Early years (1986–1990)

The founding members of Rockapella consisted of Brown University alumni Sean Altman, Elliott Kerman, Steve Keyes, and David Stix. They had each been in an a cappella group at Brown called High Jinks, but not all at the same time. Having been in High Jinks the longest, Altman was the only connection between the other three members; when they found with each other in New York City following their graduation, they decided to form Rockapella. The band began performing on New York City street corners in 1986 with a hat at their feet and a song repertoire that consisted of a mix of barbershop arrangements and a cappella renditions of classic doo wop pieces that evolved to focus less on oldies and barbershop and more on contemporary rock music. Passers-by began to drop business cards into the hat, and these street corner performances led to private party and club performances around NYC.

Stix left the group in 1987 to pursue his artistic career and was replaced by Charlie Evett. That same year, a dinner party performance for television personality Kathie Lee Gifford led to Rockapella's 1988 appearance on the WABC-TV show The Morning Show, Regis Philbin and Gifford's NYC morning talk show before it went national. Their performance of Altman's signature arrangement of the calypso novelty standard "Zombie Jamboree" caught the eye of producer Gerard Brown. He invited Rockapella to perform on the PBS "Great Performances" TV special Spike Lee & Company – Do It A Cappella,^[1] which would put them into the national spotlight. However, Evett left the group to continue a career in software design in 1988 before the special's taping, and Barry Carl was hired to take his place.

Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? (1991–1996)

With a PBS special and numerous morning talk show appearances under their collective belt, Rockapella was noticed by the producers of an up-and-coming children's geography game show Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego?. Shortly before the show's premiere, Keyes had decided to leave Rockapella to launch his legal career, but was still part of the band when they auditioned and were hired to write and perform the show's theme song as well as appearing as the comic relief house band. Keyes was replaced by Scott Leonard, who had just returned from a career as the lead singer in a Tokyo Disneyland electronic rock band. Between Leonard joining the band and the start of their television break, Rockapella began to pick up fame, starring in a Whoopi Goldberg HBO comedy special Chez Whoopi, a Taco Bell commercial, and opened for acts such as Chuck Berry, Styx, Billy Joel, and their a cappella idols The Persuasions, who the group had met on the Do It A Cappella special. They also performed on Jay Leno's first New Year's Eve episode of The Tonight Show in 1992.^[2]

Rockapella first appeared on the half-hour game show in 1991 and later continued to appear daily for five seasons, catapulting the band's four members into mid-level television celebrity status and making the Rockapella-performed theme song (which was penned by Altman and his childhood friend, David Yazbek) as one of the best known television themes in history. Jeff Thacher joined Rockapella as the band's permanent vocal percussionist in 1993, although he only appeared on Carmen Sandiego during its fifth and final season two years later. While Rockapella was seen daily in homes across America, Leonard used his connections to the Japanese music market to acquire a recording contract with ForLife Records. The group released seven albums of original and cover material under this label in Japan during their run on Carmen Sandiego and for two years after that, being the first to bring contemporary a cappella music to Japan.^[2]

Post-Carmen Sandiego years (1997–present)

Rockapella performing in 2003. (L-R) Kevin Wright, Elliott Kerman, George Baldi III, Scott Leonard, Jeff Thacher.

Following the end of Carmen Sandiego in 1996, Altman left Rockapella to pursue his solo career the following year, and was replaced by Kevin Wright; it was this line-up that would find itself gaining a boost in popularity in the late 1990s and the early 2000s. An American record label, two Folger's coffee commercials that ran between 1998 and 2001, and another PBS special of their December 9, 2000, concert brought Rockapella to be known as the front-runners of modern-day a cappella. In 2002, Carl hung up his pipes as bassist and was replaced by George Baldi III. In 2003, the group started their now annual "A Rockapella Holiday" tour, and in 2004, they released a live album, as well as re-released all of their previous North American albums on the independent label Shakariki Records. That same year, Kerman, the group's baritone and the last remaining founding member of the group, decided to leave Rockapella and was replaced by John K. Brown, a second tenor. This membership change initiated the era of, as the group refers to it, "The New Rockapella", in which the group has added more choreography and energy to their concert performances.^[3] Between 2005 and 2009, Rockapella focused on touring both domestically and around the world, continuing their popularity in North America and Japan while also boosting their newfound popularity in Europe and Asia in countries such as Germany, Switzerland, Singapore, and South Korea. Rockapella began joining the Boston Pops on stage in the eastern US in 2006, creating a concert experience that shows both the orchestra's and Rockapella's talents separately and together in a manner never done before: a cappella with instrumentation.^[4] In August 2009, Wright announced he would be leaving the group at the end of the year to spend more time with his family;^[5] his last performance with the band was on December 22 of that same year,^[6] and was replaced by Steven Dorian.

In August 2010, the group announced their first ever concert cruise through Galaxsea Travel aboard Carnival Cruise Lines' Glory. It took place on January 23–30, 2011 and included private concerts and a meet and greet cocktail party with Rockapella. On September 21, 2010, after much build up by the group since January, the band released Bang, their first full scale studio album since 2002, in digital format via iTunes, Amazon.com, and their website; physical CDs became available on October 21.^[7] On December 17, PAID Inc., the group's brand management and marketing resource, announced a partnership with Fairwood Studios that resulted in Rockapella becoming the first a cappella band to be featured in the Rock Band Network.^[8] The project to make "Bang", the title track off their newest album, the first track in Rock Band to feature full, four-instrument gameplay based on no live or synthesized instruments began in the summer of 2010,^[9][10] and was released for purchase on January 30, 2011 through the RBN.^[11] As shown by an accompanying video released through YouTube on Fairwood Studios' channel, the vocal player sings along with Leonard's lead, the guitarist strums to Brown and Dorian's backup vocals, the bass guitar player follows Baldi's bass vocals, and the player on the drums uses Thacher's vocal percussion as their notes.^{[12][note 1]} At the beginning of 2011, the band's cover of "It's A Small World" from their album Comfort & Joy, was featured in a TV commercial for the animated film Gnomeo and Juliet.^[13] Along with their usual holiday shows, Rockapella joined the Boston Pops in November and December 2011 for ten shows during their Christmas tour, a first for the band.^[14][15] On November 16, 2011, Rockapella released a new holiday album, A Rockapella Holiday, announcing the release via Facebook.^[16] In the spring of 2012, Rockapella revealed a new covers album was in the works, titled Motown & More, to accompany their live show of the same name.^[17][18][19] Just prior to release, a YouTube sampler of the forthcoming album tracks was posted & announced via Facebook,^[20] presenting song clips accompanied by album-related graphics. The album was released on March 15, 2013 on iTunes^[21] and is currently also available on Amazon.com & CDBaby.^[22][23] The band released two music videos of original music on YouTube in 2013: "Pretty Much You" from Motown & More on May 21, 2013, and "4U4Now4Life" from Bang on September 10, 2013. In a Facebook post on October 14, Brown announced he would be leaving the group at the end of the month to enter the ministry full-time.^[24] He was replaced by Calvin Jones, who began performing with the group at their first Christmas show of 2013.^[25] After a run as substitute bass during the 2014 holiday tour, Ryan Chappelle, a former member of Boston's Ball In The House("BITH") officially replaced George Baldi as bass singer on band photos and other materials in early 2015, with Baldi periodically appearing on tour as a sub.^[26] On April 11, 2015, following two months of tour dates in Reno, NV and other western US cities, the group released a music video and studio single of one of the new songs from their stage show: a "mashup" of "Rock Around The Clock" and "Tell Me Something Good" featuring their new bass, and shot in and around Reno. On July 27, 2015, Funny or Die reunited four of the five Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? members on-camera (and the 5th via music only) to record & perform a comedy parody version of the TV theme song, regarding the recent escape & pursuit of Mexican drug lord El Chapo, entitled "Where In The World Is El Chapo?". On October 23, 2015, Mashable.com reunited Carmen Sandiego era member and theme song co-writer Sean Altman with members of the present group for a reunion interview & performance on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the Carmen Sandiego franchise, as well as 24th anniversary of the television program. On February 9, 2016, the group released a music video and studio single on the occasion of Valentine's Day: an uptempo cover of "(The) Candy Man". In November 2019, Mitchell Rains left the group and was replaced by Jose Rosario.^[27]

In 2022, Jose Rosario left the group and was replaced by Manny Houston. Bryant Vance left the group at that time as well, allowing George Baldi III to return. By mid-2023, Baldi left the group once again and was replaced by Armand Hutton.

Timeline

US albums

Country	Release Date	Title	Line-up	Label
Japan	May 21, 1992	To N.Y.	Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard	ForLife Records
	May 21, 1992	From N.Y.
	December 16, 1992	Bash!
	April 21, 1994	Vocobeat	Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher
	November 18, 1994	Out Cold
USA	1995	Primer		Independent
USA  Japan	1996 (US) November 21, 1996 (Japan)	Lucky Seven		Independent (US) ForLife Records (Japan)
USA	1997	Rockapella	Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher, Wright	Independent
	February 16, 1999	Don't Tell Me You Do		J-Bird Records
	March 28, 2000	2
USA  Japan	October 24, 2000 (US) November 30, 2001 (Japan)	Christmas		J-Bird Records (US) Rentrak Records (Japan)
	May 6, 2001 (US) November 30, 2001 (Japan)	In Concert
USA	August 13, 2002	Smilin'	Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher, Wright, Baldi	Amerigo Records
	November 12, 2002	Comfort & Joy	Kerman, Leonard, Thacher, Wright, Baldi
	June 2004	Live in Japan		Shakariki Records
	November 16, 2011	A Rockapella Holiday	Leonard, Thacher, Dorian, Baldi, Brown
	September 21, 2010	Bang
	March 15, 2013	Motown & More
	September 2017	Jams, Vol. 1	Leonard, Thacher, Rains, Jones, Vance
	December 2018	Jams, Vol. 2
	December 2019	Christmas Live

All albums from Don't Tell Me You Do through Comfort & Joy were re-released in the US by Shakariki Records in 2004.

Compilation albums

Country	Release Date	Album	Line-up	Label
Japan	November 17, 1995	Best Fest	Altman, Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher	ForLife Records
	September 2002	Best A Cappella
	September 25, 2002	More Than Ever	Kerman, Carl, Leonard, Thacher, Wright	Rentrak Records

Miscellaneous albums

Singles and EPs

Other appearances

Solo albums and appearances