The age of the oldest known stars approaches the age of the universe, about 13.8 billion years. Some of these are among the first stars from reionization (the stellar dawn), ending the Dark Ages about 370,000 years after the Big Bang.[1] These are recognized as among the oldest individual stars observed so far:
| Name | Age (billions of years) |
Mass | Distance | Location description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Methuselah Star or HD 140283 | 13.7 ± 0.7[2][lower-alpha 1] | ~0.8 | 190 ly[3] | Milky Way, 19° north of Galactic Centre, closer than the Galactic bulge. |
| 2MASS J18082002−5104378 | 13.53[4][5] | ~0.8 | 1 950 ly | Milky Way thin disk |
| BD+17°3248 | 13.8 ± 4[6][lower-alpha 1] | ~0.8 | 968 ly | Milky Way halo |
| HE 1219-0312 | 13.6 | ~0.8 | 32 000 ly | Milky Way halo |
| HD 164922 | 13.6 | ~0.85 | 72 ly | Milky Way halo |
| HD 221170 | 13.6 | ~0.8 | 1 800 ly | Milky Way halo |
| SMSS J031300.36−670839.3 | 13.4[7] | ~0.75 | 6 000 ly | Milky Way halo or Globular clusters |
| BPS CS22957-0027 or HE 2356-0410 | 13.4 | ~0.8 | 36 000 ly | Milky Way halo |
| J173823.38-145701.1[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.85 | 28 000 ly (8.5 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| J182048.26-273329.2[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.8 | 20 000 ly (6.0 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| J183744.90-280831.1[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.8 | 57 400 ly (17.6 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| J183647.89-274333.1[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.8 | 22 000 ly (6.6 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| J183812.72-270746.3[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.8 | 40 100 ly (12.3 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| J183719.09-262725.0[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.8 | 32 600 ly (10.0 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| J184201.19-302159.6[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.8 | 31 000 ly (9.6 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| J184656.07-292351.5[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.75 | 31 000 ly (9.5 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| J181406.68-313106.1[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.8 | 30 000 ly (9.3 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| J181317.69-343801.9[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.75 | 21 000 ly (6.5 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| J181219.68-343726.4[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.75 | 26 000 ly (8.0 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| J181609.62-333218.7[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.8 | 33 900 ly (10.4 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| J181634.60-340342.5[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.8 | 34 200 ly (10.5 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| J175544.54-392700.9[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.8 | 44 000 ly (13.5 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| J175455.52-380339.3[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.8 | 44 000 ly (13.5 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| J175746.58-384750.0[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.75 | 30 000 ly (9.1 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| J181736.59-391303.3[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.8 | 51 200 ly (15.7 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| J181505.16-385514.9[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.8 | 16 000 ly (5.0 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| J181921.64-381429.0[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.8 | 36 500 ly (11.2 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| J175722.68-411731.8[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.85 | 40 400 ly (12.4 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| J175021.86-414627.1[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.8 | 13 000 ly (4.1 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| J175636.59-403545.9[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.8 | 32 000 ly (9.8 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| J175433.19-411048.9[8] | 13.2 or more[9] | ~0.8 | 18 000 ly (5.6 kpc) | Milky Way bulge |
| BPS CS22949-0037 or HE 2323-0256 | 13.2 | ~0.8 | 22 000 ly | Milky Way halo |
| HE 0557-4840 | 13.2 | ~0.85 | 45 000 ly | Milky Way halo |
| HE 1327-2326 | 13.2 | ~0.75 | 4 000 ly | Milky Way halo |
| HE 1523-0901 | 13.2 | ~0.8 | 7 500 ly | Milky Way halo |
| HE 2327-5642 | 13.2 | ~0.8 | 18 000 ly | Milky Way halo |
| HE 2252-4225 | 13 | ~0.85 | 75 000 ly | Milky Way halo |
| Caffau's Star or SDSS J102915+172927 | 13 | ~0.8 | 4 500 ly (1.37+.15 −.12 kpc) |
Milky Way halo |
| SDSS J001820.5−093939.2 | 13 | ~0.8 | 40 000 ly | Milky Way halo |
| HE 0107-5240 | 13 | ~0.8 | 36 000 ly | Milky Way halo |
| HE 0020-1741 | 13 | ~0.8 | 22 000 ly | Milky Way halo |
| Sneden's Star or BPS CS22892-0052 | 13 | ~0.8 | 15 300 ly | Milky Way halo |
| Cayrel's Star or BPS CS31082-0001 | 13 | ~0.8 | 14 000 ly (4 kpc) |
Milky Way halo |
| HD 122563 | 13 | ~0.85 | 770 ly | Milky Way halo |
| HD 130322 | 13 | ~0.8 | 103 ly | Milky Way halo |
Footnotes
References
- ↑ Barkana, Rennan (1 March 2018). "Possible interaction between baryons and dark-matter particles revealed by the first stars". Nature. 555 (7694): 71–74. arXiv:1803.06698. Bibcode:2018Natur.555...71B. doi:10.1038/nature25791. PMID 29493590. S2CID 4391544.
- ↑ Creevey, O.L.; Thévenin, F.; Berio, P.; Heiter, U.; von Braun, K.; Mourard, D.; et al. (2015). "Benchmark stars for Gaia fundamental properties of the Population II star HD 140283 from interferometric, spectroscopic, and photometric data". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 575: A26. arXiv:1410.4780. Bibcode:2015A&A...575A..26C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201424310. S2CID 18003446.
- ↑ David Crookes (7 March 2022). "Methuselah: The oldest star in the universe". Space.com. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
- ↑ Schlaufman, Kevin C.; Thompson, Ian B.; Casey, Andrew R. (5 November 2018). "An ultra metal-poor star near the hydrogen-burning limit". The Astrophysical Journal. 867 (2): 98. arXiv:1811.00549. Bibcode:2018ApJ...867...98S. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aadd97. S2CID 54511945.
- ↑ "One of Milky Way's oldest stars discovered". SciNews.com. 6 November 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
- ↑ Cowan, John J.; Sneden, Christopher; Burles, Scott; Ivans, Inese I.; Beers, Timothy C.; Truran, James W.; et al. (June 2002). "The Chemical Composition and Age of the Metal-poor Halo Star BD +17°3248". The Astrophysical Journal. 572 (2): 861–879. arXiv:astro-ph/0202429. Bibcode:2002ApJ...572..861C. doi:10.1086/340347. S2CID 119503888.
- ↑ Ishigaki, Miho N.; Tominaga, Nozomu; Kobayashi, Chiaki; Nomoto, Ken'ichi (2014). "Faint Population III supernovae as the origin of the most iron-poor stars". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 792 (2): L32. arXiv:1404.4817. Bibcode:2014ApJ...792L..32I. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/792/2/L32. S2CID 119012372.
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Howes, L.M.; Casey, A.R.; Asplund, M.; Keller, S.C.; Yong, D.; Nataf, D.M.; et al. (26 November 2015). "Extremely metal-poor stars from the cosmic dawn in the bulge of the Milky Way". Nature. 527 (7579): 484–487. arXiv:1511.03930. Bibcode:2015Natur.527..484H. doi:10.1038/nature15747. hdl:2299/19217. PMID 26560034. S2CID 4446599. - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Tumlinson, Jason (2010). "Chemical evolution in hierarchical models of cosmic structure. II. The formation of the Milky Way stellar halo and the distribution of the oldest stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 708 (2): 1398–1418. arXiv:0911.1786. Bibcode:2010ApJ...708.1398T. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1398. S2CID 118367629.
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