65] 56.1[66] 2.24 – 2.26[67] One of the most massive stars stars visible to the naked eye.
  • Samus NN, Kazarovets EV, Durlevich OV, Kireeva NN, Pastukhova EN (2017). "General Catalogue of Variable Stars: Version GCVS 5.1". Astronomy Reports. 61 (1): 80–88. Bibcode:2017ARep...61...80S. doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085. ISSN 1063-7729. S2CID 255195566.

Notes and references

  1. ↑ Calculated using a parallax of 5.89 milliarcseconds in the equation: 1/(Parallax (arcsec)) = distance (parsecs)
  2. ↑ Radius calculated with temperature and luminosity
  3. ↑ Calculated using a parallax of 4.04 milliarcseconds in the equation: 1/(Parallax (arcsec)) = distance (parsecs)
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  2. 1 2 Samus NN, Kazarovets EV, Durlevich OV, Kireeva NN, Pastukhova EN. "Query= alf UMi". General Catalogue of Variable Stars: Version GCVS 5.1. Lomonosov Moscow State University & Institute of Astronomy of Russian Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 2023-12-26. Retrieved 2023-12-25.
  3. ↑ Lee, Byeong-Cheol; Mkrtichian, David E.; Han, Inwoo; Park, Myeong-Gu; Kim, Kang-Min (2008-06-01). "Precise Radial Velocities of Polaris: Detection of Amplitude Growth". The Astronomical Journal. 135 (6): 2240–2244. arXiv:0804.2793. Bibcode:2008AJ....135.2240L. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/135/6/2240. ISSN 0004-6256.
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  67. ↑ "Detail for zet Pup". The International Variable Star Index. Retrieved 2023-12-24.
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