This article lists rivers by their average discharge measured in descending order of their water flow rate. Here, only those rivers whose discharge is more than 2,000 m3/s (71,000 cu ft/s) are shown. It can be thought of as a list of the biggest rivers on earth, measured by a specific metric.

For context, the volume of an Olympic-size swimming pool is 2,500 m3. The average flow rate at the mouth of the Amazon is sufficient to fill more than 83 such pools each second. The combined flow of all the rivers in this list adds up to 1,192,134 m3/s.

No Continent River Average
discharge
(m3/s)		 Length Drainage area
(km2)		 Outflow Type
(km) (miles)
1 South America Amazon 224,000 6,992 4,344 6,915,000 Atlantic Ocean Primary river[1]
2 Asia Padma 43,900 2,800 1,739 1,999,000 Bay of Bengal Primary river[2]
3 Africa Congo (Zaire) 41,200 4,370 2,716 3,822,000 Atlantic Ocean Primary river[1]
4 South America Orinoco 37,740 2,250 1,398 989,000 Atlantic Ocean Primary river[3]
5 South America Guainía/Negro 35,943 2,230 1,390 691,000 Amazon River Tributary river[4]
6 Asia Yangtze 35,000 6,300 3,915 1,840,000 East China Sea, Pacific Ocean Primary river[1]
7 South America Madeira 31,200 1,450 900 1,376,000 Amazon River Tributary river[5][6]
8 South America Río de la Plata 27,225 290 180 3,182,064 Atlantic Ocean Primary river[7]
9 Asia Brahmaputra 19,825 2,900 1,800 651,335 Ganges (Padma) Tributary river[2]
10 Asia Yenisei 19,800 3,438 2,136 2,580,000 Kara Sea, Arctic Ocean Primary river[1]
11 South America Paraná 19,706 4,880 3,050 2,582,672 Río de la Plata Tributary river[7]
12 Asia Ganges 18,691 2,525 1,569 1,300,000 Bay of Bengal Primary river[2]
13 North America Mississippi 18,434 3,766 2,340 3,248,000 Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean Primary river[8][9]
14 South America Japurá (Caquetá) 18,122 2,036 1,265 267,730 Amazon River Tributary river[10][11]
15 Asia Lena 17,067 4,294 2,668 2,490,000 Laptev Sea, Arctic Ocean Primary river[1][12]
16 North America Saint Lawrence 16,800 500 310 1,344,200 Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean Primary river[13]
17 South America Marañón 16,708 1,737 1,079 358,000 Amazon River Tributary river
18 Asia Mekong 16,000 4,023 2,500 811,000 South China Sea, Pacific Ocean Primary river[1]
19 Asia Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwady) 15,112 2,210 1,370 413,710 Andaman Sea, Indian Ocean Primary river[2]
20 South America Tapajós 13,540 840 520 492,481 Amazon River Tributary river[14]
21 South America Ucayali 13,385 2,670 1,659 351,549 Amazon River Tributary river[15]
22 Asia Ob 13,100 4,345 2,299 2,990,000 Gulf of Ob, Arctic Ocean Primary river[1]
23 South America Tocantins 11,796 2,699 1,677 764,183 Atlantic Ocean, Pará Primary river[note 1][16]
24 Asia Amur 11,330 4,444 1,755 1,855,000 Sea of Okhotsk, Pacific Ocean Primary river[17][18]
25 Africa Kasai (Kwa) 11,318 2,272 1,405 881,890 Congo River Tributary river[19]
26 South America Purus 10,970 3,211 1,995 371,042 Amazon River Tributary river[14][20]
27 North America Mackenzie 10,338 1,738 1,080 1,787,000 Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean Primary river[1]
28 South America Xingu 9,680 2,240 1,392 531,250 Amazon River Tributary river[14][21]
29 Asia Pearl (Xi) 9,500 2,400 1,491 437,000 South China Sea Primary river[22]
30 South America Madre de Dios 9,350 1,347 837 282,000 Madeira River Tributary river
31 South America Putumayo (Içá) 8,520 1,813 1,121 148,000 Amazon River Tributary river[23]
32 Europe Volga 8,220 3,531 2,194 1,380,000 Caspian Sea Primary river
33 South America Mamoré 8,150 1,930 1,199 611,800 Madeira River Tributary river
34 North America Ohio 7,957 1,579 981 490,601 Mississippi River[note 2] Tributary river[24]
35 Africa Niger 7,900 4,200 2,600 2,117,000 Atlantic Ocean Primary river[25][26]
36 South America Guaviare 7,529 1,497 930 140,000 Orinoco River Tributary river[3]
37 North America Columbia 7,504 2,044 1,243 668,217 Pacific Ocean Primary river[27]
38 Oceania Fly 7,500 1,060 649 76,000 Gulf of Papua, Coral Sea, Pacific Ocean Primary river[28]
39 South America Magdalena 7,200 1,540 963 257,438 Atlantic Ocean Primary river
40 South America Uruguay 7,058 1,838 1,140 353,451 Río de la Plata Tributary river[7]
41 Oceania Sepik 7,000 1,146 700 80,321 Bismarck Sea, Pacific Ocean Primary river[29]
42 North America Yukon 6,800 3,187 1,980 850,000 Bering Sea, Pacific Ocean Primary river[1]
43 South America Napo 6,660 1,075 665 100,518 Amazon River Tributary river[30]
44 Asia Salween 6,600 2,815 1,749 320,000 Andaman Sea, Indian Ocean Primary river
45 Europe Danube 6,546 2,860 1,777 801,463 Black Sea, Atlantic Ocean Primary river[31]
46 Asia Kapuas 6,500 1,143 710 98,749 South China Sea, Pacific Ocean Primary river
47 South America Araguaia 6,420 2,627 1,632 377,000 Tocantins River Tributary river[32][10]
48 South America Juruá 6,004 3,283 1,498 186,000 Amazon Tributary river[33]
49 Africa Ubangi (Oubangui) 5,936 2,272 1,405 651,915 Congo River Tributary river[34]
50 North America Niagara 5,885 58 36 684,000 Lake Ontario Tributary river[35]
51 South America Meta 5,694 1,200 742 103,000 Orinoco River Tributary river[3]
52 South America Essequibo 5,650 1,014 627 150,769 Atlantic Ocean Primary river[36]
53 Asia Meghna 5,603 165 588 85,401 Lower (Meghna) Tributary river[37]
54 Asia Indus 5,533 3,180 2,000 1,081,718 Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean Primary river[38]
55 Oceania Mamberamo 5,500 1,175 727 78,992 Pacific Ocean Primary river[39]
56 Asia Barito 5,497 1,090 550 81,675 Java Sea, Pacific Ocean Primary river[40]
57 Asia Aldan 5,489 2,273 1,412 729,000 Lena River Tributary river[10]
58 South America Branco 5,400 775 479 195,000 Rio Negro Tributary river
59 North America Detroit 5,300 44 28 1,800 Lake Erie Primary river[note 3]
60 South America Javari 5,224 1,184 732 109,680 Amazon River Tributary river[41][42]
61 North America St. Clair 5,200 65 40 583,000 Lake St. Clair Tributary river[43]
62 Asia Mahakam 5,000 980 609 77,095 Makassar Strait, Pacific Ocean Primary river[44]
63 South America Caroní 4,981 952 595 95,000 Orinoco Tributary river[3]
64 Africa Ogooué (Ogowe) 4,935 1,200 747 223,856 Atlantic Ocean Primary river[45]
65 South America Paraguay 4,696 2,621 1,629 1,120,154 Parana River Tributary river[7]
66 Asia Chindwin 4,636 1,207 750 114,000 Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwady) River Tributary river
67 Europe Pechora 4,533 1,809 1,124 289,532 Barents Sea, Arctic Ocean Primary river
68 Asia Angara 4,530 1,779 1,100 1,079,000 Yenisei River Tributary river
69 Africa Ruki 4,500 1,300 804 173,790 Congo River Tributary river[46]
70 South America Juruena 4,350 1,240 770 192,628 Tapajós Tributary river
71 Asia Red (Hong) 4,300 1,149 714 143,600 Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea, Pacific Ocean Primary river[47]
72 Asia Kolyma 4,190 2,129 1,317 644,000 East Siberian Sea, Arctic Ocean Primary river
73 South America Atrato 4,140 750 466 36,231 Atlantic Ocean Primary river[48][49]
74 Africa Zambezi 4,134 2,400 1,599 1,331,000 Indian Ocean Primary river[50]
75 Europe Kama 4,100 1,805 1,122 507,000 Volga River Tributary river
76 South America Apaporis 4,092 1,370 847 54,300 Japurá River Tributary river
77 South America Aripuanã 4,087 870 540 145,000 Madeira River Tributary river[51]
78 South America Vaupés/Uaupes 4,040 1,050 649 67,800 Rio Negro Tributary river
79 Oceania Digul 4,000 853 530 45,900 Arafura Sea Primary river
80 Oceania Strickland 4,000 824 512 36,740 Fly Tributary river[52]
81 South America Teles Pires 4,000 1,638 1,013 141,718 Tapajós Tributary river
82 South America Huallaga 3,796 1,138 704 95,000 Marañón Tributary river[53]
83 Asia Nizhnyaya Tunguska 3,697 2,989 1,848 473,000 Yenisei River Tributary river
84 North America Grijalva/Usumacinta 3,661 1,000 620 134,400 Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean Primary river[54]
85 Asia Rajang 3,600 563 350 50,707 South China Sea, Pacific Ocean Primary river[55]
86 South America Caura 3,545 723 449 52,000 Orinoco River Tributary river[3]
87 Asia Godavari 3,505 1,465 910 312,812 Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean Primary river
88 Africa Benue 3,477 1,370 847 319,000 Niger River Tributary river[56]
89 North America Fraser 3,475 1,375 854 220,000 Pacific Ocean Primary river
90 Asia Kaladan 3,468 450 278 40,000 Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean Primary river
91 South America Jutai 3,462 1,200 742 74,000 Amazon River Tributary river[57]
92 North America Slave 3,451 434 270 616,400 Great Slave Lake Tributary river[58]
93 Asia Lohit 3,438 460 285 50,000 Brahmaputra Tributary river[54]
94 Europe Northern Dvina 3,332 744 462 357,052 White Sea, Barents Sea, Arctic Ocean Primary river[18]
95 Asia Khatanga 3,320 1,636 1,012 364,000 Khatanga Gulf, Laptev Sea, Arctic Ocean Primary river
96 Oceania Purari 3,300 630 390 33,670 Gulf of Papua, Coral Sea, Pacific Ocean Primary river[59]
97 Oceania Kikori 3,274 405 250 23,309 Gulf of Papua, Coral Sea, Pacific Ocean Primary river
98 South America Inírida 3,200 1,300 804 54,000 Guaviare River Tributary river
99 Oceania Pulau 3,133 569 353 37,164 Arafura Sea, Pacific Ocean Primary river[59]
100 Asia Musi 3,054 759 471 59,942 South China Sea, Pacific Ocean Primary river[60]
101 Asia Subansiri 3,003 442 275 35,763 Brahmaputra Tributary river[61]
102 Asia Ghaghara 2,993 1,080 671 127,950 Ganga River Tributary river[62]
103 Asia Irtysh 2,980 4,248 2,627 1,673,470 Ob River Tributary river
104 Asia Shatt al-Arab 2,960 200 120 884,000 Persian Gulf Primary river[63]
105 Asia Yamuna 2,949 1,376 855 366,223 Ganga River Tributary river[62]
106 South America São Francisco 2,943 2,830 1,758 641,000 Atlantic Ocean Primary river
107 Asia Srepok 2,940 450 279 79,015 Mekong Tributary river[54]
108 Asia Panjnad 2,910 71 44 395,000 Indus Tributary river[64]
109 Europe Rhine 2,900 1,233 820 198,735 North Sea, Atlantic Ocean Primary river[65]
110 Asia Yarlung Tsangpo 2,899 1,125 699 241,691 Brahmaputra Tributary River[66]

[67]

111 South America Beni 2,875 1,100 680 131,500 Madre de Dios River Tributary river
112 Asia Gan 2,861 599 372 103,107 Yangtze River Tributary river
113 South America Trombetas 2,855 1,060 656 135,239 Amazon River Tributary river
114 Asia Min 2,850 735 133,000 Yangtze River Tributary river[68]
115 Africa Nile 2,810 6,853 4,258 3,349,000 Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean Primary river[1]
116 North America Koksoak 2,800 137 85 133,400 Ungava Bay, Arctic Ocean Primary river
117 South America Pastaza 2,769 740 458 41,000 Marañón Tributary river[53]
118 South America Iriri 2,745 1,300 810 130,000 Xingu River Tributary river
119 South America Tigre 2,720 940 581 54,200 Marañón Tributary river[53]
120 South America Cuyuni 2,719 618 384 85,635 Essequibo Tributary river[69]
121 Africa Kwango 2,700 1,100 680 263,500 Kasai River Tributary river
122 Asia Mali Hka 2,693 320 200 23,221 Irrawaddy Tributary river[70]
123 Asia Batang Hari 2,643 800 497 46,504 South China Sea, Pacific Ocean Primary river[60]
124 Asia Yellow 2,571 5,464 3,395 752,000 East China Sea, Pacific Ocean Primary river
125 Asia Pyasina 2,550 818 508 182,000 Kara Sea, Arctic Ocean Primary river
126 Asia Amu Darya 2,525 2,400 1,491 534,739 Aral Sea Primary river
127 Africa Sankuru 2,500 1,200 756 156,000 Kasai River Tributary river
128 South America Tietê 2,500 1,150 715 150,000 Paraná River Tributary river
129 Asia Koshi 2,500 729 453 69,300 Ganga River Tributary river[62]
130 Africa Sangha 2,471 790 489 213,400 Congo River Tributary river
131 Africa Cross 2,465 489 304 53,590 Gulf of Guinea, Atlantic Ocean Primary river[54]
132 Asia Songhua 2,463 1,434 887 557,180 Amur River Tributary river
133 Asia Ghorautra 2,463 90 56 24,060 Meghna Tributary river[37]
134 Asia Kayan 2,454 576 358 33,005 Celebes Sea, Pacific Ocean Primary river[71]
135 Europe Neva 2,445 74 46 281,000 Baltic Sea, Atlantic Ocean Primary river[72]
136 North America Missouri 2,445 3,767 2,341 1,371,010 Mississippi River Tributary river[18]
137 North America Liard 2,434 1,115 693 277,100 Mackenzie River Tributary river
138 South America Guapore 2,430 1,260 783 341,000 Mamoré River Tributary river
139 South America Ituí 2,422 558 347 43,403 Javari Tributary river[41][42]
140 South America Rio Grande 2,400 1,360 841 143,000 Paraná River Tributary river
141 South America Paragua 2,389 550 340 39,605 Caroní Tributary river[73]
142 North America Nelson 2,370 2,575 1600 982,900 Hudson Bay, Arctic Ocean Primary river
143 South America Cauca 2,364 1,180 730 59,840 Magdalena River Tributary river
144 South America Yarí 2,360 620 383 31,650 Japurá River Tributary river
145 South America Urubamba 2,330 724 448 60,300 Ucayali Tributary river[53]
146 South America Apure 2,300 1,038 645 121,400 Orinoco River Tributary river[3]
147 South America Uatumã 2,291 701 436 67,920 Amazon Tributary river[74]
148 South America Içana 2,279 676 420 35,675 Rio Negro Tributary river[75]
149 South America Jamanxim 2,217 666 414 58,771 Tapajós Tributary river[76]
150 Asia Krishna River 2,213 1,400 870 258,948 Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean Primary river
151 Africa Aruwimi 2,200 1,287 799 116,100 Congo River Tributary river[77]
152 North America Red River 2,187 2,190 1,360 239,195 Atchafalaya Tributary river[78]
153 Asia Xiang 2,157 948 589 94,721 Yangtze River Tributary river
154 South America Curaray 2,155 800 500 26,775 Napo Tributary river[53]
155 North America Tennessee 2,140 1,049 652 105,870 Ohio Tributary river[79]
156 North America St. Marys 2,135 120 75 127,700 Lake Huron Tributary river
157 South America Canumã 2,135 900 560 52,433 Madeira Tributary river[80]
158 Asia Jialing 2,120 1,345 836 160,000 Yangtze River Tributary river[68]
159 Asia Mahanadi 2,119 900 560 141,600 Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean Primary river
160 North America Mobile 2,118 72 45 112,530 Mobile Bay, Gulf of Mexico Primary river[81]
161 North America Peace 2,110 1,923 1,195 306,000 Slave River Tributary river
162 Asia Olyokma 2,110 1,436 892 210,000 Lena River Tributary river
163 Asia Yuan 2,106 864 537 93,287 Yangtze Tributary river[82]
164 South America Ji-Paraná 2,100 820 510 76,127 Madeira Tributary river[83]
165 South America Jacuí 2,087 723 449 71,808 Lagoa dos Patos Primary river[84]
166 Africa Sanaga 2,072 1,067 663 132,990 Gulf of Guinea, Atlantic Ocean Primary river[77]
167 South America San Juan 2,055 380 240 15,000 Pacific Ocean Primary river
168 Asia Hongshui 2,049 669.6 416.1 141,674 Xi River Tributary river
169 Africa Lulonga 2,040 200 120 76,950 Congo Tributary river[85]
170 Asia Gandaki 2,025 814 506 46,300 Ganga River Tributary river
171 Asia Anadyr 2,020 1,150 710 191,000 Gulf of Anadyr, Bering Sea Primary river[86]
172 South America Ventuari 2,000 520 322 40,000 Orinoco River Tributary river
173 South America Vichada 2,000 580 359 25,000 Orinoco River Tributary river
Relative Size of the Largest Rivers on Earth

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Amazon river water flows into its estuary through Santa Mario River Channel
  2. ↑ Because it has a larger discharge than the Mississippi River at their confluence, the Ohio River is technically the main stream of the Mississippi River System
  3. ↑ If considered a river. The Detroit River may also be seen as a strait connecting Lake St. Clair with Lake Erie and separating the Lower Peninsula of Michigan from the Ontario Peninsula.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Gupta, Avijit (2007). Large rivers: geomorphology and management. John Wiley and Sons. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-470-84987-3. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Webersik, Christian (2010). Climate Change and Security: A Gathering Storm of Global Challenges. Praeger. p. 45. ISBN 9780313380075.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 José Rafael, Córdova; Marcelo González, Sanabria. "La geografía del agua" (PDF).
  4. ↑ Seyler, Patrick; Laurence Maurice-Bourgoin; Jean Loup Guyot. "Hydrological Control on the Temporal Variability of Trace Element Concentration in the Amazon River and its Main Tributaries". Geological Survey of Brazil (CPRM). Archived from the original on 21 February 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2010.
  5. ↑ Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA) e Secretaria Nacional de Recursos Hídricos ()
  6. ↑ R. Ziesler and G.D. Ardizzone: The Inland Waters of Latin America. COPESCAL Technical Paper No. 1, FAO, Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Service, Rome 1979
  7. 1 2 3 4 Balance hídrico en la Cuenca del Plata. Disponibilidad y usos, considerando escenarios futuros. Modelos de gestión [Water balance in the La Plata Basin. Availability and uses, considering future scenarios. Management models] (PDF) (in Spanish). Comité Intergubernamental Coordinador de los Países de la Cuenca del Plata. December 2016. ISBN 978-987-4187-09-3.
  8. ↑ Kammerer, J.C. (May 1990). "Largest Rivers in the United States". U.S. Geological Survey. Archived from the original on June 30, 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
  9. ↑ "USGS Surface-Water Annual Statistics for Louisiana". United States Geological Survey.
  10. 1 2 3 GRDC Database Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ↑ "PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III" (PDF). Jan 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-05-06. Retrieved 2021-10-03.
  12. ↑ Kalugin, A. S. (1 October 2018). "Variations of the Present-Day Annual and Seasonal Runoff in the Far East and Siberia with the Use of Regional Hydrological and Global Climate Models". Water Resources. 45 (1): 102–111. doi:10.1134/S0097807818050366. S2CID 134779637.
  13. ↑ Benke, Arthur C.; Cushing, Colbert E. (2005). Rivers of North America. Academic Press. pp. 989–990. ISBN 978-0-12-088253-3. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
  14. 1 2 3 Lynch, Christine (2012). "The Amazon River Basin; CE 397 – Transboundary Waters" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-28.
  15. ↑ Colquehuanca Quispe, Jannet Vaneza (2015). Estudio hidrogeológico en la cabecera de la sub cuenca de Macuya, mediante Prospección Geofísica [Hydrogeological study at the head of the Macuya sub-basin, through Geophysical Prospecting] (Thesis) (in Spanish).
  16. ↑ The Hydrographi Region of The Amazon
  17. ↑ "Drainage Basins of the Sea of Okhotsk and Sea of Japan" (PDF). pp. 62–67.
  18. 1 2 3 Rivers of the Earth Archived August 14, 2004, at the Wayback Machine
  19. ↑ Becker, M.; Papa, F.; Frappart, F.; Alsdorf, D.; Calmant, S.; Da Silva, J. Santos; Prigent, C.; Seyler, F. (2018). "Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin". International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 66: 196–209. Bibcode:2018IJAEO..66..196B. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015. S2CID 6873734.
  20. ↑ "PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III" (PDF). Jan 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-05-06. Retrieved 2021-10-03.
  21. ↑ "PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III" (PDF). Jan 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-05-06. Retrieved 2021-10-03.
  22. ↑ "Chapter 5: Plate D-6 — GES DISC: Goddard Earth Sciences, Data & Information Services Center". Disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-02-03. Retrieved 2012-11-08.
  23. ↑ "PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III" (PDF). Jan 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-05-06. Retrieved 2021-10-03.
  24. ↑ Leeden, Frits van der; Fcrimson L. Troise; David Keith Todd (1990). The Water Encyclopedia (2nd ed.). Chelsea, Mich.: Lewis Publishers. p. 126. ISBN 0-87371-120-3.
  25. ↑ Inger, Andersen; Ousmane, Dione; Martha, Jarosewich-Holder; Jean-Claude, Olivry; Katherin, George Golitzen (2005). The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management. World Bank. ISBN 9780821362037.
  26. ↑ Itolima, Ologhadien. "Developments in river bank protection schemes in the lower Niger Delta basin".
  27. ↑ "Columbia River System Operations Final Environmental Impact Statement" (PDF). United States Department of the Interior.
  28. ↑ "The Fly River catchment Papua New Guinea : A regional environmental assessment". 29 January 2016. Archived from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  29. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-03-22. Retrieved 2021-11-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  30. ↑ Laborde, Jorge Lopez (January 2010). "Estudio Binacional de Navegabilidad del río Napo".
  31. ↑ "Points of view expressed by the Romanian authorities and scientific research institute" (PDF).
  32. ↑ Aquino, Samia; Latrubesse, Edgardo; Bayer, Maximiliano (2009). "Assessment of wash load transport in the Araguaia River (Aruanã Gauge Station), central Brazil". Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis. 16 (2): 119–128.
  33. ↑ "PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III" (PDF). Jan 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-05-06. Retrieved 2021-10-03.
  34. ↑ Becker, M.; Papa, F.; Frappart, F.; Alsdorf, D.; Calmant, S.; da Silva, J. Santos; Prigent, C.; Seyler, F. (April 2018). "Satellite-based estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin". International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 66: 196–209. Bibcode:2018IJAEO..66..196B. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015. S2CID 6873734.
  35. ↑ "Niagara River".
  36. ↑ Verkenning effecten versnelde zeespiegelstijging op dynamiek Westerschelde estuariene systeem [Exploration of the effects of accelerated sea level rise on the dynamics of the Western Scheldt estuarine system] (in Dutch). DHV Milieu en Infrastructuur BV. 18 June 1998.
  37. 1 2 "Ganga Delta".
  38. ↑ Khan, Abul A.; Pant, Naresh C.; Goswami, Anuj; Lal, Ravish; Joshi, Rajesh (2015). "Critical Evaluation and Assessment of Average Annual Precipitation in the Indus, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra Basins, Northern India". Dynamics of Climate Change and Water Resources of Northwestern Himalaya. Society of Earth Scientists Series. pp. 67–84. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13743-8_7. ISBN 978-3-319-13742-1.
  39. ↑ "Country Report Implementation of Demonstration Project Mamberamo River Basin INDONESIA - PDF Free Download".
  40. ↑ "Strategi & Kebijakan Pengelolaan Wilayah Sungai Barito - Kapuas Dalam Rangka Mendukung Pengembangan Kawasan Perkotaan Yang Berkelanjutan | PDF".
  41. 1 2 "Middle Amazon".
  42. 1 2 "PLANO ESTADUAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO AMAZONAS, (PERH/AM) - RT 03 - DIAGNÓSTICO, PROGNÓSTICO E CENÁRIOS FUTUROS DO RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO ESTADO - TOMO III" (PDF). Jan 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-05-06. Retrieved 2023-02-11.
  43. ↑ "Detection of Conveyance Changes in St.Clair River Using Inverse One-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Modelling" (PDF).
  44. ↑ "PEMODELAN KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI MAHAKAM SEBAGAI DASAR PERENCANAAN PENGELOLAAN LAHAN WILAYAH PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR - PDF Free Download".
  45. ↑ Modeling the Ogooué river discharge based on multi-missions altimetry data. AGU Chapman Conference on Hydrologic Research in the Congo Basin. Washington DC. September 2018.
  46. ↑ "Bassin du Zaïre" (PDF).
  47. ↑ Krystian W. Pilarczyk (January 2003). "Bank erosion Mekong Delta and Red River".
  48. ↑ Wilmar, Loaiza Cerón (2020). "Streamflow Intensification Driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the Atrato River Basin, Northwestern Colombia". Water. 12: 216. doi:10.3390/w12010216. hdl:10251/176393.
  49. ↑ "Chapter 14" (PDF). The Pacific and Caribbean Rivers of Colombia: Water Discharge, Sediment Transport and Dissolved Loads. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-25. Retrieved 2011-07-13.
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  56. ↑ "AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING: An Introduction to Agricultural Engineering".
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  59. 1 2 "Deltares".
  60. 1 2 "sda.pu.go.id".
  61. ↑ "Lower Brahmaputra".
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  64. ↑ "Sutlej".
  65. ↑ Rhine case study; Technical documents in hydrology: PC-CP series; Vol.:17; 2003
  66. ↑ "YARLUNG TSANGPO (BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER) IN TIBET".
  67. ↑ "Upper Brahmaputra".
  68. 1 2 Shen, Zhiliang (23 January 2019). Studies of the Biogeochemistry of Typical Estuaries and Bays in China. Springer. ISBN 9783662581698.
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  73. ↑ "Caroni".
  74. ↑ "Lower Amazon".
  75. ↑ "Amazon Negro".
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  77. 1 2 "FAO".
  78. ↑ "Lower Red-Ouachita".
  79. ↑ "Lower Tennessee".
  80. ↑ "Madeira".
  81. ↑ "Mobile-Tombigbee".
  82. ↑ "Yuan Jiang".
  83. ↑ Vieira da Silva, Carlos; Morelli Tucci, Carlos Eduardo; Almir Cirilo, José; Pimentel da Silva, Luciene; Corrêa Roturno Filho, Otto; Le Guennec, Benoit (2006). "SIMULAÇÃO HIDROLÓGICA NA AMAZÔNIA: RIO MADEIRA".
  84. ↑ "Jacui".
  85. ↑ Thibault, Lambert; Steven, Bouillon; François, Darchambeau; Philippe, Massicotte; Alberto, V. Borges. "Shift in the chemical composition of dissolved organic matter in the Congo River network" (PDF).
  86. ↑ Christer, Nilsson; Catherine, Reidy, Liermann; Mats, Dynesius; Carmen, Revenga (2005). "Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System". Science. 308 (5720): 405–408. doi:10.1126/science.1107887. PMID 15831757. S2CID 34820022.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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