This is a list of turnpikes built and operated by private companies or non-profit turnpike trusts in the U.S. state of Connecticut, mainly in the 19th century. While most of the roads are still maintained as free public roads, some have been abandoned.
List
| Name | Chartered | Routing | Approximate modern designation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mohegan Road | May 1792 | New London - Uncasville - Norwich | Route 32 | First toll road in New England and second in the country (the first was the road over Snicker's Gap, Virginia, chartered in 1785) |
| Greenwich Road | October 1792 | Boston Post Road in Greenwich | U.S. Route 1 | Became part of the Connecticut Turnpike in 1806 |
| New London and Windham County Turnpike | May 1795 | Norwich - Jewett City - Plainfield - Oneco - Rhode Island (Providence and Norwich Turnpike) | Route 12, Route 14A | |
| Oxford Turnpike | May 1795 | Southbury - Oxford - Seymour[1] | Route 67 | |
| Hartford, New London, Windham and Tolland County Turnpike | October 1795 | Manchester - Bolton - Andover - Columbia - Lebanon - Yantic | Route 85, Bolton Center Road, U.S. Route 6, Route 87 | |
| Norwalk and Danbury Turnpike | October 1795 | Wilton - Georgetown - Bethel | U.S. Route 7 - Route 107, Umpawaug Road,[2] Route 53 | |
| Fairfield, Weston and Reading Turnpike | May 1797 | Bethel - Redding Ridge - Easton[3][4] | Sunset Hill Road, Route 58 | |
| Straits Turnpike | October 1797 | New Haven - Naugatuck - Watertown - Litchfield | Route 69, Litchfield Turnpike, Route 63 | |
| New Milford and Litchfield Turnpike | October 1797 | New Milford - New Preston - Bantam | U.S. Route 202 | |
| Boston Turnpike | October 1797 | East Hartford - Manchester - Mansfield - Ashford - Pomfret - Thompson - Massachusetts (Ninth Massachusetts Turnpike) | U.S. Route 44, Route 244, Freedley Road, West Thompson Road, Route 193, East Thompson Road | |
| Talcott Mountain Turnpike | May 1798 | Hartford - Avon - Canton - New Hartford | U.S. Route 44 | |
| Ousatonic Turnpike | May 1798 | New Milford - Lakeside - Derby | Much of the road has been destroyed by the Shepaug Dam and Stevenson Dam; the rest is Grove Street, River Road, and Route 34 | Portion north of the Stevenson Dam operated as the River Turnpike between 1834 and 1841 |
| Derby Turnpike | May 1798 | New Haven - Derby | Route 34 | Last turnpike in Connecticut (stopped collecting tolls in 1895) |
| Greenwoods Turnpike | October 1798 | New Hartford - Winsted - Norfolk - Massachusetts (Twelfth Massachusetts Turnpike) | U.S. Route 44, Old Turnpike Road | |
| Hartford and New Haven Turnpike | October 1798 | New Haven - Meriden - Berlin - Hartford | Hartford Turnpike, Route 150, U.S. Route 5, Maple Avenue | |
| Litchfield and Harwinton Turnpike | October 1798 | Litchfield - Harwinton - Burlington | Route 118, Route 4 | |
| Windham Turnpike | May 1799 | North Coventry - Coventry - Willimantic - Windham - Scotland - Canterbury - Plainfield | Route 31, Route 32, Plains Road, Route 14, Route 14A | |
| Canaan and Litchfield Turnpike | May 1799 | Litchfield - Goshen - Canaan | Route 63, U.S. Route 7 | |
| Farmington River Turnpike | May 1800 | New Hartford - Riverton - Massachusetts (Tenth Massachusetts Turnpike) | Route 181, East River Road, Hogback Road, and a road buried by Colebrook River Lake | |
| Windham and Mansfield Turnpike | May 1800 | Yantic - Franklin - Windham - Mansfield - Storrs - Stafford - Massachusetts (Petersham and Monson Turnpike) | Route 32, Manning Bridge Road, Jerusalem Road, Route 203, Tuckie Road, Route 195, Route 320, Lohse Road, Stafford Street, Goodell Road, Old Monson Road, Route 32 | Part of the road operated by the Stafford Pool Turnpike, later the Stafford Mineral Spring Turnpike, after 1813 |
| Cheshire Turnpike | May 1800 | New Haven - Whitneyville - Hamden - Cheshire - Southington - Plainville | Whitney Avenue, Route 10 | |
| Granby Turnpike | October 1800 | Massachusetts - Granby - Tariffville - Hartford | Route 189 | |
| Hartford and New London Turnpike | October 1800 | East Hartford - Glastonbury - Marlborough - Colchester - Salem - New London | Route 2, Route 85 | |
| Farmington and Bristol Turnpike | May 1801 | Burlington - Farmington - West Hartford - Hartford | George Washington Turnpike, Red Oak Hill Road, Route 10, Route 4, Farmington Avenue | |
| Danbury and Ridgefield Turnpike | May 1801 | Danbury - Ridgefield | U.S. Route 7, Route 35 | |
| Torrington Turnpike | May 1801 | Litchfield - Torrington - Canton - West Simsbury | U.S. Route 202, Town Bridge Road, Simonds Avenue, Lawton Road, West Mountain Road | |
| Norwich and Woodstock Turnpike | May 1801 | Norwich - Canterbury - Brooklyn - Pomfret - Woodstock - Fabyan - Massachusetts; South Woodstock - North Woodstock - Massachusetts | Canterbury Turnpike, Paper Mill Road, Kinsman Hill Road, Route 169, Roseland Park Road, Paine District Road, Fabyan Road; Route 169 | |
| Salisbury and Canaan Turnpike | October 1801 | Huntsville - Falls Village - Lakeville - New York (Ulster and Delaware Turnpike) | Route 126, Falls Mountain Road, Farnum Road, U.S. Route 44 | |
| Bridgeport and Newtown Turnpike | October 1801 | Bridgeport - Trumbull - Botsford - Newtown - Brookfield | Route 111, Route 25, Currituck Road, Route 25 | |
| Waterbury River Turnpike | October 1801 | Naugatuck - Waterbury - Thomaston - Torrington - Winchester - Colebrook - Massachusetts (Fifteenth Massachusetts Turnpike) | Route 8, Newfield Road, Waterbury Turnpike, Millbrook Road, Route 183 | |
| Hartford and Tolland Turnpike | October 1801 | East Hartford - Vernon - Tolland | Tolland Turnpike, Route 30, Route 74 | |
| Pomfret and Killingly Turnpike | May 1802 | Pomfret - Putnam - Rhode Island (West Glocester Turnpike) | U.S. Route 44, Mantup Road, Hurry Hill Road, Chase Road (portions across the Quinebaug River and east of Putnam Heights no longer exist) | |
| Hebron and Middle Haddam Turnpike | May 1802 | Hebron - Marlborough - East Hampton - Middle Haddam | Route 66 | |
| Middlesex Turnpike | May 1802 | Rocky Hill - Cromwell - Middletown - Higganum - Haddam - Deep River - Old Saybrook | Route 99, Route 9, Route 154 | |
| New Preston Turnpike | May 1802 | New Preston - South Kent - New York | New Preston Hill Road, Cherniske Road, Barker Road, Meetinghouse Road, Camp Flats Road, Bulls Bridge Road | |
| New Haven and Milford Turnpike | May 1802 | New Haven - Milford | U.S. Route 1 | |
| Rimmon Falls Turnpike | May 1803 | Seymour - New Haven | Route 313, Route 243 | |
| Goshen and Sharon Turnpike | May 1803 | Torrington - Goshen - West Cornwall - Sharon - New York (Dutchess Turnpike) | Route 4, Route 128, Cornwall Road, Fairchild Road, Route 343 | |
| Stafford Pool Turnpike (Stafford Mineral Spring Turnpike after 1814) |
October 1803 | Tolland - Stafford Springs - Staffordville - Massachusetts (Worcester and Stafford Turnpike) | Old Stafford Road, Route 190, Stafford Street, New City Road | Operated part of the Windham and Mansfield Turnpike after 1813 |
| Washington Turnpike | October 1803 | Woodbury - Washington - New Preston | Route 47, Baldwin Hill Road | |
| Thompson Turnpike | October 1803 | Rhode Island (West Glocester Turnpike) - Thompson - Quinebaug - Massachusetts | Elmwood Hill Road, Quaddick Road, Route 200, Buckley Hill Road, Route 131 | |
| Middle Road Turnpike | October 1803 | Farmington - Bristol - Terryville - Plymouth - Thomaston - Watertown - Woodbury - Southbury - Newtown - Danbury | U.S. Route 6, Hamilton Avenue, Middle Road Turnpike, U.S. Route 6, Main Street South, Riverside Road, Church Hill Road, U.S. Route 6, Old Bethel Road, Walnut Hill Road, Shelter Rock Road | Split into the East Middle Turnpike and West Middle Turnpike at Woodbury in 1823 |
| Colchester and Norwich Turnpike | October 1805 | Colchester - Gilman - Yantic | Route 2 | |
| Cornwall and Washington Turnpike | October 1805 | Lower City - Cornwall - Romford - Woodbury | Route 43, Great Hollow Road (partly abandoned in Cornwall and partly covered by the Upper Shepaug Reservoir and Shepaug Reservoir), Valley Road, Romford Road, Nettleton Hollow Road | |
| Connecticut Turnpike | May 1806 | Fairfield - Southport - Westport - Norwalk - Darien - Stamford - Greenwich - New York (Westchester Turnpike) | U.S. Route 1 | Included the Greenwich Road (1792) |
| Connecticut and Rhode Island Turnpike | May 1806 | Rhode Island (Rhode Island and Connecticut Turnpike) - Killingly - Abington - Ashford | Route 101 | |
| Hartland Turnpike | May 1806 | Norfolk - Hartland - North Granby - Suffield | Route 182, Old North Road, Deer Hill Road, Robertsville Road, Route 20, Walnut Hill Road (cut by the Barkhamsted Reservoir), Mountain Road, East Street, Quarry Road, Phelps Road, Route 168, Bridge Street | |
| Warren Turnpike | May 1806 | Falls Village - West Cornwall - Cornwall Bridge - Warren - New Preston | Warren Turnpike, Lime Rock Station Road, Lower River Road, abandoned road on the east side of the Housatonic River, U.S. Route 7, Route 45 | |
| New London and Lyme Turnpike | May 1807 | New London - Waterford - East Lyme - Old Lyme | U.S. Route 1 | |
| Woodstock and Thompson Turnpike | May 1808 | Woodstock - Thompson | Child Hill Road, Bull Hill Road, (abandoned portion), Blain Road, Route 200 | |
| Middletown and Berlin Turnpike | May 1808 | Middletown - Berlin - Kensington - Plainville | Route 3, Route 372 | |
| Woodstock and Somers Turnpike | October 1808 | Woodstock - North Ashford - Orcutts - Somers | Pulpit Rock Road, Route 171, Lyon Road, Reich Road, abandoned portion, Hillside Road, Route 190, Collette Road, Route 319, Route 190 | |
| Colchester and Chatham Turnpike | October 1808 | Colchester - Cobalt - Portland | Route 16, Route 66 | |
| Columbia Turnpike | October 1808 | Willimantic - Columbia - Hebron | Pleasant Street, Old Willimantic Road, Route 66 | |
| Tolland County Turnpike | May 1809 | Ellington - Tolland - Willington - West Ashford | Snipsic Lake Road, Hurlbut Road, Doyle Road, Route 74 | |
| Sharon and Cornwall Turnpike | May 1809 | Calhoun Corners - Sharon | Swifts Bridge Road, Guinea Road, Route 4, Mitcheltown Road, Route 41 | |
| Chatham and Marlborough Turnpike | October 1809 | Marlborough - Portland | Portland Road, Old Marlborough Turnpike, Route 17A | |
| Middletown and Meriden Turnpike | October 1809 | Middletown - Meriden | Route 66 | |
| East Haddam and Colchester Turnpike | October 1809 | Colchester - East Haddam | Taintor Hill Road, School Road, Clark Road, East Haddam Colchester Turnpike, Orchard Road, Route 149 | |
| Durham and East Guilford Turnpike | May 1811 | Durham - Madison | Pisgah Road, Crooked Hill Road, Route 79 | |
| Southington and Waterbury Turnpike | October 1812 | Meriden - Milldale - Waterbury | Main Street, Route 322, Meriden Road | |
| Killingworth and Haddam Turnpike | October 1813 | Higganum - West Haddam - Killingworth - Clinton; West Haddam - Haddam | Route 81; Beaver Meadow Road | |
| Middletown, Durham and New Haven Turnpike | October 1813 | Middletown - Durham - Northford - New Haven | Route 17 | |
| Litchfield and Cornwall Turnpike | October 1814 | Litchfield - Cornwall | Milton Road, Seeley Road, College Street | |
| Haddam and Durham Turnpike | May 1815 | Higganum - Durham | Candlewood Hill Road, Higganum Road | |
| Still River Turnpike | May 1815 | Torrington - Winsted - Colebrook | Route 8 | |
| Chester and North Killingworth Turnpike | May 1816 | Chester - Killingworth | Route 148 | |
| New Milford and Sherman Turnpike | May 1818 | New Milford - Sherman - New York | Housatonic Avenue, Boardman Road, Route 37, Briggs Hill Road | |
| Pettipauge and Guilford Turnpike | October 1818 | Essex - Killingworth - Guilford | Main Street, Route 80, Madison Turnpike, Green Hill Road | |
| Groton and Stonington Turnpike | October 1818 | Groton - Old Mystic - Rhode Island (Hopkinton and Richmond Turnpike) | Route 184 | |
| Essex Turnpike | May 1822 | Essex - Laysville | Elys Ferry Road, Town Woods Road | |
| East Middle Turnpike | May 1823 | See Middle Road Turnpike (1803) | ||
| West Middle Turnpike | May 1823 | See Middle Road Turnpike (1803) | ||
| Salem and Hamburg Turnpike | May 1824 | Salem - Lyme | Route 82, Darling Road, Route 156, Cove Road | |
| Pines Bridge Turnpike | May 1824 | Pines Bridge - Middlebury - Woodbury | Route 42, Old Litchfield Turnpike, Chestnut Tree Hill Road, Long Meadow Road, Tranquility Road, Quassapaug Road | |
| Guilford and Durham Turnpike | May 1824 | Durham - Guilford | Route 77 | |
| Fairhaven Turnpike | May 1824 | Killingworth - North Branford - Fair Haven | Route 80, Quinnipiac Avenue | |
| Providence Turnpike | May 1825 | Danielson - Rhode Island (Foster and Scituate Turnpike) | U.S. Route 6 | |
| Sandy Brook Turnpike | May 1825 | North Colebrook - Riverton | Sandy Brook Road, Riverton Road | |
| Humphreysville and Salem Turnpike | May 1825 | Naugatuck - Beacon Falls - Seymour | Route 8 | |
| Center Turnpike | May 1826 | Massachusetts (Central Turnpike) - Quinebaug - North Woodstock - North Ashford - Westford - Tolland | Route 197, Old Turnpike Road, Centre Pike, Boston Hollow Road, Turnpike Road, Interstate 84, North River Road, Route 74 | |
| Northfield Turnpike | May 1826 | Redding - Weston | Route 53 (partly under the Saugatuck Reservoir) | |
| Windham and Brooklyn Turnpike | May 1826 | Danielson - Brooklyn - Windham | U.S. Route 6, Windham Road, Brooklyn Turnpike | |
| Monroe and Zoar Bridge Turnpike | May 1826 | Stevenson - Monroe - Trumbull | Route 111 | |
| Norwich and Salem Turnpike | May 1827 | Norwich - Salem | Route 82 | |
| New Milford and Roxbury Turnpike | May 1827 | New Milford - Roxbury | Route 67, Wellers Bridge Road | |
| Tolland and Mansfield Turnpike | May 1828 | Massachusetts - North Somers - Tolland - Mansfield Four Corners | Route 83, Turnpike Road, Gulf Road, Burbank Road, Route 30, Peter Green Road, Route 195 | |
| Huntington Turnpike | May 1828 | Shelton - Huntington - Bridgeport | Route 108, Huntington Turnpike | |
| Weston Turnpike | May 1828 | |||
| Sugar Hollow Turnpike | May 1829 | Georgetown - Branchville - Danbury - Mill Plain - New York | U.S. Route 7 (partly over the Danbury and Ridgefield Turnpike (1801)), Kenosia Avenue, Joes Hill Road | |
| Newtown and Norwalk Turnpike | May 1829 | Newtown - Redding Ridge - Weston - Norwalk | Route 302, Poverty Hollow Road, Hopewell Road, Newtown Turnpike, Huckleberry Road (partly blocked by the Saugatuck Reservoir), Route 53, Newtown Turnpike | |
| Shetucket Turnpike | May 1829 | Norwich - Preston - Voluntown - Rhode Island (unbuilt Providence and Norwich City Turnpike) | Route 165, Shetucket Turnpike | |
| Wells Hollow Turnpike | May 1830 | Shelton - Nichols | Bridgeport Avenue, Shelton Turnpike | |
| Branch Turnpike | May 1831 | Westport - Aspetuck - Easton - Upper Stepney - Bennetts Bridge | Route 136, Route 59, Pepper Street, Garder Road, High Rock Road, Grays Plain Road, Bennetts Bridge Road, road flooded by the Stevenson Dam | |
| Black Rock and Weston Turnpike | May 1832 | Black Rock - Easton | Black Rock Turnpike, Route 58 | |
| Simpaug Turnpike | May 1832 | Topstone - West Redding | Simpaug Turnpike | |
| Monroe and Newtown Turnpike | May 1833 | Upper Stepney - Dodgingtown | Hattertown Road | |
| Fairfield County Turnpike | May 1834 | Easton - Dodgingtown - Brookfield | Valley Road, Poverty Hollow Road, Flat Swamp Road, Shelly Road, Old Hawleyville Road, Stony Hill Road | |
| Hadlyme Turnpike | May 1834 | Hadlyme - Salem | Route 148, Route 82 | |
| Chester and North Killingworth Second Turnpike | May 1834 | Approach to the Hadlyme Ferry in Chester | Route 148 | |
| Sherman and Redding Turnpike | May 1834 | Redding - Bethel - Sherman | Sherman Turnpike, Route 107, Lonetown Road, Chestnut Ridge Road, Maple Avenue, Shelter Rock Road, Old Sherman Turnpike, abandoned portion, Old Turnpike Road, Candlewood Lake Road, large section under Lake Candlewood, Sawmill Road | |
| River Turnpike | May 1834 | See Ousatonic Turnpike (1798) | ||
| Madison and North Killingworth Turnpike | May 1835 | Killingworth - North Madison | Route 148, Abner Lane, abandoned portion | |
| Hop River Turnpike | May 1835 | Bolton Notch - Andover - Willimantic | U.S. Route 6, Route 66 | |
| Waterbury and Cheshire Plank Road | 1852 | Waterbury - Cheshire | Plank Road | |
| Saugatuck Turnpike | October 1797 | Unbuilt | ||
| Stratfield and Weston Turnpike | October 1797 | Bridgeport (Stratfield) - Easton | ||
| Greenwich and Ridgefield Turnpike | May 1802 | Unbuilt | ||
| Farmington and Harwinton Turnpike | October 1812 | Unbuilt | ||
| Dragon Turnpike | October 1817 | Unbuilt | ||
| Granby and Barkhamsted Turnpike | May 1818 | Unbuilt | ||
| Wolcott and Hampden Turnpike | May 1818 | Unbuilt | ||
| Pleasant Valley Turnpike | May 1820 | Unbuilt | ||
| New Milford and Woodbury Turnpike | May 1823 | Unbuilt | ||
| Woodbridge and Waterbury Turnpike | May 1823 | Unbuilt | ||
| Wolcottsville Turnpike | May 1826 | Unbuilt | ||
| Zoar Bridge Turnpike | May 1826 | Unbuilt | ||
| Moosup Turnpike | May 1830 | Unbuilt | ||
| Kent and Warren Turnpike | May 1834 | Unbuilt | ||
| Litchfield and Plymouth Turnpike | May 1836 | Unbuilt | ||
| Millington Turnpike | May 1839 | Unbuilt | ||
| Danbury, Redding, Weston and Westport Plank Road | 1851 | Unbuilt | ||
| Stamford, New Canaan and Ridgefield Plank Road | 1851 | Unbuilt | ||
| New Haven and Seymour Plank Road | 1852 | Unbuilt | ||
| Woodbury and Seymour Plank Road | 1852 | Unbuilt | ||
| Wallingford, North Haven and New Haven Plank Road | 1853 | Unbuilt | ||
| Salisbury Plank Road | 1853 | Unbuilt |
Map
Map of 19th century toll roads in Connecticut
References
- Frederic James Wood, The Turnpikes of New England and Evolution of the Same Through England, Virginia, and Maryland, 1919
- Moses Warren, Connecticut, from actual survey, 1813
- William Lester, Map of New London and Windham counties in Conn., 1833
- John C. Pease and John M. Niles, A Gazetteer of the States of Connecticut and Rhode-Island, 1819
- ↑ Note: Turnpikes of New England says that the Oxford Turnpike went via Beacon Falls. However, the 1813 map shows it running to Seymour, and an 1852 map of New Haven County by R. Whiteford places a tollgate south of the turnoff to Beacon Falls in Oxford.
- ↑ Note: Turnpikes of New England says that the Norwalk and Danbury Turnpike went via Beacon Falls. However, the 1813 map shows it running over Umpawaug Hill, and History of Early Roadways in Georgetown by Brent Colley says that Umpawaug Road was the turnpike.
- ↑ Daniel Cruson, Turnpikes of Easton and Redding
- ↑ Connecticut Historical Records Survey, Inventory of the Town and City Archives of Connecticut, 1938, p. 22
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