| Cipac | |
|---|---|
.png.webp) | |
| Tlatoani and Governor of Tenochtitlan | |
| Reign | 30 September 1563 – 27 December 1565 |
| Installation | 30 September 1563 |
| Predecessor | Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin |
| Successor | Francisco Jiménez (as judge-governor) |
| Alcalde of San Juan Tenochtitlan | |
| In office | 1557 |
| Predecessor | Miguel Sánchez Yscatl Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin |
| Successor | Martín Cano Pedro de la Cruz Tlapaltecatl |
| Co-Alcalde | Tomás de Aquino Yspopulac |
| Died | 27 December 1565 |
Don Luis de Santa María Nanacacipactzin, also known as Cipac, was the last tlatoani ("king") of the Nahua altepetl of Tenochtitlan,[1] as well as its governor (gobernador) under the colonial Spanish system of government. The previous ruler Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin having died in 1562,[2] Nanacacipactzin was installed on September 30, 1563, and ruled until his death on December 27, 1565.[1]
His rule was dominated by disputes with the Spanish colonial government over tribute payments. In January 1564, the viceroyalty passed a law requiring the Tenochca to pay 14,000 pesos in annual tribute, as well as a large payment in corn. Nanacacipactzin resisted this demand, and faced a number of Spanish-backed lawsuits as a result, even being arrested for three days in September 1564 for failing to secure agreement to the new payments. His mental and physical health declined as a result, and this likely contributed to his death in December 1565.[3]
With Nanacacipactzin's death, the rule of Tenochtitlan by dynastic tlatoque (plural of tlatoani) came to an end.[1] As governor, he was succeeded in 1568 by Francisco Jiménez, who was a native of Tecamachalco rather than Tenochtitlan.[4]
His Nahuatl name, Nanacacipactli (or Nanacacipactzin in the honorific form), literally means "mushroom alligator". It appears his birth name was simply Cipactli "alligator", and the "mushroom" element was added as a nickname,[5] possibly due to a perception that he was ineffective in resisting Spanish tribute demands.[6]
See also
Notes
- 1 2 3 Chimalpahin (1997): vol. 1, p. 175; vol. 2, p. 43.
- ↑ Chimalpahin (1997): vol. 1, p. 175; vol. 2, p. 41.
- ↑ Townsend, Camilla (2019). Fifth Sun: A New History of the Aztecs. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 166–178. ISBN 978-0190673062.
- ↑ Chimalpahin (1997): vol. 1, p. 177; vol. 2, p. 43.
- ↑ Lockhart (1992): p. 118.
- ↑ Townsend (2019). Fifth Sun. p. 168.
References
- Chimalpahin Cuauhtlehuanitzin, Domingo Francisco de San Antón Muñón (1997). Codex Chimalpahin. ed. and trans. by Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
- Gibson, Charles (1964). The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule: A History of the Indians of the Valley of Mexico, 1519–1810. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
- Lockhart, James (1992). The Nahuas After the Conquest: A Social and Cultural History of the Indians of Central Mexico, Sixteenth through Eighteenth Centuries. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
External links
